外研版必修一英语形容词副词讲解及练习.doc

形容词与副词用法
姓名____________
一、考点聚焦
1、形容词、副词作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词那么用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；
〔1〕形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
〔2〕表语形容词〔afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等〕作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体安康状况形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad〞。
〔3〕用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some与every构成复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：
I have something important to tell you.
〔4〕else常用作疑问代词与不定代词后置定语。
〔5〕enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。
〔6〕几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
〔7〕频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。
(8) 多个形容词修饰名词时常见顺序：限定词(these,those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小/长短/上下等形体性形容词(large, long,high)+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词
为了方便记忆，有以下口诀：限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。
如：an old brown wooden carpet an expensive red cotton dress
2、形容词与副词比拟等级
〔1〕平级比拟
1. 用as...as..., 〔与...一样〕not...as/so...as...〔不如...〕引导
如：Henry is a worker as good as Peter.=Henry is as good a worker as Peter.
I have seldom seen my mother so pleased with my progress as she is now.
口诀记忆：同级比拟用原形，as...as...用不离，as...as加not，只言两者是同一，假设是not...so...as,后强前弱不看齐。
2. as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+名词+形容词。
如：The building is as tall as 100 meters.=The building is 100 meters tall.
3. 貌似同级比拟构造一些习惯用语：as/so long as 只要， as far as就...而言， as soon as 一...就；as well as 既...又...; as good as=very nearly 与...几乎一样，几乎，简直。
如：I will work as/so long as I live. 只要活着，我就要工作。
As far as I know, he is a reliable person.
She is as good as her word. 她这个人很讲信用。
He has experience as well as knowledge. 〔注意此句翻译顺序〕他既有知识又有经历。
用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as〞构造；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as〞构造；表示一方是另一方假设干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as〞构造。如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
〔2〕比拟级与最高级构成。
掌握比拟级与最高级变化规那么，熟记少数不符合规那么特殊形容词与副词。
〔3〕比拟级用法。
①对方比拟，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比拟级 + than〞构造表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than〞构造表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方程度或数量时，可在比拟级前加表示程度状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英语比拟级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较〞或“…一些〞或不译出，一般不可有“更〞。如：
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比拟级时，一般放在比拟级后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the〞。如：He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方程度而变化时，用“the + 比拟级〔主语 + 谓语〕，the + 比拟级〔主语 + 谓语〕〞构造〔意为“越……越……〞〕。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度改变时，用“比拟级 + and + 比拟级〞构造。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾形容词进展比拟时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior〔劣等，次〕、superior〔较好，优于……〕、junior〔资历较浅〕、senior〔资格较老〕、prior〔在……之前〕等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比拟从句中为了防止重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数与不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。〔A〕A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼四倍大〔高〕。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍〔高三倍〕。〔B〕A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。〔C〕A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们学校比我们学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高级用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级〞构造表示。这种句式一般常有表示比拟范围介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：
This hat is by far/ nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost
③表示“最高程度〞形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比拟级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语名词、代词时，被修饰词往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容词与副词前面使用冠词情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比拟，表示“非常〞。如：
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……一个〞比拟级前加the。如：
who is the older of the tow boys
④在“the + 比拟级…，the + 比拟级…〞构造中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。
〔6〕由as / so组成形容词或副词短语。
① as much as + 不可数名词数量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达
I have as a many as sixteen reference books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as远到；就……而知〔论〕
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know〔就我所知〕，he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……程度，极其
They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。
⑦as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)几组重要词语辨析。
①very 与much区别。
〔A〕表示状态过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。
(B)已转化为形容词现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。
〔C〕too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventure these days. We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.
