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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/10/3,#,I am Tom,Lesson 1,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第1页,1/140,简单句,概念,:只有一个主谓结构,且句子各个成 分都只有单词、词组或短语充当句子叫简单句。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第2页,2/140,简单句五种基本句型,主语,+,谓语(不及物动词),+,(状语),eg,:A bird can fly .,鸟会飞,主语,+,谓语(连系动词),+,表语,eg,:she is away from home.,她不在家,主语,+,谓语(及物动词)+宾语,eg,:I love you.,我爱你,主语,+,谓语(及物动词),+,双宾(间接宾语和直接宾语),初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第3页,3/140,eg,:,He shows me his passport,.,他把护照给我看,主语,+,谓语(及物动词)+宾语,+,宾语补足语,eg:I wish all of you happy.,我祝你们大家幸福,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第4页,4/140,主系表结构,主语,(Subject),主语是一句话中心,表示所说是什么,其位置普通放在句首,英语中主语普通不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用短语货从句来充当。,eg:,Li Lei,is a Chinese boy.(Li lei,是名词,作主语,),eg:,He,is from England.(He,是代词,作主语,),系动词,(Link verb),简单说,将主语和表语联络在一起,并组成一个,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第5页,5/140,系动词,是联络动词简称,顾名思义,它是起到联络作用动词,是连接主语和表语。系动词数量是有限,常见只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这么有利于我们记忆系动词:,一、,be,动词类:,am,、,is,、,are,、,was,、,were,二、表示改变类:,become,、,get,、,turn,、,grow,、,go,三、感官动词类,:,眼(,look,)耳,(sound),鼻,(smell),舌,(taste),身,(feel),四、表示延续性动词:,remain,、,stay,、,keep,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第6页,6/140,完整句子动词叫做系动词。当前学到系动词有:,Be,、,feel,、,look,、,sound,、,taste,、,seem,、,smell.,eg:This flower,is,beautiful.,eg:I,felt,very tired.,eg:You,look,worried.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第7页,7/140,表语,(,predicative,),表语是用来修饰主语,说明主语身份、性质、品性、特征和状态,表语位于系动词之后。,eg:I am,fine,.He is a,boy,.,We are,here,.He is not,at home,.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第8页,8/140,Y,I m(,not,)ten,Are you ten?,Yes,I am./No,I m not.,Youre(,not,)late,Am I late?,Yes,you are./No,youre not.,He(She,It)is(,not,)here,Is he here?,Yes,he is./No,he isnt,Were(,not,)students,Are you students?,Yes,we are./No,we arent,Youre(,not,)right.,Are we right?,Yes,you are./No,you arent.,Theyre(,not),at home,Are they at home?,Yes,they are./No,they arent.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第9页,9/140,口诀,我跟,am,你跟,are,is,连着他她它,,单数主语跟,is,复数主语全跟,are,变疑问,,be,提前,句末问号别忘记,,变否定,更轻易,,be,加,not,要切记。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第10页,10/140,代词,(1)-,人称代词,人称代词,I you he she it we you they,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第11页,11/140,Lesson 2,My name is Tom,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第12页,12/140,词类,词类,英文名称,作用及意义,例词,名词,noun(n.),表示人或事物名称,Tom,pen,class,work,water,代词,pronoun(pron.),代替名词、数词等,I,me,mine,this,both,形容词,adjective(a.),表示人或事物特征,good,tall,red,young,副词,adverb(ad.),表示动作等特征,Very,hard,slowly,数词,numeral(num.),表示数目或次序,One,first,fifth,动词,verb(v.),表示动作或状态,is,do,have,get,sing,ask,冠词,article(art.),用在名词前说明意义,a,an,the,介词,preposition(prep.),说明词与词关系,at,in,on,behind,连词,conjunction(conj.),连接词与词或句与句,and,but,or,so,感叹词,interjection(interj.),表示感情或口气,hi,hello,oh,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第13页,13/140,代词(,2,),-,物主代词,人称代词,I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they,物主代词,my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第14页,14/140,Lesson 3,These are books,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第15页,15/140,主系表结构(,2,),-,These are,This is(not)a book.,Is,this,a book?,Yes,it is.,No,It isnt.,That is(not)a pen.,Is,that,a pen?,Yes,it is,.,No,it isnt.,These are(not)books,.,Are,these,books?,Yes,they are.,No,they arent.,Those are(not)pens.,Are,those,pens?,Yes,they are.,No,they arent.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第16页,16/140,注意:,1.,主语为,this,或,that,普通疑问句,答句中主语要用,it,而不用,this,或,that.,2.,主语为,these,或,those,普通疑问句,答句中主语要用,they,而不用,these,或,those.