英语字母读音细则带音标.doc

英语国际音标表

一、英语字母发音表
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:]
F f [ef] G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei]
K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [əu]
P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:]
U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′dʌblju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai]
Z z [zi:]

二、 英语国际音标表 （48个）
元音（20个）
长元音
/ɑ:/
/ɔ:/
/ ə:/
/i:/
/u:/

短元音
/ ʌ/
/ɔ /
/ə/
/ɪ/
/ʊ/
/e/
/æ/
双元音
/eɪ/
/aɪ/
/ɔɪ/
/ɪə/
/eə/
/ʊə/

/əʊ/
/aʊ/

辅音（28个）
轻辅音
/p/
/ t/
/ k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
轻辅音
/ʃ/
/ h/
/ts/
/tʃ/
/tr/

浊辅音
/ʒ/
/ r/
/dz/
/dʒ/
/dr/

鼻 音
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/

半元音
/ j/
/ w/

边 音
/ ǀ/

三、什么叫音节？
音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ŋ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。
四、如何划分音节？
①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
　　　短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er
五、什么是重读音节？
重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
六、什么叫开音节？
开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。
①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no she so hi
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse.
七、什么叫闭音节？
单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup
八、英语单词拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a 在开音节中 [ei ] name plane Jane baby cake date
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese be she
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [əʊ] those close go note home no
在闭音节中 [ ɔ] clock not box shop shock hot
u 在开音节中 [ju:] excuse duty tune cute fume huge
在闭音节中 [ ʌ] bus cup jump much lunch nut
2. 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 (有以下几种读音，列表如下)
a [ə] China ['tʃainə] another [ə'nʌðə] woman ['wumən] breakfast ['brekfəst]
[i] orange ['ɔrindʒ] comrade['kɔmrid] village['vilidʒ] cabbage ['kæbidʒ]
e [ə] hundred ['hʌndrəd] student ['stju:dənt] open ['əupən] children ['tʃildrən]
[i] chicken['tʃikin] pocket ['pɔkit] begin [bi'ɡin] semester[si'mestə]
i [ə] holiday['hɔlədi] beautiful['bju:ti/əful] family['fæmə/ili] animal ['æni/əməl]
[ai] exercise['eksəsaiz] satellite ['sætəlait]
o [ə] second ['sekənd] tonight [tə'nait] welcome['welkəm]
[ əu] also['ɔ:lsəu] zero['ziərəu, 'zi:rəu] photo ['fəutəu]
u [ ə] autumn ['ɔ:təm] difficult['difikəlt] support [sə'pɔ:t]
[ju] popular ['pɔpjulə] January['dʒænjuəri]
3.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a在[w]音后面读 [ ɔ] want[wɔnt] what[wɒt] watch[wɒtʃ]
wash[wɒʃ] quality ['kwɒlətɪ]
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前读 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i 在-nd -ld -gh前读 [ai] find bind mind child mild light high fight
o在-st -ld前读 [əu] most host postcard old cold sold hold
o在m n v th前读 [ ʌ] come monkey love mother
4. -r音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音
ar [ɑ:] car farm dark sharp large
ar在[w]音后面读[ ɔ:] warm quarter ['kwɔ:tə] toward [tə'wɔ:d]
or[ɔ:] forty morning short sport north
or在[w]音后面读[ ə:] word worker worse world worm
er ir ur [ ə:] certainly['sə:tənli] term bird sir Thursday nurse
5. -re音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音
are [εə ] care dare hare pare bare ware
ere [iə ] here mere sere
ire [aiə ] fire hire wire tire dire sire
ore [ ɔ:] more score before pore
ure [juə ] pure cure lure
6. 元音字母在重读音节中的读音
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play way say
air [εə] air hair chair pair repair fair
a l [ɔ:l] small ball talk wall all always also salt almost
al 在f ，m前 [ɑ:] half calm palm balm
au/aw [ɔ:] autumn daughter draw saw paw raw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please seat reach
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great steak
ear [iə] hear dear near clear year sear tear
[εə ] bear pear wear swear
[ə:] earth learn early pearl search
ee [i:] eep [医][=end exhalation period]呼气末期
week green three tree need
eer [iə ] pioneer deer beer peer veer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they ley
[i:] either key
ew [ju:] new few newspaper pew[pju:]座位，教堂长椅 mew[mju:] 猫叫
在j l r 后 [u:] flew brew crew drew jewelry ['dʒu:əlrɪ] 珠宝，首饰
oa [əu] oat[əʊt] 燕麦 Joan boat goal coat coal
oar/oor [ɔ:] roar board aboard abroad blackboard door floor
moor[mɔ:(r)] 沼泽
oi/oy [ɔi ] noise point coin moist toilet boy toy soy joyful
oo I.重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。too(太;也),zoo(动物园),room(房间) 等;
II. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, s前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学
校),soon(不久),goose(鹅)等。 有一个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);
III. 在字母t前的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿),
特例词:foot[u](脚);
IV. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),
特例词:food[u:](食物);
V. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。
如:bedroom(卧室), classroom(教室)等;
VI. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[ʌ]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.