〔D〕关于原级形容词要记住以下固定修饰构造：
〔a〕修饰绝对意义形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。
〔b〕修饰以a-开头形容词，多有特殊修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。
(c)修饰一些特殊形容词修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 与such … that … 区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a〔n〕+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意：以下构造中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少〞词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小〞时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.以下so用法是错误：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他几组词辨析。
(A)ago、before: ago表示以现在为起点“以前〞；before指以过去或将来某时刻为起点“以前〞。泛指“以前〞用before而不用ago。
(B)already、yet、still: already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进展，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either: too与also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否认句。
(D)good、well:与good不同是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好〞，也作副词修饰动词。
(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快〞。fast多指运动物体，含持续意思。quick多指一次动作敏捷、突然，而且持续时间较短。
(F)real、true:形容词表“真〞。real强调真实存在而不是梦想，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准与实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。
(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难〞，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult那么指智力或技能上困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语与表语。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.〔NMET 2001〕
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
解析：答案为D。此题可从考察形容词同级比拟点入手。在同级比拟as…as句式中，如果as后面形容词作定语且其所修饰名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as〞构造。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。
2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET 2000)
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
解析：答案为D。此题考察副词词义辨析。注意掌握词语准确含义，结合语境进展分析。A项意为“极端地〞；B项意为“自然地〞；C项“根本上〞；D项“尤其，特别地〞。根据句意“如果你不会讲〔它〕语言，在国外你就总会困难重重〞可知答案。
3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
解析：答案为C。此题考察副词比拟级与最高级。要把握句式之间联系，抓住句子隐藏信息，结合语境进展分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White短篇小说与戏剧进展了比照，故应用well比拟级。
英语中容易混淆形容词与副词
形容词用来修饰名词；副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。可是，有时形容词与副词容易混淆。例如“A fast train reached the destination fast〞中第一个“fast〞是形容词，第二个就是副词。此外，有些词既能是形容词，也能是副词，有些词义不变，另些词义不同；有些形容词加上后缀“-ly〞构成副词与原来形容词意思相近，但有一些意义那么相差甚远；更有些形容词，除自己本身能兼而充当副词之外，又可以再加上后缀“-ly〞构成派生副词，假设不小心，容易引起混淆。
　　下面分别举例说明：
　　⑴可作形容词又可作副词，词义不同如：
　　①a. Joelle is a pretty child.〔形容词〕
　　　b. Tom will be back pretty soon.〔副词〕
　　②a. The old man has been ill for some time.〔形容词〕
　　　b. Don’t speak ill of others.〔副词〕
　　⑵既是形容词，也是副词，句子中语法功能不同，但意义一样，如：
　　③a. What a deep ocean it is !〔深〕
　　　b. The boy dug deep into the ground.〔深〕
　　④a. Look at the high mountain!〔高〕
　　　b. Birds fly high in the sky.〔高〕
　　⑶形容词可以充当副词，又可以加上后缀，构成派生副词。在某些场合，两者相近，可以通用〔如例⑤与⑥〕；在另一些场合里，两者意思有异，不可混为一谈〔如例⑦与⑧〕：
　　⑤a. Hold it tight， please!
　　　b. Hold it tightly， please!
　　⑥a. Please read slower.
　　　b. Please read more slowly.
　　⑦a. John came late yesterday.〔迟〕
　　　b. John has been working hard lately.〔最近〕
　　⑧a. Jason works hard.〔努力地〕
　　　b. Susan hardly works.〔几乎不〕
　　⑷有些形容词或副词，同时有多个意思，如：
　　⑨a. Hard labour〔苦工〕
　　　b. Hard times〔困难时代〕
　　⑩a. The baby is fast asleep.〔睡得熟〕
　　　b. Run fast， please!〔 请快跑〕
　　　c. Hold the rope fast!〔紧握绳索〕
　　⑸同词根派生形容词与形容词及分词间，意思虽甚接近，但容易引起混乱，如：
　　11a. The child is sleepy.〔昏昏欲睡〕
　　　b. The child is still asleep.〔还在睡眠中〕
　　　c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child〔睡着〕
　　12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.〔感到寂寞〕
　　　b. Mary was alone in the office last night.〔单独〕
　　13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.〔整夜未眠〕
　　　b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.〔整夜未眠〕
　　　c. What did you do during your waking hours last night〔醒着时刻〕
　　　(a)与(b)意思相近，但(a) awake 只能作补足语；(b) wakeful 那么没有这个局限。(c)里 waking 现在分词与(a)及(b)两个形容词也似同非同，不易随意取代。
高考英语比拟级典型陷阱题分析
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.
A. a better B. a best
C. the better D. the best
【陷阱】容易误选D，认为最高级前要用定冠词。
【分析】其实此题最正确答案为A，该句可视为…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好声音〞。请再看以下类似实例：
He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。
This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真得意，我从未见过这样好看鸟。
比拟以下试题，情形也大致一样：
(1)“I’ve never found a better job.〞 “_______.〞
A. I don’t think so B. Too bad
C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry
答案选C，I’ve never found a better job可视为 I’ve never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意为：我从来没有找到比这份工作更好工作，即这是我所找到最好工作。
(2)“What do you think of the service here〞 “Oh, ______. We couldn’t have found a better place.〞
A. too bad B. sorry
C. wonderful D. impossible
答案选 C。We couldn’t have found a better place 可视为We couldn’t have found a better place than this place，其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好地方〞，即“这是我们所能找到最好地方〞。
(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
答案选B，句意为“……我疑心班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高〞，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高〞。
(4) How cold it is! We’ve never had ______ this winter.