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第17页,17/140,选择疑问句,1.,选择疑问句不可用,Yes,或,No,回答,其它选择选择两个部分语法成份必须相同,.,Is he tall or short?,He is short.,3.,选择疑问句是由,or,连接,.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第18页,18/140,2.,选择疑问句语气是前升后 降,.,Is he tall or short?,3.,选择疑问句是由,or,连接,.,Is he tall,or,short?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第19页,19/140,Is he tall,or,short?,He is short.,Is this your pen,or,her pen?,Its her pen.,Are you eleven,or,twelve?,I am twelve.,Are these bikes old,or,new?,They are new.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第20页,20/140,练习题,一、,主系表结构(用,am,is,are,填空),1.That banana,_,yellow.,2.What,_,these?“Theyre sheep.”,3.The child,_,in the room.,4.,_,these your oranges,?,Yes,they,_ .,5.I,_,seven years old.,are,is,is,Are,are,am,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第21页,21/140,二、,按要求完成句子,.,1.This is an apple.(,变为复数,),2.Those apples are red.(,变为否定句,),3.These books are new.,(,变为普通疑 问句,),These are apples,.,Those apples are not red,.,Are these books new?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第22页,22/140,4.Are these bananas?(,作必定回答,),5.They are,cups,.,(对划线部分提问),Yes,they are.,What are they?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第23页,23/140,三、,选择疑问句,.,1.Is she thin or fat?(,用,fat,作答,),2.Is the bay(,海峡,)new or old?(,用,new,作答,),3.,你英语老师老还是年轻?,She is fat.,The bay is new.,Is your English teacher young or old?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第24页,24/140,4.Those are hens.(,用,ducks,改为选择疑问句,),5.Is your father tall or short?(,用,short,作答,),Are those hens or ducks?,He is short.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第25页,25/140,Lesson 4,Those are buses,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第26页,26/140,名词(,2,),-,名词复数,名词词尾加,s,单词情况,组成,例句,普通情况,直接加,s,bookbooks pig-pigs,tree-trees,s,x,sh ,ch,结尾,加,es,box-boxes bus-buses,辅音字母加,y,结尾,y,变,i,再加,es,city-cities,o,结尾,加,s,photo-photos tomato-tomatoes,加,es,f(fe),结尾,f(fe),变,ves,knife-knives,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第27页,27/140,普通规则名词复数,普通规则名词,只需在该名词后加,s,即组成复数。,1.,清辅音音素结尾,s,读,/s/:,deskdesks,2.,浊辅音音素结尾,s,读,/z/:,bedbeds,3.,元音音素结尾,s,读,/z/:,playplays,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第28页,28/140,特殊规则名词复数,1.,以,/s/,、,/z/,、,/,、,/,、,/,等读音结尾名词,加(,e,),s,组成复数,读,/.,classclasses dishdishes,2.,以“辅音字母,+y,”结尾名词变,y,为,i,再加,es,读作,/z/.,babybabies storystories,3.,以字母,o,结尾名词变复数,.,有加,s,zoozoos bamboo-bamboos,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第29页,29/140,photo-photos kilo-kilos,piano-pianos video-videos,radio-radios kangaroo-kangaroos,有加,es,hero-heroes potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。,注意:,不论加,s,还是,es,都读作,/z/.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第30页,30/140,特殊名词单、复数,1.,单、复数同行,deer(,鹿,),、,sheep,、,fish,、,Chinese Japanese,2.,只用作复数,people(,人们,)police(,警察,)cattle(,牛群,),a people(,民族,),3.,不规则改变,manmen woman-women foot-feet,child-children tooth-teeth mouse-mice,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第31页,31/140,练习题,一、依据汉语完成句子,每空一词。,1._(,谁,)are the men under the tree?,_,(他们),are our teachers.,2.Those are not _(,你,)shoes.,_(,他们,)are Toms.,3.These are _(,他们,)books.,_(,你们,)books are there.,4.This is _(,我们,)teacher.,Who,They,your,They,their,Your,Our,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第32页,32/140,_(,她,)is from America.,5._(,我,)am a teacher.,_(,我,)father is a teacher,too.,二、选词填空,.,1._(He/His)is Jack.,_(He/His)cap is yellow.,2.Linda is my good friend.,_(We/our)are in the same school.,She,I,My,He,His,We,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第33页,33/140,3.Whats _(you/your)name?,My name is Mike.,4.We like _(we/our)school.,5.Is this your bag?,No,it isnt._(I/my)bag is in the desk.,your,our,My,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第34页,34/140,Lesson 5,Whats,that?