ou/ow [au] flower house count down mouth mountain allow sound brow
[əu] know row throw though follow below
[ ʌ] young country enough tough
[u:] group soup

our [ɔ:] course your four pour
[auə ] our hour ours sour
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i]/ [jui]/[u:i] tuition学费，教学[tju:'iʃən] suicide['sjuisaid]
fluid 液体[flu(:)id]
[u:] juice fruit suit
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [əu] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [ʃən] impression[im'preʃən] congressional [kənˈgreʃənl] 国会
nation emotion
-sion在元音字母后 [ʒən] vision['viʒən] decision occasion confusion [kən'fju:ʒən]
-tion在s后 [tʃən] question['kwestʃən] suggestion [səɡ'dʒestʃən]
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle ['wɪsl]
-sure [ʒə] pleasure measure treasure leisure ['leʒə(r)]
-ture [tʃə] picture culture future lecture
8、辅音字母的读音
b [b] bike[baɪk] bus [bʌs] bag[bæɡ] Bible ['baɪbl]
在 m后不发音 [/] bomb[bɒm] tomb [tu:m] comb[kəʊm]
c [k] cake [keɪk] picture ['pɪktʃə(r)] coat[kəʊt] music ['mju:zɪk]
c在e前或在i/y前[s] face[feɪs] decide[dɪ'saɪd] cinema['sɪnəmə]
cycle['saɪkl] piece[pi:s]
ch [tʃ ] much [mʌtʃ] chick [tʃɪk] rich[rɪtʃ] teacher ['ti:tʃə(r)] check [tʃek]
watch[wɒtʃ] catch [kætʃ] China['tʃaɪnə]
[k] school[sku:l] headache[ˈhedeɪk] chemistry['kemɪstrɪ]
technology [tek'nɒlədʒɪ]
[ʃ] machine [mə'ʃi:n] Chicago [ʃi'kɑ:ɡəu]
-ck [k] cock [kɒk] pocket['pɒkɪt] black[blæk] knock [nɒk]
d [d] doctor[ˈkwɒntəti] bread[bred] hand[hænd] day[deɪ]
-dge [dʒ] bridge [brɪdʒ] fridge[frɪdʒ] knowledge [ˈnɒlɪdʒ] edge[edʒ]
dr- [dr] children ['tʃɪldrən] driver ['draɪvə(r)] drink[drɪŋk] drama['drɑ:mə]
draw[drɔ:]
f [f] five [faɪv] four[fɔ:(r)] breakfast ['brekfəst] frustrate[frʌ'streɪt]
g g在e /i /y前 [dʒ] general['dʒenrəl] manage ['mænɪdʒ] managing ['mænɪdʒɪŋ]
gym[dʒɪm]健身房 gyp [dʒɪp]大学校工
在a, o , 前 [g] bag [bæɡ] garden ['ɡɑ:dn] guide[ɡaɪd] gold[ɡəʊld] go[ɡəʊ]
gh [f] cough[kɒf] enough [ɪ'nʌf] rough[rʌf] laugh[lɑ:f] tough[tʌf]
有时不发音 [/] light [laɪt] daughter [ˈdɔ:tə(r)] high[haɪ] fight[faɪt]
sight[saɪt] 视野
gu- /-gue [g] guess[ɡes] league[li:ɡ] 联盟，社团 dialogue['daɪəlɒɡ]
guitar[gɪˈtɑ:(r)] guide[ɡaɪd]
h [h] head[hed] house[haus] hand[hænd] hot[hɒt]
hundred['hʌndrəd]
在o前面有时不发音 [/] hour['aʊə(r)] honest[ˈɒnɪst] honor['ɒnə(r)]
