2022北京高一(上)期末英语汇编：阅读理解D篇.docx

2022北京高一（上）期末英语汇编
阅读理解D篇
一、阅读理解
（2022·北京西城·高一期末）If there is one place you don’t want to stick your finger, it’s the mouth of a Pacific lingcod. These fearsome fish have around 500 needlelike teeth sticking out of jaws (颌) that are strong enough to crush crustaceans (甲壳动物).
How lingcod maintain the sharpness of their terrifying teeth has long been a puzzle. But a study, published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. For a lingcod, that’s up to 20 teeth replaced daily.
In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth, Ms. Cohen, a coauthor of the new study, and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days. The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye (染料) that colored their teeth, then returned to their regular tank for 10 days. When the 10 days were up, the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined. The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green, whereas the new teeth were only green.
After collecting and examining a total of 10,000 teeth, the scientists were able to determine how quickly lingcod lost and regrew their teeth and which teeth were replaced most often.
Lingcod, like most fish, have two sets of jaws: oral jaws and pharyngeal jaws. Their oral jaws are used to catch food while their pharyngeal jaws, which are positioned in their throats, are used to chew their food and move it from their mouths to the stomach. Ms. Carr, the lead author, and colleagues found that teeth are replaced more frequently in the back of the mouth, where most of the chewing and crushing take place.
The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy, says Kory Evans, a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. “The duller a lingcod’s teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target. So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important.” Dr. Evans said, “In order to make it as a lingcod, you need sharp pointy teeth and all your teeth need to be on point.”
1．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What role seawater played. B．What conclusion was reached.
C．How the study was conducted. D．How teeth changed their colors.
2．According to the passage, lingcod’s teeth are replaced ___________.
A．every 10 days B．to better hunt for food
C．faster in the oral jaw D．with bigger and sharper ones
3．What does the underlined word “shed” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Repair. B．Sharpen. C．Lose. D．Examine.
4．What is the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To warn people of the danger of a fish.
B．To introduce the findings of a new study.
C．To stress the importance of replacing teeth.
D．To suggest new ways to conduct studies on fish.
（2022·北京平谷·高一期末）
A new University College London-led study finds that staring at a deep red light for three minutes a day can greatly improve declining (下降) eyesight.
Scientists believe the discovery, published in the Journal of Gerontology, could signal the dawn of new affordable home-based eye therapies (治疗) helping millions of people globally with naturally declining vision.
Doctors say a three-minute daily does of the special red light for two weeks could help improve age-related vision problems. However, they say not any red light will help improve eyesight. The lead author, Professor Glen Jeffery said, "I strongly suggest that people should not just go and buy a red light online. They have to produce the right wavelength. We are looking for a commercial partner to do this and to price them at $20 to $25."
The study was carried out by a team from University College London. Researchers conducted tests on 24 men and women aged between 28 and 72. They said some cells that could help us process light had become worse in the older people. Doctors say the red light improved the ability of these people to detect different colors, particularly blue. The vision of these older people improved by as much as 22 percent, Jeffrey said, "Populations are ageing rapidly and this is going to be a major issue in the future. We need to get ready for this." He added, "If you can't see clearly, you can't read or watch TV. You also tend to fall down and break bones. Our lights are a step in this direction."
5．What is the function of Paragraph1?
A．To lead to the main topic. B．To discuss the study.
C．To introduce a university. D．To give some advice.
6．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．Red light only lasts three minutes.
B．The red light with the right wavelength can be helpful.
C．Everyone needs to buy a red light online.
D．Doctors need partners to sell red lights.
7．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The problem of populations. B．The process and results of the study.
C．The vision of the old people. D．The usage of different colors.
8．Where does the passage most probably come from?
A．A medical magazine. B．A story book.
C．A book review. D．A history book.
（2022·北京房山·高一期末）SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?
This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well-known are the Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.
Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
9．What does the author want to show by mentioning driverless cars in Paragraph 1?
A．The hot issue about new technology.
B．The danger about new technology.
C．The value about new technology.
D．The safety about new technology.
10．Which life style do the Christians living in rural America advocate?
A．Caring about luxuries.
B．Reducing the need of life.
C．Living in a remote mountain area.
D．Focusing on the interaction between people.
11．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To illustrate how it is better to use the driverless car.
B．To prove that the new technology will bring the dangers.
C．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of new technology.
D．To persuade people to stop continuing the new way of traveling.
12．What’s the author’s attitude about technological advances?
A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent.
（2022·北京市怀柔区教科研中心高一期末）Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. Americans won’t live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to think what life would look like without cars. However, some have realized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by the car. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.
Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.
To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.
Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
13．How many ways to get rid of air pollution are suggested in this article?
A．Four. B．Three.
C．Two. D．One.
14．If the number of cars is cut down, the most serious problem to American workers is ______.
A．to have no work to do B．to keep the air clean
C．to get a better life D．to go to work by bike
15．What is the conclusion (结论) of the writer?
A．Bicycling is the only way out.
B．The number of cars must be cut down.
C．Cars bring us nothing but serious problems.
D．Cars bring us not only a better life but serious problems.
（2022·北京师大附中高一期末）Lessons in the Lost Art of Listening
When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare.
Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.
Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.
Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn’t you agree…?” or “Don’t you think…?” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And you’d better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they’re wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who don’t know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task.
Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.
The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.
16．One of the factors that influence listening is that ________.
A．our confidence in listening is decreasing B．our speech creates a lot of noise around us
C．listening skills are seldom taught in school D．texting causes a better effect than phone calls
17．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Why the art of listening gets lost by itself. B．Why effective methods are used in listening.
C．How people make themselves well understood. D．How people can reclaim the lost art of listening.
18．According to the author, what should people do when they are listening?
A．Avoid being absent-minded. B．Come up with curious questions.
C．Focus on the speaker’s personal information. D．Try to find common interests with the speaker.
19．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Listening and speaking deserve equal attention.
B．Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves.
C．Bad listening ultimately contributes to people’s failure.
D．Listeners’ clear mind facilitates speakers’ expression of thoughts.
（2022·北京昌平·高一期末）To deal with a big environmental problem, chemists have been thinking small. Really small. Their new tiny robot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic (塑料的) polluting waterways across the world.
Each new microrobot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are magnetic (磁的) and shaped like stars. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions (化学反应) that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they catch it and start to break it down. When the lights go out, they let go and are free to be used again. In a new study, the scientists reported that these robots ca