考点11-现在分词主要用法-高考重点词汇积累-长难句分析-2024年新高二英语暑假(原卷版).docx

考点11 现在分词主要用法+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析

核心考点梳理

一、 高考重点词汇积累
核心单词
1.manner n.　　　　 方式，态度，举止
2.marriage n. 结婚，婚姻
3.master vt. 精通，掌握
4.masterpiece n. 代表作
5.match vt. 使相配，使成对
n. 比赛，竞赛；火柴
6.material n. 原料，材料
7.matter n. 要紧事，要紧， 事情；问题
vi. 要紧，有重大关系
8.mature adj. 成熟的
9.measure v. 测量
　　　n. 措施
10.media n. 大众传播媒介
11.memorial n. 纪念馆；纪念碑
12.memorize v. 记忆
13.mental adj. 精神的，脑力的
14.mention vt. 提到，说起；提及
15.merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的
16.message n. 消息，音信
17.microcomputer n. 微机
18.mineral n. 矿物质，矿物
19.minority n. 少数；少数民族
20.mistake n. 错误
　　　vt. 弄错
21.misunderstand vt. 误会；不理解
22.mixture n. 混合物
23.modern adj. 现代的
24.modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的
25.monitor n. 班长；监视器
　　　vt. 监视
重点短语
in case　　　　　　 以防，万一
in the case of 至于，在……的情况下
in case of 万一；如果发生
in this case 既然这样，如果这样
in no case 决不
in advance 提前
in particular 尤其，特别
in vain 白费力气，枉费心机
in reality 实际上
in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地
in the form of... 以……的形式
in the direction of... 朝……方向
in the hope of... 怀着……的希望
in surprise 惊奇地
take...by surprise 使……吃惊
to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
in turn 依次；轮流；反过来；转而
in return 作为回报；作为报答
in return for 作为……的交换；作为……的报答
in reward 回报，报答
in exchange for 交换，调换

二、高考阅读理解长难句分析
46. In the fall of 1985, I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Super Court bench Somewhere.
【句式翻译】1985年的秋天，我是一个有着明亮眼睛的女孩，要去哈佛大学学习，目的是从事法律工作并梦想着坐在某处最高法院的法官席上。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，heading off…, aiming at…和dreaming of…是并列的定语，sitting on …作介词of的宾语。
【词语点拨】1）head v.朝……行进；前进（后面常接介词for或to/towards等）
Where are you heading for? 你要到哪儿去?
Our ship made head against the wind and waves.
我们的船顶着风浪前进。
2）aim v. 目的在于；瞄准；针对 n.目的；目标
Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth.
企业必须以长期增长为目标。
The new measures are aimed at protecting the environment.
新措施旨在保护环境。
I aim to be a policeman when I leave school.
我打算中学毕业以后当警察。
The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions.
该节庆日的目的在于增强人们对印度文化和传统的认识。
【语法点拨】1）现在分词作定语, 具体用法参见第35句。
2）doing作宾语，具体用法参见第31句。
47. Some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter doesn’t attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using color, line and shape to represent them.
【句式翻译】有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。
【句式分析】本句是复合句, doesn’t attempt to和concentrates on是并列谓语， as在句中引导状语从句，using color…作状语。
【词语点拨】concentrate vi. 专心于；集中
You should concentrate on the road when you’re driving.
开车时注意力应集中在路上。
When working, one should concentrate and not allow oneself to be distracted.
工作时要集中精力，不要分心。
【语法点拨】现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。
48. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I’m not alone in my opinion.
【句式翻译】根据我的经验，慢跑是最被人高估的运动形式，从退出我们的慢跑大军的人数判断，不只是我有这种观点。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，who引导限制性定语从句，修饰the people，Based on my experience和judging from作状语，jogging作主语。
【词语点拨】1）base v. 基于；把……建立在 n. 基础；基地
We must base ourselves on the interests of the people.
我们一定要从人民的利益出发。
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践,反过来理论又为实践服务。
Knowledge is the important base of teacher's specialization.
知识是教师专业化的重要基础和前提条件。
Shanghai is the most important industrial base of China.
上海是中国最重要的工业基地。
2）alone adj.单独的，独自的
I want to have a talk with him alone.
我要和他单独谈一谈。
He doesn’t feel lonely when he is left alone.
在只剩下他一个的时候，他并不感到孤独。
3）judging from/by从……判断
Judging from his accent, he must be from Hunan.
从他的口音判断, 他一定是湖南人.
Judging by the sound of his voice, the man couldn't be very young.
听声音, 那人已不太年轻。
【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。
2）过去分词作状语，具体用法参见第41句。
3）doing作主语，具体用法参见第29句。
49. She retired from diving after Atlanta and went to study economics at university. While there she decided to make a comeback and went on to compete at the Sydney Olympic Games, where she won her fourth Olympic gold, again making Olympic history.
【句式翻译】在亚特兰大之后，伏明霞退役，到大学里学习经济。读书期间，她决定复出参加悉尼奥运会，并且获得了自己的第四枚奥运金牌，再次改写了奥运会历史。
【句式分析】While在句中引导省略的时间状语从句，where引导非限制定语从句，修饰the Sydney Olympic Games，to make和to compete作宾语，making作结果状语。
【词语点拨】compete v.竞争；参加比赛
He at last got a chance to compete in the Olympics.
他终于获得了参加奥运会比赛的机会。
These products are of high quality and able to compete internationally.
这些产品品质很好，在国际市场上有竞争能力。
【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语 2）不定式to do作宾语
50. With more than three children, for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’ 10 hours.
【句式翻译】比如说，如果孩子数量超过三个，妻子们每周做家务的时间会增加到28个小时，而丈夫仅为10个小时。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，clocking和 compared with作状语。
【词语点拨】take on承担；呈现

