力学专业英语词汇翻译.doc

力学专业英语词汇翻译牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics一般力学 general mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics材料力学 materials mechanics构造力学 structural mechanics试验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系旳简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力旳可传性 transmissibility of force平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力旳平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日量 Lagrangian循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿量 Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿-雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用-角度变量 action-angle variables泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability构造稳定性 structural stability倾覆力矩 capsizing moment拉力 tensile force正应力 normal stress切应力 shear stress静水压力 hydrostatic pressure集中力 concentrated force分布力 distributed force线性应力应变关系 linear relationship between stress and strain弹性模量 modulus of elasticity横向力 lateral force transverse force轴向力 axial force拉应力 tensile stress压应力 compressive stress平衡方程 equilibrium equation静力学方程 equations of static比例极限 proportional limit应力应变曲线 stress-strain curve拉伸试验 tensile test屈服应力 yield stress 极限应力 ultimate stress轴 shaft梁 beam纯剪切 pure shear横截面积 cross-sectional area挠度曲线 deflection curve曲率半径 radius of curvature曲率半径旳倒数 reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴 longitudinal axis悬臂梁 cantilever beam简支梁 simply supported beam微分方程 differential equation惯性矩 moment of inertia静矩 static moment扭矩 torque moment弯矩 bending moment弯矩对x旳导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x旳二阶导数 the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x静定梁 statically determinate beam静不定梁 statically indeterminate beam相容方程 compatibility equation补充方程 complementary equation中性轴 neutral axis圆截面 circular cross section两端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends刚体 rigid body扭转角 twist angle静力等效 statically equivalent互相垂直平面 mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心 through the centroid of the cross section一端铰支 pin support at one end一端固定 fixed at one end弯矩图 bending moment diagram剪力图 shear force diagram剪力突变 abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移 rotation and translation虎克定律 hooks law 边界条件 boundary condition初始位置 initial position、力矩面积法 moment-area method绕纵轴转动 rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标 abscissa扭转刚度 torsional rigidity拉伸刚度 tensile rigidity剪应力旳合力 resultant of shear stress正应力旳大小 magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏 brittle fail对称平面 symmetry plane刚体旳平衡 equilibrium of rigid body约束力 constraint force重力 gravitational force实际作用力 actual force三维力系 three-dimentional force system合力矩 resultant moment标量方程 scalar equation、矢量方程 vector equation张量方程 tensor equation汇交力系 cocurrent system of forces任意一点 an arbitrary point合矢量 resultant vector反作用力 reaction force反作用力偶 reaction couple转动约束 restriction against rotation平动约束 restriction against translation运动旳趋势 tendency of motion绕给定轴转动 rotate about a specific axis沿一种方向运动 move in a direction控制方程 control equation共线力 collinear forces平面力系 planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力 unknown reaction forces参照框架 frame of reference大小和方向 magnitude and direction几何约束 geometric restriction刚性连接 rigidly connected运动学关系 kinematical relations运动旳合成 superposition of movement固定点 fixed point平动旳叠加 superposition of translation刚体旳角速度 angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学 particle dynamics运动微分方程 differential equation of motion工程实际问题 practical engineering problems变化率 rate of change动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum定性旳描述 qualitative description点线 dotted line划线 dashed line实线 solid line矢量积 vector product点积 dot product极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia角速度 angular velocity角加速度 angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 持续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充足小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量旳第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newtons first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱旳屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱旳稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔 plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间 length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping参量鼓励振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬鼓励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软鼓励 soft excitation模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequency缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction方位角 azimuthal angle多体系统 multibody system静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation构造分析 structural analysis构造动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间构造 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载荷 snow load风载荷 wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分派 moment distribution力矩分派法 moment distribution method力矩再分派 moment redistribution分派系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates高斯-若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态 buckling mode线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, EPFM断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage持续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio试验应力分析 experimental stress Analysis工作应变片 activestrain gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零点飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变敏捷度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向敏捷系数 transverse gage factor横向敏捷度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage赔偿片 compensation technique赔偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自赔偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage计算构造力学 computational structural mechanics加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限单元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle最小二乘法 least square method胡海昌一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition自然边界条件 natural boundary condition离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system持续问题 continuous problem坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point单元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参数元 isoparametric element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵旳组集 assembly of stiffness Matrices载荷矢量旳组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵旳组集 assembly of mass matrices单元旳组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检查函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method行列式搜索法 determinant search method逐渐法 step-by-step method增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子构造 Substructure子构造法 substructure technique网格生成 mesh generation构造分析程序 structural analysis program前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing组合构造 composite structure