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第35页,35/140,主系表结构(,3,),-,特殊疑问句,1.,自然语序,疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,特殊疑问句呈自然语序。,who invented the compass?,谁创造了指南针?,2.,倒装语序,疑问词作其它成份时,特殊疑问句呈半倒装语序,疑问词,+,助动词,/,情态动词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其它部分。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第36页,36/140,what are you boss doing?,老板在干什么?,注意:,假如谓语是连系动词,或是,have(,有,),这么特殊疑问句呈倒装语序,即:疑问词,+,连系动词(或,have,),+,主语,+,其它部分,.,What people is BBC English for?,英语是为何人服务?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第37页,37/140,Whats,this/that?,Its bird.,What,are these/those?,They re sheep.,What colour,is your shirt?,My shirt is green.,Its green.,What colour,are your shoes?,My shoes are blue.,They are blue.,What,is your name?,My name is Rob.,Who,is she?,She s our teacher.,What,is she?,She is a teacher.,How old,are you,?,I m eleven,.,What,is he like?,He s tall.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第38页,38/140,疑问词使用,一、用,What,提问,问“什么”如:,This is a knife.-,What is this?,这是小刀。,-,这是什么?,1.,问“职业”如:,What is he?,-He is a typist.,他是干什么?,-,他是个打字员。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第39页,39/140,What do you do?,-Im a teacher.,你是干什么?,-,我是当老师。,2.,问“人口、面积、年纪、形状、距离、,号码、数”。,What is the shape of her eyes?,她眼睛是什么样子?,3.,问“长度、高度、宽度、深度、厚度、,重量”。,What weight is the elephant?,这头象有多重?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第40页,40/140,4.,问“大小、尺码、价格、颜色”。,What is the size of the suitcase?,这只手提箱有多大?,二,.How,使用方法,1.,问“多少”,How much success did he have?,他取得了多大成功?,2.,问“价格”,How much is the shoes?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第41页,41/140,3,.,问“数量”,How much do you want?,你要多少?,4.,问“程度”,How much do you like it,?你有多喜欢它。,三,.,短语使用方法,.,how long,时间多长、多久,how soon,多久,how far,多远,how old,年纪多大,how often,多频繁,how tall(high,、,long,、,wide,、,thick,、,deep,多高、长、宽、厚、深。,),how large,多大,how many,多少,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第42页,42/140,Lesson 6,This book is,mine,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第43页,43/140,代词(,3,),-,名词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词,my,you,r,his,her,its,our,your,their,名词性物主代词,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第44页,44/140,名词(,2,),-,名词全部格,一、,s,式全部格,1.,在单数名词和无,s,结尾复数名词后加,s,,组成,s,全部格,.,Tom s cat,.,汤姆猫,2.,以,s,结尾复数名词后只加,girls school,女校,3.,以,s,结尾专有名词后加,s,或,Mr Joness car,琼斯先生汽车,4.,组合词,s,加在最终一个词后面,.,an hour or twos time,一两个小时时间,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第45页,45/140,二、,of,式全部格,of+,名词组成,of,式全部格,修饰前面名词,.,它可用来表示这两个名词之间所属关系,.,这种全部格多用于,无生命,名词,.,the legs of the table(=the tables legs),桌子腿,注意:,有些表示只能用,of,结构式,.,the cost of living,生活费用,the price of success,成功代价,the freedom of speech,言论自由,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第46页,46/140,三、双重全部格,of,加,s,全部格或,of+,名词性物主代词,这种格叫双重全部格,.,He is a friend of mine.,他是我一个朋友,of+,名词性物主代词,也属双重全部格,.,He is a friend of hers.,他是她一个朋友,.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第47页,47/140,名词(,2,),-,名词全部格,Whose shirt is this?,Its Janes skirt./Its Janes,.,Its her skirt./Its hers.,Whose caps are these?,Theyre Jims caps./Theyre Jims.,Theyre his caps./Theyre his.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第48页,48/140,练习题,名词全部格,Jane()boy()dog(),Teachers()students(),James(),或,(),Bob and Rob()room,Bob()and Rob()room,today()China(),the legs()the table,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第49页,49/140,Lesson 7,What time is it?