英语翻译之词类转译法省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,翻译实践,英译汉惯用方法和技巧,:,词类转译法,(,Conversion,),第1页,汉语,一个词类能充当句子成份较多,普通无须改变词类,;,英语,一个词类能充当句子成份较少,充当不一样成份时经常要改变词类。,所以，在翻译实践中，要做到既忠实于原文又符合译文语言规范，就不能机械地按原文词类“对号入座”逐字硬译，而需要进行适当,词类转换,。,第2页,爆笑中国式英语,1,、,how are you?how old are you?,怎么是你，怎么老是你,2,、,know is know noknow is noknow,知之为知之，不知为不知,.,3,you dont bird me,I dont bird you,你不鸟我，我也不鸟你,4,、,you have seed,，,I will give you some color to see see,brothers,！,together up,！,你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，弟兄们，一起上！,5,、,you me you me,彼此彼此,6,、,You Give Me Stop!,你给我站住！,7,、,we two who and who,？,咱俩谁跟谁阿,8,dragon born dragon,chicken born chicken,mouse son can make hole,！,龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠儿子会打洞！,9,、,WATCH SISTER,表妹,10,、,heart flower angry open,心花怒放,11,、,go past no mistake past,走过途经，不要错过,12,、,If you want money,I have no;if you want life,I have one!,要钱没有，要命一条,第3页,词类转译法,(Conversion of Parts of Speech):,就是指在翻译过程中，依据译文语言习惯进行词类转换，即把原文中属于某种词类词在译文中转换另一个词类，从而使译文通顺自然。,第4页,汉语,英语,名词,主语,;,宾语,;,定语,;,状语,;,谓语,主语,;,宾语,;,表语,;,定语,形容词,定语,;,表语,;,主语,;,宾语,;,状语,;,谓语,定语,;,表语,;,宾补,动词,谓语,;,主语,;,宾语,;,定语,;,表语,谓语,汉英词类句法功效对照表,第5页,例,:,1,）这是一个很,清楚,问题。,2,）这个问题一定要搞得,清,清楚,楚,3,）问题很,清楚,。,1)This is a,clear,question.,2)The problem is quite,clear,.,3)The problem must be made,clear,.,第6页,Is your father a,smoker,（吸烟者）,?,你父亲,抽烟,吗？,She is a real,beauty,.,她非常,漂亮,。,We are,enemies,（敌人）,of all wars,.,我们,反对,一切战争。,He is the,murderer,（凶手）,of his boss.,他,谋杀,了他老板。,The earth is,shaped,（形状）,like a big ball.,地球,形状,像个大球。,第7页,英译汉过程中词类转换,翻译中词类怎样转译，要依据原文词义、译入语表示习惯等而定,通常有,4,种情况：,1),转译成动词,2),转译成名词,3),转译成形容词,4),其它词类转译,第8页,转译成,动词,英语和汉语比较起来，,汉语中动词用得多，而名词用得少，,汉语能够几个动词或动词性结构连用，而英语句子中往往只有一个谓语动词。,如,:,He,admires,（钦佩）,the Presidents,stated,decision,to fight,for,the job.,他对总统,申明,为,保住,其职位而,决心,奋斗,表示钦佩,。,第9页,英译汉过程中词类转换,1),转译成动词,:,a),名词转译成,动词,;,b),介词转译成,动词,;,c),形容词转译成动词,;,d),副词转译,成动词,.,第10页,a),名词,转译成,动词,英语中大量,由动词派生名词,和具,有动作意义名词,常可,转译成动词：,1),动词派生名词,转译成动词。,2),含有动作意思名词,转译成动词。,3),英语中有些,加后缀名词，不是指,其身份和职业,，而是含有较强动,作意味,通常,转,译成动词。,4),作为,习语主体名词,常转译成动词。,第11页,名词,转译成,动词,动词派生名词,转译成动词,：,如,:,The,mastery,（精通、熟练）,of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.,原次序：语言,精通,不是很轻易，需要刻苦努力。,改为：语言这东西不是随便能够,学好,，非下苦功不可。,第12页,名词,转译成,动词,再如,:,Xu Beihongs,painting,s of,horses are exceptionally good.,原次序,:,徐悲鸿马,画像,尤其好,。,改为,:,徐悲鸿,画马画,得尤其好。,试译,:,Insulin is used in the,treatment,（治疗）,of diabetes.,The government called for the,establishment,of more technical schools.,第13页,名词,转译成,动词,再如,:,Xu Beihongs,painting,s of,horses are exceptionally good.,原次序,:,徐悲鸿马,画像,尤其好,。,改为,:,徐悲鸿,画马画,得尤其好。,试译,:,Insulin is used in the,treatment,of diabetes.,胰岛素用于,治疗,糖尿病。,The government called for the,establishment,of more technical schools.,政府号召,建立,更多技术学校。,第14页,名词,转译成,动词,2,、,英,含有动作意思名词,转译成动词。,如,:,The thought of fat meat makes me sick.,一想到,肥肉我就恶心。,A,view,of the village can be obtained from the tower.,从塔上能够,看见,这个村庄。,Tom looked his,good-bye,at the garden.,汤姆看了看园子，跟它,告别,。,第15页,3,、英语中有些加后缀名词，,不是指其身份和职业，而是含有较强动作意味,通常,转,译成动词。,例,:,Some of my classmates are good,singer,s.,我同学中一些人唱歌,唱,得好。,Cf.,She is a well-known,singer,.,她是一位著名,歌唱家,。,I am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I,suppose my younger brother is a better,teacher,than I am.,恐怕我不能教你游,泳，我想我弟弟会比我,教,得好。