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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 5 Nelson Mandela,语言知识点与利用,第1页,第1页,Language points for reading I,第2页,第2页,Ex.1 of Learning about Language,Alternative expressions,Words and expressions from the text,group of people organized for a special purpose,feel hopeless,lose ones job,brave man,In fact,league,lose heart,out of work,hero,as a matter of fact,Word-consolidation-I(2m),第3页,第3页,have some difficult problems,be taken to prison,some time,be ready to,money paid for going to school,tell somebody what to do,go on,in trouble,put in prison,period,willing,fees,advise,continue,第4页,第4页,always doing new things,what people to in a war,a yellow metal for making a ring,agree to take,go against a law,quiet and calm,active,fight,gold,accept,break the law,peaceful,第5页,第5页,Find out all the attributive clauses led by“whenb”in Reading and conclude the rules.,Line 2,:The,time,when,I first met Nelson Mendela was a very difficult period of my life,Line 12,:This was,a time,when,one had got to have a passbook to live in Jonnesburg,Line 15,:,The day,when,Nelson when Nelson Mandela helped was one of my happiest.,关系副词when引导定语从句,当先行词是表示,时间,名词且从句中缺,状语,时，定语从句需要用when引导。,比如,I will never forget the day,when,I joined the army.,Function-II-practice(3m),第6页,第6页,引导定语从句when也能够转换成,“介词which”,形式。,比如：,All the Chinese will forever remember the date,when on which,the Red Five star Flag was raised in Hong Kong,当表示时间先行词在从句中不作状语，而作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词,that,或,which,引导定语从句，而不是用,when,。,比如：,I will never forget the days,that/which,I spent with your family.,第7页,第7页,题1Could you suggest a time it would fit you to visit us,题2.Think of a time you were happiest,题3.There was a time all scientists were willing to share their results,A that B when C which D where,第8页,第8页,Find out all the attributive clauses led by“when”in Reading and conclude the rules.,Line 9:The school,where,I studied for only two years was three kilometres away,Line 20,:a stage,where,we have almost no rights at all,Line 22:The parts of town,in which/where,Line 23:The places outside the town,where/in which,Line 25,:a position,in,which,第9页,第9页,关系副词,where,引导定语从句,当先行词是,表示地点名词,，同时,从句中缺状语时,，定语从句需要用关系副词,where,引导。通常where大都能够转换成“,介词which,”形式,注意：where不在从句中作主语或宾语,。,What is the name of the town,where,we stayed last night?,Think of a place,where,we can go for dinner.,Please leave the book at the place,where,it was.,比较：Please leave the book,where,it was.,Grammar-I(3m),第10页,第10页,另外，,case,condition situation,position,(尚有,point,job,activity),等表示“情况“名词也可接where 从句.这种使用办法where 相称于,under/in which,意为”在这种情况下”,There are some,cases where,this rule doesnt work.,He had to face the,conditions where,pressure was heavy,They are in a difficult,situation where,all efforts seemed useless.,We have come to a,point where,some changes have to be made.,第11页,第11页,Today,well discuss a number of cases_,beginners of English cant use the language properly.07 陕西,A.which B.as C.whyD.where,Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）,A.where B.that C.when D.which,I have reached a point in my life,I am supposed to make decisions of my own.,A whichB where Chow D why,第12页,第12页,After graduation she reached a point in her life,_,she needed to decide what to do.07 江西,A.that B.what C.which D.where,Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.07天津,A.when B.whose C.which D.where,第13页,第13页,当从句中不缺状语，而缺主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词,that,或,which,引导定语从句，而不是用,where,。试比较：,Do you have anything to say for yourselves?（06江西）,Yes，theres one point _ we must insist on,Awhy Bwhere Chow D/,第14页,第14页,3.,why(=for which)表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句并在从句中做,原因状语,且可省略。