二、现在分词主要用法

主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done

u 现在分词作定语
1．作定语的现在分词的位置。作定语的现在分词可位于被修饰词之前，也可位于其后，分别叫做前置定语和后置定语。通常，单个的现在分词作定语时位于其前，而现在分词短语作定语则位于其后。如：
The visiting prime minister will surely promote the mutual relationship between the two nations.
Do you see the children performing on the stage? They are from our school.
The girl being interviewed now is the managers’ daughter.
The project being built now is of great importance.
The bridge being built there will be one of the longest ones in China.
This is one of the most important experiments being carried on in our lab.

2．作定语的现在分词的功能。通常，现在分词作定语可表示用途、动作进行中或状态等，作用上一般相当于一个定语从句。如：
The swimming pool was built last year and it is open to all for free. (=The pool that is used for swimming was built last year and it is open to all for free.)
We lived in a flat facing the south near the river in those years. (=We lived in a flat that faced the south near the river in those years.)
3.
The girl being interviewed now is the managers’ daughter.
The project being built now is of great importance.
The bridge being built there will be one of the longest ones in China.
This is one of the most important experiments being carried on in our lab.

u 现在分词作状语
1．现在分词的几种形式。根据主句的主语与分词的逻辑关系，现在分词可分为主动式和被动式，即V-ing和Being V-ed 形式，前者表示主句主语与之逻辑上呈主谓关系，而后者则为动宾关系。根据分词动作发生的先后，现在分词可分为一般式和完成式，即V-ing / Being V-ed和having V-ed/ having been V-ed，前者分词动作与主句谓语动作不分先后发生，而后者则表示分词动作先于主句谓语动作发生。如：
Singing a children’s song, the schoolboy went to school on his bicycle. (主谓关系)
Being scolded by her parents that morning, the girl went to school without breakfast. （被动关系）
Lying on the grassland, she keeps thinking of her family and hometown. （动作不分先后）
Having finished their homework, the kids headed for home separately. (动作先后发生)
Having been told that some guests were coming, she shopped all morning in that supermarket.（被动、先后）
Having been badly injured in the car accident, he had to stay in bed for at least three weeks.（被动、先后）

2．现在分词作状语的不同功能。作状语的现在分词可表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、目的或结果等，分别相当于一个同类的状语从句。如：
Arriving at the village, where an accident happened, the medical group started working. （时间状语）
Seeing on the top of the hill, you will find that the city looks like a small village. （方式状语）
Realizing that it would rain heavily, we decided to bring umbrellas or raincoats with us. （原因状语）
Grandma came to see me last weekend, bringing plenty of vegetables and fruits to us. （伴随状语）
My Australian e-pal sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information about the city Beijing. （目的状语）
In Athens, the Chines team won 32 gold medals, ranking second of all competing countries and regions. （结果状语）
3．现在分词的否定式直接在其前加not，即not doing/ not having done。如：
Not knowing how to get back to their hometown, the girls decided to turn to the police for help.
Not having completed the project, they have to stay in that country for another three months.
3． 现在分词的省略结构。现在分词的省略结构指的是连词when / while等连词引导的从句可用when等连词 + doing构成省略，条件是主句的主语必须与从句的主语一致。如：
When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.

u 现在分词作表语、补足语
表语　放在be 或系动词之后，相当于形容词 the film is quite interesting .(主语为物)
宾语补足语　位于这些动词加宾语之后。
See/look at/hear/watch/find/listen to /feel /catch /keep /smell /leave/set/observe/notice /count /send /get ＋宾语＋doing（现在分词）
The teacher left the pupil standing aside.
She was heard singing all the time.
She suddenly heard someone knocking at the door.
When I entered the room, I found him looking for something.
He was seen being taken away by the police.
I was kept waiting for another two hours