,第16页,试译,:,1)Im not a mind,reader,.,2)Parents are always our perfect and,minute,lovers,.,3)Lin Zexu was the most successful,opium,banner,.,4),Being a successful,organizer,of this,football match,he still appears modest.,第17页,试译,:,1)Im not a mind,reader,.,我不能,读懂,他人心思。,2),Parents are always our perfect and minute,lovers,.,父母永远会无微不至地,爱着,我们。,3),Lin Zexu was the most successful opium,（鸦片）,banner,.,（横幅、旗帜）,林则徐,禁烟,最为成功。,4)Being a successful,organizer,（组织者）,of this football match,he still appears modest.,即使成功,举行,了,第18页,4,、,作为,习语主体名词,常转译成动词：,例：,Shall we,have a,rest,?,我们,休息,一下，好吗？,Let me,have a,try,.,我来,试,一下。,He,made no,mention,of,his resignation.,他没有,提到,辞职事。,第19页,b,、介词,转译成,动词,英语中含有动作意味介词汉译时能够译成动词。,例,:,The Red Army men struggled ahead,across,the snow mountains and,through,the marshes.,红军战士爬雪山，过草地，艰难地前进着。,The people are,with,him.,人民,拥护,他。,He came to my home,for,help.,他来到我家，,请求,帮助。,What are you,after,?,你,追求,什么？,第20页,C,、,形容词,转译成动词,英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态形容词,(,如,:afraid,thankful,certain,able,concerned,doubtful,grateful,等,),，在系动词后做表语时，常转译成动词。,例,:,They are not,sure,they can save his life.,他们不敢,必定,能否挽救他生命。,Is he,able,to do it?,他,能够,做那件事吗？,I have to be,cautious,.,我必须,小心慎重,才是。,She was always,confident,.,她总是,信心十足,。,第21页,d,、,副词,转译,成动词,例,:,Is he,up,yet?,他,起床,了没有？,As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes,on,.,他跑出去时，忘了,穿,鞋子。,Please open the window to let fresh air,in,.,请打开窗子，让新鲜空气,进来,。,When he went back,the radio was still,on,for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left.,他回来时，收音机依然,开着,，因为他离开,时忘记关了。,第22页,转译成,名词,1),名词派生动词,或由,名词转用动词,转译成名词,;,2),英语,被动句式,，可译成“受到,/,遭到,-+,名词”或“给予,/,加以,-+,名词”结构,;,3),形容词,转译成名词。,第23页,转译成,名词,1),英语中很多,名词派生动词,或由,名词转用动词,，在汉语中往往不易找到适当动词,，,这时能够转译成名词。,例：,Formality has always,characterize,d,(,含有特征,),their relationship.,他们之间关系，有一个,特点,，那就是,以礼相待。,To them,he,personifi,ed,（为,化身）,the absolute power.,在他们看来，他就是绝对权威,化身,。,第24页,转译成,名词,1,、,英语中很多,名词派生动词,或由,名词转用动词,，在汉语中往往不易找到适当动词,，,这时能够转译成名词。,例：,The earth is,shape,d,like a big ball.,地球,形状,像个大球。,His speech,impress,ed,（使,印象深刻）,the audience deeply.,他演讲给听众,印象,很深刻。,Socialist revolution,aims,（瞄准）,at liberating the productive forces.,社会主义革命,目标,是为了解放生产力。,第25页,转译成,名词,2,、英语,被动句式,，可译成“受到,/,遭到,-+,名词”或“给予,/,加以,-+,名词”结构,;,例：,The invasion of another independent country must,be stopped,.,侵犯另一个独立国家行为必须,给予阻止,。,He,was criticized,by his leader for failing to report the accident.,他因为未对事故进行汇报而受到领导,批评,。,He,was punished,（处罚）,by the school for cheating,（坑骗）,in the exam.,他因考试作弊而受到学校,处罚,。,第26页,转译成,名词,3,、,形容词,转译成名词,:,英语中有些,形容词加上定冠词,表示,一类人,，汉译为名词。例：,Do not look down upon,the poor,.,不要看不起,穷人,。,The weak,should be protected.,弱者,应受到保护。,第27页,转译成,形容词,1,、,形容词派生名词,常转译成形容词：,I have,difficulty,in speaking Putonghua.,讲普通话我很,困难,。,Her questions suggested her,innocence,.,（天真、单纯）,她提出问题表明她是,无知,。,2,、,有些名词加不定冠词作表语,时，往往转译成形容词：,The concert is a great,success,（成功）,.,音乐会是很,成功,。,Independent thinking is an absolute,necessity,（必需）,in study.,独立思索对学习是绝对,必需,。,第28页,1,、形容词与副词互转：,a,、英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词形容词要转译成汉语副词。,例：,They gave the enemy a,heavy,（沉重）,blow.,他们,狠狠地,打击了敌人。,Her hard work led to her,successful,promotion.,她工作努力，因而,成功地,取得了提升。,He was a,regular,（有规律）,visitor.,他,经常,来。,She is an,ardent,（热心）,lover of classical music.,她,酷,爱古典音乐。