,I dont know the reason,why,(=for which),he left here.,This is the reason,why,(=for which)he cried.,比较：The teacher was surprised at the reason(that/which)he explained for being late.,第15页,第15页,4.That作关系副词引导定语从句,常修饰先行词way和reason,这时that 分别相称于,in which,和,for which,(,why),在从句中作状语,经常省略。,The,way(that=in which),he spoke amused us all.,We first broke the law in a,way which=that,is peaceful(可省吗？）,The,reason(that=for which),he died was lack of medical care.,The reason,(that=which),he explained is not convincible(可使信服),第16页,第16页,What especially impressed us was the way _ our teacher studied foreign language.,A./B.which,C.by which D.what,What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.,A.the way B.in the way that,C.in the way D.the way which,第17页,第17页,5.,“介词+关系代词”型定语从句,Mandela was a lawyer,to whom,I went for advice,He was generous with his time,for which,I was grateful,The parts of town,in which,they had to live were decided by white people.,We were put into a position,in which,we had to accept we were less important.,第18页,第18页,介词选择依据：,依据先行词来选取介词,。,He will never forget the,day on,which he came to Beijing.The,reason fo,r which I came here is that I want to get your help,.,依据从句中谓语动词或形容词来选取介词。,The fellow,to,whom I,spoke,made no answer at first.,The West Lake,for which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.,The dog,of,which she used to,be afraid,is her favorite animal now.,依据“介词+which/whom”在定从中作用和含义而定.,This is the ship,in which,my son works.,This is the ship,by which,I went to Shanghai.,第19页,第19页,表中所列关系词除that外都可引导非限定定从。as 与which引导非限制性定语从句,能够用,整个主句,作为其先行词，指代上面或下文所说一件事.,as从句能够前置,位于中间，或后置。（而,which,从句不可放句首）。,As you know,this is the day the quake happened thirty years ago.(unit4 p30),She is very patient,as is shown in her work.,This kind of computer,as is well known,is out of date.,The boy knows three languages,which surprise all the people,第20页,第20页,As（关系代词）引导定语从句.,在从句中做主、宾语。惯用于四种结构,suchas the sameas,soas,asas中。,第21页,第21页,Such,people,as,were praised were all brave.,Such,books,as,I have read are classic works.,I have never seen,such,a talented young man,as,he is.,Id like to use,the same,tool,as,is used here.（如用that 则表示同类同一）,He was asked,so,difficult a question,as,he had never met with.,He is,as,great a painter,as,ever lived,第22页,第22页,These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.,A.like B.as C.that D.which (00春上海),.-Are his songs wonderful?,-Certainly.Ive never heard such good songs _ he sings.,A.as B.like C.which D.that,第23页,第23页,.Can you solve such problems _ were raised by the audience?,whatB.asC.thatD.which,.Dont trust such men _ over praise you to your face.,A.as B.that C.who D.which,第24页,第24页,As 引导非限定性定语从句,书本中例句,As you know,this is the day the quake happened thirty years ago.(unit4),as引导从句表示说话人对话语见解、态度、解释或评论，表示“正如、象、”，常与动词see,know,hear,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess搭配；或用于固定词组：,as is often the case,(情况经常如此)；,as often happens,(这种情况经常发生)；,as has been pointed out,(正如已经指出)；,as is reported,（正如所报道那样,第25页,第25页,1:(01)_ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.,A.It B.As C.That D.What,2:(99上海)_is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.,A.Which B.As C .That D.It,3:._is known to all,China will be an_and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.,A.That;advancing B.This;advanced,C.As;advanced D.It;advancing,第26页,第26页,一些动词(,see,find,witness,等)主语有时不是人而是物,即,拟人使用办法,使句子生动。,1)This old house has,seen,good days.,2)Dusk(傍晚),found,a boy crying in the street.,17.The last thirty years have,seen,the greatest number of,第27页,第27页,3)Oct 1,1949,saw/witnessed,the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.,第28页,第28页,18.until today we have reached a stage,where,we have almost no rights at all.,考点,定语从句中关系副词where使用办法,考例,Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.