2022年翻译三级笔译实务含答案.doc

英语三级《笔译实务》试题
Section 1：English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
A few weeks back，I asked a 14-year-old friend how she was coping with school.
Referring to stress，she heaved a big sigh and said："Aiyah，anything bad that can happen has already happened."
Her friends nearby then started pouring out their woes about which subjects they found hard，and so on. Pessimism again，in these all-too-familiar remarks about Singapore's education system，widely regarded as too results-oriented，and I wonder why I even bothered to ask.
The school system of reaching for A's underlies the country's culture，which emphasizes the chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves.
Such a culture is hard to change.
So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success，encouraging Singaporeans to realize alternative careers in the arts，sports，research or as entrepreneurs，I had my doubts about its success in this area，if not coupled with help from parents themselves.
The new Remaking Singapore Committee is a brainchild of the Singaporean Prime Minister，formed to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C's：cash，condos，clubs，credit cards and cars，to help prepare the nation for the future.
It is good that the government wants to do something about the country's preoccupation with material success. But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee's success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence.
This makeover has to start with the most basic societal unit -- the family.
Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks. Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life. And a score of 70 for a Chinese paper is definitely not the end of life.
If ever I become a parent，I will bring my children camping. I will show them that cooking food in a mess tin over a campfire is fun. I will teach them that there is nothing dirty about lying on a sleeping bag over grass.
In fact，it is educational because Orion is up there in the night sky with all the other bright stars whose shapes and patterns tell something more than a myth. For instance，they give directions to the lost traveler，I will say.
And who knows，my child may become an astronomer years down the road. All because of the nights I spent with him watching the twinkles in the sky.
That's my point. Parents should teach their children that there's more to life than studies. Better still if the nation's leaders echo that idea as well.
This way，when their children aspire to be the next Joscelin Yeo，they won't feel like they are fighting a losing battle against a society that holds doctors and lawyers in awe.
However，the culture that babysits economic excellence is deeply ingrained and so are the mindsets of many parents. But parents can take the cue from the new Remaking Singapore Committee and be aware of giving their children the right kind of education.
It is now wait-and-see if，say，10 years down the road，more would choose alternative careers. Hopefully，by then no one would think sportsmen or musicians as making too big a sacrifice in chasing their dreams.
Section 2：Chinese-English Translation (40 points)
Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.
近年来，中华人民共和国政府倡导国内旅游，履行“假日经济”政策，给公民每年3次为期一周长假，让她们将更多储蓄用于旅游、购物和外出就餐。，五一节总旅游消费达390亿元人民币。
目前旅游业收入占国内生产总值2.3%。预测到，旅游收入将每年增长10%，并发明4,000万个就业机会。
旅游间接效益更大，估计发明了1，840亿美元经济活动，以及5，400万个就业岗位。这些经济活动波及政府花在会议上旅游开支，以及重要旅游项目投资。
中华人民共和国在公路、火车站和机场方面投资巨大。新航线和公交公司不断涌现，竞争减少了旅游成本。京沪间单程机票售价为850-900元人民币，有时还会更低。某些航线开展网上售票服务，以便人们购票。更多私车和汽车租赁中介浮现让数百万人不仅能跟团旅游，还能自己开车出游。
参照译文及采分点解析
Section 1：英译汉(60分)
[参照译文]
几种星期前，我问一种14岁朋友她如何应对自己学业。
谈到压力，她深叹一口气说：“哎呀，这儿事要多糟，有多糟。”