,第29页,b,、英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词副词要转译成汉语形容词。,例：,The film impressed him,deeply,.,这部电影给他留下了,深刻,印象。,Boys think,differently,（地）,from girls.,男孩子有着与女孩子,不一样,想法。,This communication system is,chiefly,（主要地）,characterized by its simplicity of operation and the ease with which it can be maintained.,这种通讯设备,主要,特点是操作简单，维修轻易。,第30页,C,、因为英、汉两种语言表示方式各异，还有一些英语形容词要译成汉语副词。,例：,Have you dialed the,right,number?,你拨,对了,号码了吗？,Supporters were in a,clear,minority.,支持者,显然,属于少数。,This is,sheer,nonsense.,这,完全,是乱说,.,第31页,2,、名词与副词互转：,a,、名词转译成副词：,例：,The,instinct,（本能）,of a successful actor is to play any character lifelike.,一个成功演员应该,本能地,把每一个角色演活。,The,substance,（实质）,of his speech was to make us obedient.,他讲话,实质上,是要求我们服从他。,I have the great,honor,to introduce to you Mr.Black.,我很,荣幸地,给大家介绍布莱克先生。,第32页,2,、名词与副词互转：,a,、副词转译成名词：,例：,One should be,psychologically,（心理上）,as well as,physically,（身体上）,sound.,一个人必须有健康,体魄,和健康,心理,。,Nowadays many people in the society are,materially,rich but,spiritually,poor.,当今社会中，有许多人,物质,富有却,精神,空虚。,第33页,1.,I have the,great,honor,to inform you of your being enrolled by Nankai University.,2.My,suggestion,is that he quit smoking at once.,3.Chinas successful,explosion,of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussion throughout the world.,4.I am an amateur actor.He is a,better,player,than I.,练练吧！,第34页,5.,He had been the,ruler,of that region for as long as twenty years.,6.I am no,drinker,nor,smoker,.,7.He is a good,listener,and everybody likes to talk with him.,8.A well-dressed teacher,who,looked,and,talked,like a southerner,came into the classroom.,第35页,9.In his speech he laid,special,stress,on improving the quality of the products.,10.Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally,off,poverty.,11.We are,convinced,that with the joint efforts of our two countries,the friendly relations and cooperation between us will develop further.,12.I am so,grateful,to my father for his,continuous,encouragement,during my childhood.,第36页,1.,I have the,great,honor,to inform you of your being enrolled by Jiaying University.,我,十分,荣幸地,通知你，你被嘉大录用了。,2,.My,suggestion,is that he should quit smoking at once.,我,提议,他立刻戒烟。,3.Chinas successful,explosion,of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussion throughout the world.,中国成功地,爆炸,了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引发了巨大反响。,4,I am an amateur actor.He is a better,player,than I.,我是一个业余演员，他,演得,比我好。,练练吧！,第37页,5.He had been the,rule,r,of that region for as long as twenty years.,他,统治,那个地域长达二十年之久。,6.I am no,drinker,nor,smoker,.,我不会,喝酒,，也不,抽烟,。,7.He is a good,listener,and everybody likes to talk with him.,他善于,聆听,，人人都愿意和他交谈。,8.A well-dressed teacher,who,looked,and,talked,like a southerner,came into the classroom.,一名衣冠楚楚教师走进了教室，他,外表和谈吐,都像个南方人,。,第38页,9.,In his speech he laid special,stress,on improving the quality of the products.,他在讲话中尤其,强调,提升产品质量。,10.Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally,off,poverty.,千百万山区人终于,摆脱,了贫穷。,11.We are,convinced,that with the joint efforts of our two countries,the friendly relations and cooperation between us will develop further.,我们,相信,，在两国共同努力下，我们两国友好合作关系必将深入发展。,12.I am so,grateful,to my father for his,continuous,encouragement,during my childhood.,我非常,感激,父亲，因为在我小时候他总是,不停地,勉励,我。,第39页,Thank you,第40页,