(天津),A.when B.whose,C.which D.where,第29页,第29页,点拨,题意为“那些成功聋人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为主要活动”。先行词activity后跟定语从句，从句中where作地点状语，意为“在那种活动中，在那种情况或场合下”。,第30页,第30页,19.The parts of town,in which,they had to live were decided by white people.,考点,定语从句中in+which使用办法。,考例,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.,A.that B.by which,C.which D.in which,第31页,第31页,点拨,由四个选项可知空格处应填入定语从句引导词。定语从句意为：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene，因此应选D项。,第32页,第32页,20.put sb.in(into)prison,把关进监狱,be sent to prison,(被送进监狱),be in prison,(在监狱里),be thrown into prison,(被投入监狱),break prison,(越狱),prison表示蹲监狱时,其前不用冠词,throw sb.into prison=send/take sb.to prison,第33页,第33页,He had,been in prison,for 20 years.,The man,was put in prison,for stealing a car.,Anyone who breaks the law should,be thrown into prison.,They all went to,the,prison to visit the prisoners.,类似:bed,church,class,college,hospital,school,university,market,第34页,第34页,21.either.or.,(两者之中)或(之一),You may stay,either,in a hotel,or,in a private house.,I want to visit,either,Paris,or,London.,Either,you,or,I,am,wrong.,Either,of the boys like,s,singing.,Either,day,is,OK.,第35页,第35页,neithernor,He has,neither,money,nor,social position.,Neither,parent care,s,what happens to the child.,Neither,of the boys like,s,to play such a game.,bothand,Both he and I,are,wrong.,Both of the boys like singing.,第36页,第36页,accept,(接受)表示主观上愿意接受。,receive,(收到,得到),表示客观收到,还不能断定是否接受。,I,received,his letter of invitation,but I didnt,accept,it.,22.accept 与 receive区别：,第37页,第37页,accept,还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”,He asked her to marry him and she,accepted,.,receive,还表示“接待”、“接受”、“欢迎”,She was,received,into the club.,第38页,第38页,-Have you_ the invitation to the party?,-Yes,I have.And Ive _it.A.accepted,received B.received,accepted C.received,received D.accepted,accepted,第39页,第39页,23.attack,vt.,1).攻打,袭击,The enemy attacked our airport all night.,敌人彻夜都在袭击我们机场。,第40页,第40页,2).(努力地)着手干,He tried to attack the problem from different angles.,他试着从各个角度来着手处理这个问题.,第41页,第41页,24.as a matter of fact 事实上,As a matter of fact,Ive never been there before.事实上我从未到过那儿。,第42页,第42页,25.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people,equal,.,考点,equal相等、平等,考例,Fitness is important in sport,but of at least _ importance are skills.,(天津),A.fair B.reasonable,C.equal,D.proper,第43页,第43页,点拨,本题考察形容词作定语使用办法。注意:but后分句为倒装句,正常语序为.but skills are of at least _ importance。事实上是把skills和fitness作对比，强调两者同等主要（equal importance）。句意为“即使健康体格是从事体育运动主要条件，但是掌握技能至少也是同等主要”。,第44页,第44页,26.in trouble处于困境,与 get into trouble意思相近。,He is a kind friend to everyone in trouble.他是每一个患难人好朋友.,第45页,第45页,27.be willing to do sth.愿意干某事,willing,adj,.愿意,愿意,They are willing to come.,他们愿意来。,第46页,第46页,28.turn to 求援于;转向,We can,turn to,him for help.,我们能够求援于他。,第47页,第47页,turn to还能够相称于一个不及物动词，意为“努力干，加劲干”。,拓展,常见含turn其它短语：,turn down 拒不接受;把(音量等)调低,turn off 关上,turn on 打开,turn up 出现,第48页,第48页,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能够填入空白处最佳选项。,1.I always _ Frank whenever I am in trouble here.,A.turn offB.turn to,C.turn downD.turn on,2.He was poor but proud,and _ every offer of help.,A.turned on B.turned to,C.turned off D.turned down,B,D,第49页,第49页,3.Father is sleeping in the next room.Would you please _ the radio?,A.turn off B.turn to,C.turn up D.turn on,A,第50页,第50页,I.用所给词组适当形式填空。（有多出选项）,out of work;as a matter of fact;blow up;in trouble;break the law;be willing to;turn to;put in prison;be far from,1.The little girl _ a balloon and threw it into the air.,2.The post office is not _ the library,so you can go to the library after posting the letters.,blew up,far from,练习,第51页,第51页,3.When I am _,I always ask my friends for help.,4.Mary has been _ for three months,and she is looking for a new job.,5.With no one to _ in the dark street,I felt very frightened.,6.Dont ask me about the matter._,I know nothing about it.,in trouble,out of work,turn to,As a matter of fact,第52页,第52页,7.He was _ for attacking a man with a knife.,8.I told them that I _ help them finish the difficult task.,was willing to,put in prison,第53页,第53页,II.