随后，她周边朋友便开始就她们觉得那些难学学科倾诉自己苦恼。人们普遍觉得，新加坡教导制度过度注重成绩，而这些孩子耳熟能详言语再次体现了对新加坡教导制度悲观情绪。我不懂得自己为什么还要费心一问。
追求功课得优学校体制构成了新加坡文化基本，这一文化重在追求经济上杰出成就，而这一成就则体目前一定要获得财富和地位。
这种文化是难以变化。
新成立改造新加坡委员会已将其目旳之一拟定为向老式成功之路发起挑战，鼓励新加坡人去从事其她职业，如艺术、体育、研究或成为公司家。当我获知此情时，我怀疑如果没有家长配合，这方面改造可否成功。
成立改造新加坡委员会是新加坡总理设想，旨在协助国家准备应付将来，使新加坡人不要只盯着钞票、公寓、俱乐部、信用卡和汽车。
新加坡政府想针对本国物质成功为先理念采用行动，这是件好事。但如果没有家庭单位参与，这种行动将会是一场失败之战，由于我觉得只有彻底变化独立37年来形成一种整体文化，改造新加坡委员会才干获得成功。
而这种变化必要始于最基本社会单位——家庭。
家长们不应当使孩子禁锢于“我要得100分”约束。学科课程决定不了生活中成败。一篇中文论文得70分绝不意味着生活无望。
如果有朝一日我成为家长，我要带我孩子去露营，向她们演示用军用饭盒在篝火上煮饭是一种乐趣，告诉她们躺在草地上睡袋里一点也不脏。
事实上，这是有教导意义，由于猎户星座与其她明亮星星高挂夜空，它们形态和图案诉说不仅仅是一种神话。例如，我觉得它们可觉得迷路旅行人指引方向。
说不定我孩子也许会在数年后成为一种天文学家，而这一切则源于我与她一起在夜晚观测空中闪烁星星。
这就是我观点。家长应当教导自己孩子，生活中除了学业外尚有更丰富内容。如果国家领导人也认同那种观点就更好了。
由此，当孩子们渴望成为另一种杨玮玲(JOSCELIN YEO)时，她们就不会感到，在面对一种敬畏医生和律师社会时，她们要进行一场失败之战。
然而，这种庇护经济成就感文化根深蒂固，许多家长思想倾向也是如此。但家长们可以从改造新加坡委员会那里得到启示，意识到要予以自己孩子对旳教导。
我们目前拭目以待，也许后，更多人将选用其她职业。但愿到那时，没人会觉得运动员或音乐家在追求梦想时作出了太过巨人牺牲。
[采分点解析]
1． Referring to stress，she heaved a big sigh and said：“Aiyah，anything bad that can happen has already happened．”谈到压力，她深叹一口气说：“哎呀，这儿事要多糟，有多糟。”
[分析] 用词选词采分点。
heave举起，起伏，叹(气)；在此heaved a big sigh译作：深叹一口气；Anything bad that can happen has already happened．原意为：能发生坏事都已发生了；言外之意：“事情糟得不能再糟了。”或“这儿事要多糟，有多糟。”
2． Her friends nearby then started pouring out their woes about which subjects they found hard，and so on．随后，她周边朋友便开始就她们觉得那些难学学科倾诉自己苦恼。
[分析] 理解构造采分点。
此句是根据汉语语言习惯对原文词序进行调节，使译文尽量地通顺。将介词+关系代词构成介词短语引起定语从句放到被修饰名词前，将体现时间、地点副词提前。此外，短语pour out倾诉，倾吐；pour out their woes倾诉自己苦恼。
3． Pessimism again，in these all-too-familiar remarks about Singapore's education system， widely regarded as too results-oriented，and I wonder why I even bothered to ask．人们普遍觉得，新加坡教导制度过度注重成绩，而这些孩子耳熟能详言语再次体现了对新加坡教导制度悲观情绪。我不懂得自己为什么还要费心一问。
[分析] 理解构造采分点。
此句是个很长并列句，可用断句法将并列句提成两个句子来翻译。翻译前要仔细推敲，按逻辑顺序对全句进行综合解决。还要注意翻译中必然与否认，积极与被动互换。本句还应注意词选用，如：pessimism泽成“悲观情绪”；all-too-familiar remarks译成“耳熟能详言语”或根据上下文，意译成“牢骚”； results-oriented过度注重成绩。
4．The school system of reaching for A's underlies the country's culture，which emphasizes the chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves．追求功课
得优学校体制构成了新加坡文化基本，这一文化重在追求经济上杰出成就，而这一成就则体目前一定要获得财富和地位。
[分析] 理解构造采分点。
本句是个带有非限定性定语从句复合句，要分别采用换序译法和断句译法。主句主语带有一种定语，翻译时只需将之放到所修饰名词之前即可；非限定性定语从句和其中where引导从句都可当作并列句采用断句法来译。 must-haves译成“一定要获得财富和地位/必要获得财富和地位”。
5．So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success，encouraging Singaporeans to realize alternative careers in the arts，sports，research or as entrepreneurs，I had my doubts about its success in this area，if not coupled with help from parents themselves．新成立改造新加坡委员会已将其目旳之一拟定为向老式成功之路发起挑战，鼓励新加坡人去从事其她职业，如艺术、体育、研究或成为公司家。当我获知此情时，我怀疑如果没有家长配合，这方面改造可否成功。
[分析] 理解构造采分点。
本句是个非常长简朴句，译前要仔细推敲它含义。句首是个长长时间状语从句，之中还波及一种宾语从句，宾语从句中还带有两个并列目前分词短语作宾语补足语。译时可将句子断开，同步要按照汉语习惯，扩展词义，将话说完整。new译成“新成立”；Remaking Singapore Committee译成“改造新加坡委员会”：challenging the traditional roads to success译戍“向老式成功之路发起挑战”，realize实现，结识到，在此译为“从事”。
本句主句中所说“its success”指“实现”前面提到“目旳、”，背面有个条件句，翻译时要调节语序。
6． The new Remaking Singapore Committee is a brainchild of the Singaporean Prime Minister，formed to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C's：cash，condos，clubs，credit cards and cars，to help prepare the nation for the future．成立改造新加坡委员会是新加坡总理设想，旨在协助国家准备应付将来，使新加坡人不要只盯着钞票、公寓、俱乐部、信用卡和汽车。
[分析] 用词选词采分点。
a brainchild脑力劳动产物(如筹划、作品等)，在此指(总理)设想，理解构造采分点。to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C's：cash，condos，clubs， credit cards and cars使新加坡人不要只盯羞钞票、公寓、俱乐部、信用卡和汽车。此处翻译要根据英语和汉语习惯，将必然变为否认。
7．But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee's success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence；但如果没有家庭单位参与，这种行动将会是一场失败之战，由于我觉得只有彻底变化独立37年来形成一种整体文化，改造新加坡委员会才干获得成功。
[分析] 理解构造采分点。