u 动名词与现在分词的比较
　　动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如：
　　Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful .
　　（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
　　She hates speaking in the public.
　　（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
　　区别：
1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：
① 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：
　 My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.
（可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换）
　　② 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如：
　　 The story is interesting .不可改为：Interesting is the story.
2、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于：
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较：
① a swimming boy和a swimming suit
　　前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。
② a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”，即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态；而后者的意思是“卧车（被用来睡觉的车厢）”，即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途
当堂知识检测
一、单项选择
1．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, ________through old magazines, ________have been read hundreds of times previously.
A．looking; all of them B．look; each of which
C．looking, all of which D．look; each of that
2．Finding her car stolen, ________.
A．it was looked for everywhere
B．a policeman was asked to help
C．the area was searched thoroughly
D．she hurried to a policeman for help
3．Tracy Mcgrady announced his operation decision to the press without informing his club, leaving his team members why he did so.
A．to wonder B．wondered C．wondering D．wonder
4．Tell Mary that there is someone ________ for her at the door.
A．waiting B．waited C．waits D．to wait
5．Even after class, we can often see an amiable professor________by some students________ advice on their assignment.
A．surrounded; seeking B．surrounding; seeking
C．surrounded; sought D．surrounding; sought
6．________the railway station, we had a break, only ________the train had left.
A．Arriving at; to find B．Arriving at; finding
C．To arrive at; finding D．To arrive at; to find
7．The teacher came in,____ the Ss.
A．following B．followed C．having followed D．being followed
8．The guidelines aim to prevent the growing practice of young children ________ in a way that pushes them beyond what children at their age should learn.
A．educated B．to educate C．being educated D．educating
9．Standing at the top of the mountain, we caught sight of a river _________ over 250 meters broad.
A．measured B．measuring C．measures D．is measured
10．A special high-level dialogue on environment and climate convened in July, with the official statement ________ that China would stand ready to work with EU to further strengthen the policy coordination.
A．read B．reading C．to read D．to be read
11．With exams________, it’s a good idea to review your class notes.
A．approaching B．approached C．to approach D．approach
12．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.
A．allowed B．to allow C．allowing D．being allowed
13．There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A．indicate B．indicating C．to indicate D．having indicated
14．His parents went to work in the city, ________ him alone in the countryside.
A．leaving B．to leave C．having left D．left
15．The tricky problem ________ the whole class was still unsolved.
A．to defeat B．defeated C．defeating D．had defeated
16．With housing price ________ rapidly, David could not afford a house on his own.
A．went up B．goes up C．going up D．to go up
17．_________several times by the publishers, Charlottee still kept on writing and eventually had her novel published.
A．Rejecting B．Being rejected
C．Having rejected D．Having been rejected
18．Obama advisers, _______ the continued focus on the matter, denied they were behind the scheme.
A．benefited from B．benefiting C．benefited D．benefiting from
19．Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing________ to her, only________ her five children.
A．left; to leave B．leaving, leaving
C．leaving; left D．left; leaving
20．The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet,________ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A．clap B．clapped C．clapping D．to clap
21．______ everything into consideration, his latest novel is a great success. No wonder it has gained in popularity among readers.
A．To take B．Taking C．Taken D．Having taken
22．________ of danger in the street at night, she decided to go home, with a friend ________ her.
A．Warning; following B．Having warned; following
C．Having been warned; following D．Warned; followed
23．Frightened by the bullets ________, the fellow hid his head in the bushes, ________.
A．whistled by; leaving his body exposed B．was whistled by; and left his body being exposed
C．whistling by; leaving his body exposed D．whistled by; left his body being exposed
24．—Does the way you thought of ________ traffic volume during rush hours make any sense?
—It certainly does; in fact, it is a mature initiative ________ many times in several metropolises.
A．to reduce; adopted B．to reduce; having been adopted
C．reducing; adopted D．reducing; having been adopted
25．______ yesterday, we went out for a walk.
A．It being a fine day B．As a fine day
C．It was a fine day D．For it was a fine day

二、根据汉语意思填写单词
26．Because of the bad weather, the flight was _______(延迟) for a couple of hours. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
27．Those parcels are easy to break, so they need to be_______ (处理)with care. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
28．The labor class exhausted the students,_______ (拖，拉) their bodies home. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
29．Police are_______(责备)the accident on dangerous driving. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
30．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of________(悠闲). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
31．I don’t want to be________ (悲观的), but I don’t see how we could get away. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
32．She had________(依赖) on that friendship too much and was lost without it. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
33．I looked at the map to________(使恢复精力，刷新)my memory of the road. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)

课后巩固提高
三、根据中英文提示填写单词
34．The new finding has attracted both d______(国内的)and international attention. (根据中英文提示填空)
35．Solar energy has been used to g______(产生)electricity in some countries. (根据中英文提示填空)
36．The c______(传统的)way of farming has been challenged by modern technology.(根据中英文提示填空)
37．They have refused to allow UN troops to be stationed in their t______(领土). (根据中英文提示填空)
38．The fence marks the b______(分界线)between the two houses. (根据中英文提示填空)
39．Computers are now in w______(广泛的)use all over the world. (