j [dʒ] jeep [dʒi:p] jar [dʒɑ:(r)] joke[dʒəʊk] join[dʒɔɪn]
July[dʒuˈlaɪ] jam[dʒæm]
k [k] kind[kaɪnd] bike[baɪk] skate[skeɪt] make[meɪk] week[wi:k]
kn- [n] knife[naɪf] know[nəʊ] knock[nɒk] knew [nju:]
l [l] life [laɪf] milk [mɪlk] school [sku:l] tall[tɔ:l]
m [m] monkey['mʌŋkɪ] come[kʌm] example [ɪgˈzɑ:mpl]
-mn [m] autumn[ˈɔ:təm] column[ˈkɔləm] solemn [ˈsɔləm]
n [n] not [nɒt] shine [ʃaɪn] ten[ten] note[nəʊt]
在[k] 音前[ŋ] uncle['ʌŋkl] thank[θæŋk] think[θɪŋk] angry['æŋɡrɪ]
hungry ['hʌŋɡrɪ]
-ng [ŋ] morning['mɔ:nɪŋ] young[jʌŋ] wrong [rɒŋ]
p [p] paper ['peɪpə(r)] plane[pleɪn] pig[pɪɡ] ship[ʃɪp] pen[pen]
sharp[ʃɑ:p]
ph [f] elephant['elɪfənt] photo['fəʊtəʊ] telephone ['telɪfəʊn] physical [ˈfɪzɪkl]
q [k] Iraq[ɪ'rɑ:k] Qatar ['kʌtɑ:(r)] n 卡塔尔
qu- quality ['kwɒlətɪ] quite[kwait] quarrel 争吵[ˈkwɔrəl]
quantity [ˈkwɔntiti] square[skwɛə]
-que [k] cheque[tʃek]
r [r] red[red] rubber [ˈrʌbə] ruler [ˈru:lə]
s 在词首或清辅音前 [s] muscle['mʌsl] science ['saɪəns]
sleep[sli:p] desk [desk] sister[ˈsistə]
元音字母间或浊辅音前，在元音字母u后面多数情况下读[z]
music['mju:zɪk] husband['hʌzbənd] business[ˈbɪznəs] excuse[ɪk'skju:s]
refuse[rɪ'fju:z] 拒绝
sh [ʃ] finish ['fɪnɪʃ] wash[wɒʃ] fish [fɪʃ] shirt[ʃə:t] shock[ʃɒk]
t 在通常情况下， [t] ten[ten] letter['letə(r)] meet[mi:t]
在弱读字母ia ie io前[ ʃ] patient ['peiʃənt] nation ['neiʃən] retia['ri:ti, 'rei--ʃiə]
tch [tʃ] watch [wɒtʃ] catch [kætʃ] match [mætʃ] fetch[fetʃ]
th 在通常情况下 [θ] three [θri:] bath[bɑ:θ] think[θɪŋk]
math[mæθ] thirteen[ˌθɜ:'ti:n]
在冠词、代词、介词和连词中[ð] the[ðə] those[ðəʊz] with [wɪð]
though [ðəu] then [ðen]
在词尾-the和-ther中 [ð] mother['mʌðə(r)] father ['fɑ:ðə(r)] clothe[kləʊð]
tr- [tr] tree [tri:] train[treɪn] country[ˈkʌntri] truck [trʌk]
v [v] very['verɪ] voice[vɔɪs] love [lʌv] leave[li:v]
w [w] week[wi:k] win[wɪn] wake[weɪk] sweet[swi:t] wait[weɪt]
不发音 [/] answer['ɑ:nsə(r)] two[tu:]
wh- 在字母o前 [h] who[hu:] whose [hu:z] whole [həul]
其他 [w] what[wɒt] when[wen] white[waɪt] why[waɪ]
x [ks] box[bɒks] text[tekst] exercise['eksəsaɪz]
express['eksəsaɪz]
在重读元音前[gz] example[ɪgˈzɑ:mpl] exist[ɪɡ'zɪst] exact[ɪɡ'zækt]
y- [j] yes [jes] yard[jɑ:d] yellow['jeləʊ] young[jʌŋ]
z [z] puzzle ['pʌzl] zero['zɪərəʊ] zoo [zu:]
ts [ts] cats[kæts] lots[lɒts] pets [pets] boots[bu:ts]
ds [dz] beds [bedz] kids[kidz] deeds[di:dz] 行为

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