此句可用换序译法，同步将被动变积极，即将if the family unit itself is not involved译成“如果没有家庭单位参与”，句首it指是上一句the government wants to do something about the country's preoccupation with material success，在翻译中要译全。the committee's success is rooted in也要将被动变积极，译为“扎根于”，“在于”。
8．Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks．Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life．家长们不应当使孩子禁锢于“我要得100分”约束。学科课程决定不了生活中成败。
[分析] 用词选词采分点。
Mantra(印度教和佛教中)曼特罗，祷文，符咒，在此drown their children in mantras可译成“把孩子禁锢在(紧箍咒中)”，本句中I want hundred marks是介词of宾语，因而各词之间都加上了连字符号，译为“我要得100分”， be-all所有；end-all结尾，最后目旳，因而第二句可译作“学科课程决定不了生活中成败”或“学科课程并不是生活一切”。
9． Orion[天]猎户星座
[分析] 基本素质采分点。
Orion是天文学专有名词，体现“猎户星座”。
10．However，the culture that babysits economic excellence is deeply ingrained and so are the mindsets of many parents．然而，这种庇护经济成就感文化根深蒂固，许多家长思想倾向也是如此。
[分析] 理解构造采分点。
本句是个并列句。前面一句主语带有一种定语从句，翻译时可将定语从句放到它所修饰名词前：背面一句是倒装句，翻译时要按倒装顺序来译。
11． It is now wait-and-see…我们目前拭目以待……
[分析] 用词选词采分点。
wait-and-see等着瞧，等看清形势再说：在此译作“拭目以待”更恰当。
Section 2：汉译英(40分)
[参照译文]
In recent years，the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of "holiday economics"，giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to spend more savings on travel，shopping and eating out. In ，total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan.
Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP)，and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to ，creating 40 million jobs.
The indirect effects of tourism are even greater，accounting for an estimated US$184 billion of economic activity and contributing to some 54 million jobs. That activity includes significant investment in tourism projects，as well as government travel expenditures on meetings.
China has spent heavily on building roads，railway stations and airports. New airlines and bus companies have emerged，and competition has cut the cost of travel. A one-way air ticket between Shanghai and Beijing costs 850-900 yuan，and cheaper prices are occasionally available. Some airlines have begun online ticketing services，making it even easier to take a holiday. More private cars and the emergence of car rental agencies have allowed millions of people to travel on their own，as well as in tour groups.
[采分点解析]
1． 近年来，中华人民共和国政府倡导国内旅游，履行“假日经济”政策，给公民每年3次为期一周长假，让她们将更多储蓄用于旅游、购物和外出就餐。In recent years，the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of“holiday economics”，giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to spend more savings on travel，shopping and eating out．
[分析] 用词选词采分点。
此句用到意译法；“倡导”在此意义其实是“鼓励”：由于initiate意思为“创使；发起”。国内旅游是早已存在现象，因而本句应用encourage。
“国内旅游”应译为：domestic travel。类似尚有：encourage (stimulate) tourist travel鼓励(刺激)观光旅游。
“假日经济” 为：holiday economics。“将更多储蓄用于旅游、购物和外出就餐”为：spend more savings on travel，shopping and eating out。
2． ，五一节总旅游消费达390亿元人民币。
In ，total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan．
[分析] 用词选词采分点。
此处“五一节”指是“五一长假”，因此应译为：the May Day holidays。
3．目前旅游业收入占国内生产总值2.3%。预测到，旅游收入将每年增长10%，并发明4,000万个就业机会。Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the nation's gross domestic product(GDP)，and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to ，creating 40 million jObs．
[分析] 基本素质采分点。
“旅游业”应译为：tourism(观光旅行；旅游事业，旅游业)。gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值；专有名词要用公认名称来译，类似尚有：gross national product(GNP)国民生产总值。
理解体现采分点。
本句采用是并句技巧，把汉语中四个语言单位合译成英语一种句子，其中最后一种汉语语言单位(并发明4，000万个就业机会)在英语中用分词短语(作随着状语)来体现。
4． 旅游间接效益更大，估计发明了1,840亿美元经济活动，以及5,400万个就业岗位。The indirect effects of tourism are even greater，accounting for an esumatea US$184 billion of economic activity and contributing to some 54 million jobs．
[分析] 理解体现采分点。
本句采用并句技巧，把原文后两个单句译为一对并列分词短语作随着状语：accounting for…and contributing to…
5．新航线和公交公司不断涌现，竞争减少了旅游成本。New airlines and bus companies have emerged，and competition has cut the cost of travel．
[分析] 理解体现采分点。
本句采用并句技巧，把原文两个单句译为一种并列句。