A. the colder day B. a cold day
C. the coldest day D. a colder day
答案选D。句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷日子〞。
2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
【陷阱】容易误选D。
【分析】此题首先不宜选B或D，因为 well known 比拟级与最高级通常是 better known与best known，有时也可以是 more well known 与 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 与 most known。至于是选A还是C，这就要看语境。由于句中涉及只有 stories 与 plays 两个对象，故应选比拟级。
3. You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less
【陷阱】容易误选A。
【分析】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下构造含义：
not more … than = 不如……
no more … than = 与……一样不 (否认两者)
not less … than = 不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容词反面)
no less … than = 与……一样 (肯定两者)
比拟以下各句意思：
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。
You are no more careful than he is. 你与他一样不仔细。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细〔你比他粗心〕。
You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细〔你不如他粗心〕。
You are no less careful than he is. 你与他一样仔细。
通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知此题最正确答案为B。
4. “Oh, how fat he is!〞 “But I think he is ____ than fat.〞
A. short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest
【陷阱】容易误选B。认为 short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比拟级。
【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比拟句型两种不同类型说起：
(1) 异类同质比拟：即指两个不同人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进展比拟。如：
My room is smaller than yours. 我房间比你小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们国家比他们国家更强大。
(2) 同类异质比拟：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同方面(异质)进展比拟，这类句子常译为“(更多)是……，而不是〞、“与其……不如……〞等。如：
He was more lucky than clever. 他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。
She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多是惊讶而不是生气。
This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。
按英语习惯，在进展同类异质比拟时，只能用more构成比拟级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。
比拟级与最高级常用句型
名称 句型 例句
相等 as 原形 as 　　 (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.　He has not as much money as his friend.
不及 not as(so) 原形 as 　　(not as[so ]+名词+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.
比拟级+ than Health is more important than wealth.
超越 the +比拟级+of the two　　两者中较… 一个 He is the taller of the two.
用于否认 no +比拟级+than 　　与…一样不 He is no richer than I.　　他与我一样不富有。
用于否认 最…不过 His work couldn't be worse.　　他工作再糟糕不过了。
程度递增 er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…) higher and higher more and more important
两种情况同时变化 the +比拟级，the+比拟级　　〔越…，越…〕 The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.
三者或三者以上比拟 the +最高级+of/in+比拟范围　　〔…之中最…〕 Of all things in the world, people are the precious.
比拟级构造修饰语
　　1．用于原级之前：
　　almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice, three times , a third, etc.
　　John is almost as tall as you.
　　The river is three times as long as that one.
　　We have a third as many students as we had last term.
　　2．用于比拟级前
　　many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前)
　　It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
　　a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent, three times etc.
　　It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.
　　We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.
　　3．用于形容词与最高级前
　　the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second
　　This hat is by far the largest in the world.
　　Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .
四、形容词比拟等级
1.形容词原级用法
形容词原级常用于"as…as"及"not as(so)…as"两种句型中.
(1)句型"as…as",表示两者相比拟,程度一样.例如:
The old man walks as fast as a young man.
这位老人走路与年轻人一样快.
Science is as important as maths.
自然科学与数学一样重要.
This coat is as expensive as that one.
这件上衣与那件一样贵.
(2)句型"not as(so)…as",表示两者相比拟,前者不如后者.例如:
I'm not as tall as Jack. 我没有杰克高.
She doesn't run so fast as I. 她没有我跑得快.
This warship is not so big as that one.
这艘军舰没有那艘大.
同级比拟歌诀
同级比拟用原级,as…as不别离;
假设是否认加not, as…as否前者.
(3)在使用"as…as"与"not as(so)…as" 构造时,应该特别注意"as…as"或"not as(so)as…"中间形容词必须是原级.例如:
(正)Today is as warm as yesterday.
(误)Today is as warmer as yesterday.
(正)I'm not so careful as my brother.
(误)I'm