依据括号内所给提醒翻译下列句子。,女孩应当与男孩同样享受平等受教育权利。(equal),2.吉姆在公园遭到了一名男子袭击，幸运是，他没有受伤。(attack),Girls should enjoy equal rights to be educated as boys.,Jim was attacked by a man in the park.Luckily,he wasnt injured.,第54页,第54页,3.在过去十年里中国农村发生了巨大改变。(sth.see.),The last/past ten years have seen great changes happening in the countryside of China.,第55页,第55页,Translation on Page 70,1.,As a matter of fact,parents dont want their children to be,in trouble,.,2.After Mandela,came to power,and became,president,his government did their best to change the,unfair,situation for black people.,第56页,第56页,3.Robert,was sentenced,to three years in prison for stealing and,released,a month ago.,第57页,第57页,4.He,begged,me to let him join the club we have just,set up.,5.As they were,out of work,Mr and Mrs Black had to,turn to,their,relatives,for help.,第58页,第58页,6.John wanted to give 100 yuan as a,reward,to the taxi driver who had found his,wallet.,7.If you fail,you shouldnt,lose heart,but just keep on going.,8.After the,attack,her eyes filled with,terror,every time she saw a dog.,第59页,第59页,1).为那些碰到麻烦穷苦人提供征询服务,2).开始上学,3).三公里远,4).继续支付学费,5).紧张我是否会失业,Homework,1.Translate the following phrases or sentences into English:,第60页,第60页,6).过去三十年,7).接受低人一等事实,8).只有这时我们才决定用暴力对抗暴力。,9).事实上,10).被监禁,11).炸毁一些政府大楼,12).这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等梦想。,第61页,第61页,2.P71.Using structures EX.2,第62页,第62页,2.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we,should have been asleep,.,在午餐休息时间和晚上我们本应当睡觉时候他专家我们。,should do&should have done,He should have come earlier.,You should come earlier tomorrow.,You should have written to your mother.,My teacher said I should study harder.,I should have studied harder when I was young.,第63页,第63页,should do,表示应当做，普通指现在或未来动作，指过去动作时应站在过去角度。,should have done,表示本应当做而没有做。站在现在角度上评说过去事情。,第64页,第64页,asleep,sleep&sleepy,-Is he still,sleeping,?,-Yes,he is fast,asleep,.,I was too,sleepy,to hear the end of her talk.,I usually,sleep,seven hours a day.,asleep,是表语形容词，意为“睡着”。,sleep,是动词或名词，意为“睡觉”。,sleepy,是形容词，意为“打盹”。,第65页,第65页,3.As they were not cleverer than me,but,did pass,their exam,I knew I could get a degree too.,由于他们不如我聪明而又确实通过了考试，我知道我也能取得学位。,did pass,为强调结构，强调谓语动词时，在动词原行前加,do,does,did,.,Do,be careful!,I,do,hope you have a merry Christmas!,He,does,speak English well!,第66页,第66页,4.I did not work for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC,came to power,in 1993.,come to power,=come into power,执政,in power,当权，执政,Things have changed a lot since he,came to power,.,How long has he been,in power,?,第67页,第67页,5.All the,terror,and,fear,of that time came back to me.,terror,n.,恐怖，可怕人或事,The murder was a,terror,to the people in the town.,fear,n.,恐惊，可怕,vt.,恐惊，胆怯,+n./to do/that,Do you,fear,death?,She,fears,to speak in our presence.,I,fear,that we cant protect ourselves.,for fear of&for fear that,紧张,He left an hour earlier,for fear of,missing the train.,She worried,for fear that,the child would be hurt.,第68页,第68页,6.I remembered the,beatings,and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died and I felt I would not be able to do it.,beating,n.,打、输,They gave him a good,beating,.,They gave our team quite a,beating,.,beat,n.,敲击，跳动,We heard the,beat,of a drum.,Can you hear the,beat,of my heart?,第69页,第69页,7.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government was my,reward,after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.,reward,n.,报酬，奖金,He worked hard but without much,reward,.,in reward,作为报酬,She got nothing,in reward,f
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