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第50页,50/140,三种时间表示法,三种时间表示法,4,:,05,6,:,20,1,:,35,11,:,50,点数,+,分数,(,直读法,),four o five,six twenty,one thirty-five,eleven fifty,分数(,1-30,),+past+,该点数,(,过式,),five past four,twenty past six,分数(,31-59,),+to+,下一点数,(,差式,),twenty-five to two,ten to twelve,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第51页,51/140,时间表示法,What time is it?=(Whats the time?),Its,six(oclock).,六点整,six thirty.,half past six.,.,六点半,eleven forty five.,11,:,45,a quarter to twelve.,12,:,15,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第52页,52/140,注意,1.,分钟是,15,时普通用,a quarter,来代替,fifteen,分钟 是,30,时普通用,half,来代替,thirty.,2.,a.m.(=in the morning,表示早晨),.,p.m.(=in the afternoon,表示下午,).,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第53页,53/140,Its time for.,该是,.,时候了,介词,for,后面跟名词,如:,class,school,breakfast,lunch,supper,sports,bed,等。,Its time to,后跟动词,.,Its time to go to school.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第54页,54/140,数词全部格,数词还能够用全部格形式及加连字符相当于形容词。,one weeks meeting,five minutes walk,a one-week meeting,a five minutes walk,a ten-year-old girl,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第55页,55/140,练习题,1.,用英语表示以下时间,.,1,:,20,3,:,55,8,:,05,10,:,30,12,:,15,12,:,30,one:twenty,five to four,eight o five,half past ten,a quarter twelve,half past twelve,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第56页,56/140,2.,仿照 例句写句子,.,Model 1,:6:00 get up,Its six oclock.Its time to get up.,Model 2,:7:00 school,Its seven oclock.Its time for school.,1.7:10 go to school,2.7:45 go to the classroom,3.16:20 play football,4.17:40 go back home,5.20:55 go to bed,6.9:00 class,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第57页,57/140,3.,按要求写句子。,1.What time is it?(,同义句,),2.Its time for breakfast.(,同义句,),3.Twenty and five is,twenty-five.,(就画线部分提问),_ _ twenty and five?,4.Its,seven twenty,now.(,就画线部分提问,),_ _ is it now?,What s the time?,Its time to have breakfast.,How,much,What,time,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第58页,58/140,Lesson 8,Two and three is five,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第59页,59/140,数词(,1,),-,基数词,1.,概念:表示 数目标词叫基数词,.,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thir,teen,four,teen,fif,teen,six,teen,seven,teen,eigh,teen,nine,teen,twenty,Twen,ty-one,thir,ty,for,ty,fif,ty,six,ty,seven,ty,eigh,ty,nine,ty,one,hundred,a,hundred,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第60页,60/140,101 one hundred and one,236 Two hundred and thirty six,注意:,A.1,在数字开头时,既可译成,a,也可译成,one.,如:,146,:,a,(,one,),hundred and forty-six,1038,:,a,(,one,),thousand and thirty-eight,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第61页,61/140,Whats two,and,three?,Two,and,three,is,(are)five,.,Whats nine,plus,six?,Nine,plus,six is fifteen.,Its,fifteen.,How much is forty-one,minus,thirty-two?,Its,nine.,Im in Row one.Im in class two.,Im live in Room 302.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第62页,62/140,练习题,1.,单项选择,.,(),Its time _class.,A.for B.to C.on,(),Its time _.,A.go to school B.go school,C.to go to school,(),Its _(8:30).we must start to work now.,A.eight thirty B.eighty-thirty,C.thirty-eighty,A,C,A,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第63页,63/140,()Whats the time?Its _.,A.nine B.mine C.nice,()What _ ten and eleven?Its _.,A.is,twenty B.is,twenty-one,C.are,twenty-one,()_is your English teacher?He is forty.,A.how much B.How old C.What,A,B,A,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第64页,64/140,Lesson 9,Where is my bag?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第65页,65/140,英语中表示地点介词很多,主要有以下这些:,at,in,,,over,under,above,below,down,before,behind,between,among,on,up,等,at,与,in,使用方法,at,表示“在,地点”,通常指某一点位置。,in,表示“在,内”,通常指一个(有长、宽、高)立体地方。如:,The car pulled up at the gate.,车停在大门口。,What is in the box?,盒子里面有什么?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第66页,66/140,2.,on,over,,,above,under,below,使用方法,(1)on,表示“在,(平面)上”。如:,There is colour TV set on the desk.,桌子上有一台彩电。,(2)above,和,over,都表示“在,上方”,都没有接触面,,over,表示在正上方,above,不一定在正上方 如:,The plane is flying above the clouds.,这架飞机正在云层上方飞行。,There is a lamp over the table.,桌子上方有一盏灯。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第67页,67/140,(3)under,和,below,都表示“在,下方”,,under,表示在正下方;,below,不一定在正下方。如:,The peasants are having a rest under the tree.,农民们正在树下休息。,The sun sank below the horizon.,太阳沉到地平线以下。,3.before,与,after,使用方法,before,表示“在,前面”;,after,表示“在,后面”。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第68页,68/140,Dont put the cart before the horse.,不要把大车放在马前面。,(谚语:不要本末倒置。),The object should be placed after the verb,.,宾语应该放在动词后面。,4.,between,与,among,使用方法,between,表示“在,(二者)之间”。,among,表示“在,(二者以上)之间”。,Is there any difference between the two words?,这两个词之间有什么区分吗?,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第69页,69/140,1.,at+,点,at home,on+,面,on the wall,in+,体,in the door,beside,(在,旁边),next to,挨着,in front of(,在,前面,),在正前面,in the front of(,在,前部,),在里面前面,2.,in+,大地方,,,at+,小地方,He arrived at the village.(,或,in Beijing),昨天他抵达了那个村庄,.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第70页,70/140,3.across+,表面,through+,空间,The river runs,through,our city,across,the fields and then into the sea.,那条河穿过我们城市,流经田野,然后汇入大海。,4.among+,多者,between+,二者,5.at the corner(of),表示在,.,拐角(,外面,),in the corner(of),表示在,拐角(,里面,),6.at home,in ones home.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第71页,71/140,介词,介词(,1,),-,表示地点介词,Where is Tom?,Hes,at,home.,Where is my pen?,Its,on,the desk.,Wheres her brother?,Hes,in,his room.,Where are my shoes?,They are,under,the bed.,Where are the balls?,They are,behind,the door.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第72页,72/140,英语中表示时间介词很多,主要有以下这些:,at,on,,,in,after,,,for,,,since,by,,,till,,,until,等。,1.at,使用方法,时间介词,at,表示时刻或时间某一点。如:,at 4:30,(noon,dawn,midnight.),在,4:30,(中午、拂晓、午夜),2.on,使用方法,时间介词,on,表示日期及某天早晨、下午、晚上等,on Sunday,(Oct.1.),在星期日(,10,月,1,日,)。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第73页,73/140,3.,in,使用方法,(1),时间介词,in,表示“时段,时期”,在多数情况下能够和,during,交换,前者强调对比,后者强调连续。如:,in(during)1987,在,1987,年,in(during)the 21st century,在,21,世纪,不过假如表示“在某项活动期间”,则只能用,during,。,如:,during my military service(the trip.),在我服役期间(在旅行期间,),(2),时间介词,in,表示以说话时间为基点“若干时间以后”,惯用于谓语是未来时时间状语。,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第74页,74/140,如要表示“若干时间内”,则惯用,within,。试比较:,The meeting will end in 30 minutes.,会议,30,分钟以后结束。,Can you finish it within 30 minutes?,你能在,30,分钟之内完成这件事吗?,不过在过去时态中,,in,和,within,意思一样,并都可用于表示“在若干时间以内”,这时不要误用,during,。,如:,The job was done during a week.(x)The job was done in a week.(),初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第75页,75/140,表示时间介词,When is your birthday?,Its(,on,)May 10.,在某一天用,on,When is Childrens day?,Its(,on,)June 1,I usually get up,at,six,.,在某一时刻用,at,I usually do my homework,in,the evening,.,在某一时段用,in,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第76页,76/140,1.at+,时间点,in+,时间段,2.on+,详细某日或某日早,.,午,.,晚等。,on,Monday,在星期一,on,May 1,st,在五月一日,on,the morning of May 1,st,在五月一日早晨,3.on+,节假日,on,New Years Day.,在元旦,4.for+,时间段,since+,过去时间点,for,48 years 48,年,since,1949,自从,1949,年以来,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第77页,77/140,5.in+,时间段(与未来时连用),He will come back,in,two hours.,他两小时后回来,.,after+,时间段(与过去瞬间动作连用),He came back,after,two hours.,两小时候后他回来了,.,初中英语主系表结构讲解课件,第78页,78/140,Lesson
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