2023年同等学力研究生英语考试模拟题.doc

２0２3年同等学力硕士英语考试模拟试题(二)
Paｐer One　 试卷一

Part I 　 Dｉaloｇue Coｍmunicａtion

Sｅcｔion A 　Ｄialｏgue Comｐletiｏn
Ｄiｒeｃtions:　In this secｔion,　you will ｒｅad 5 short ｉｎcoｍpｌeｔe dｉalogueｓ beｔwｅen　two spｅakers, ｅach fｏｌｌｏwed by　4 cｈｏiｃｅs maｒkｅｄ A, B, C, anｄ D． Ｃｈoosｅ the answer ｔhat best ｓuits tｈｅ situaｔiｏn　tｏ cｏmpleｔｅ　thｅ　ｄiａloｇue bｙ　mａrking the　corresponding　leｔter　with a singlｅ baｒ acｒｏss the squａrｅ braｃkets oｎ yｏur machine-scｏrinｇ ANSWER ＳHEET.

1.
Opeｒatｏr：　Goｏd mornｉｎg. Frieｎdｓhip Hotｅｌ． Maｙ I helｐ you？
Ｃaller:　__＿_＿＿______.

A.　Tｈａnk you.　I’d like to mａke a long distanｃe calｌ to ｔｈｅ　U.S.
B. Yｅs, plｅase.　Tｈaｎk　ｙou anｙway．
Ｃ． Ｉ　doｎ’t　thｉnｋ sｏ. Sｏｒry.
Ｄ. Exteｎsｉoｎ ８8５88,　pｌeａse

2.
Man： Ｅｘcｕsｅ me, ｓir.　Wouｌd　you ｍｉｎｄ answerｉng a　ｆew questions？
Passeｒ－ｂy:　____＿＿___＿． Are yｏu sｅllｉｎg iｎsｕrance?

Ａ. Yｅs,　I’ｄ love to.
Ｂ． Welｌ，　yes, ａt thｅ ｍｏment I wｏuld
C. No，　I’ｍ　soｒry
D. No，　I’ｍ in　ａ ｈｕrrｙ

3.
A:　Say,　Ｉ dｏn’t thinｋ we’vｅ mｅt,　haｖe wｅ?
B:　＿_＿_____＿． My ｎａme’s　Dｏnna．
A: Niｃｅ to meet ｙou, Ｄonna． I’ｍ　Ｔim Clａrk.

A） Yes， I　think ｓo
B) Ｎo, I don’ｔ ｔhink so
C） I’ve heａrd so　ｍuch ａｂout　you
Ｄ)　Ｉ havｅn’ｔ　ｓeen you for ages

4.
Sｔudｅnｔ　A: Ｍａy I ｂorrow　ｙour cａr tomorrｏｗ moｒninｇ?
Ｓtｕdｅnt B： I’m sｏrrｙ, buｔ Ｉ’ll gｏ　ｏｎ an　outing firsｔ thing　ｉｎ tｈe　ｍorniｎｇ mysｅlf.
Studeｎt　A： ____＿_______.

Ａ．　Do aｓ　ｙoｕ pｌｅaｓe
B. It dｏｅsn’ｔ maｔteｒ
C. Thａnｋ ｙou just ｔhe ｓame
Ｄ. Nｅｖｅr mind

５.
A: Hello.　Theｒe’s soｍethiｎg　wroｎg with my ｃｏmpuｔer. It　doesn’t work now.
B: All rｉgｈｔ. Mａy I have　yｏuｒ ｃoｎｔａct　number?
Ａ: _＿＿_＿＿_＿＿__
B: I mean youｒ tｅlepｈoｎe　nｕmber.

A.　Sｏrrｙ?ﻩﻩﻩﻩ
Ｂ. Ｗhaｔ　ｄo yoｕ ｗａｎt？
C. Suｒe. Hｅre you ａrｅ. ﻩ
D. Please juｓｔ　foｒｇivｅ　me.

Secｔｉon　B Dialogue Ｃｏｍpreｈenｓｉoｎ

Dirｅctiｏns：In this　sｅcｔiｏn， you will reａd 5 sｈort　ｃonｖｅrsatiｏns　bｅtween　a　ｍａn　and a wｏman. Ａt the　eｎd oｆ eaｃh conｖeｒsatiｏn ｔheｒｅ is　a qｕestｉon　folｌowｅd　by ４ cｈoiceｓ maｒkｅd Ａ， Ｂ, Ｃ, and D．　Cｈoose thｅ ｂｅｓt ansｗer　to　the　ｑuesｔiｏn fｒom ｔｈe 4 choiceｓ by mａrｋing tｈe cｏｒrｅsponding　letteｒ　wｉtｈ a single bar acrosｓ tｈe ｓquaｒe bｒaｃkets on your　machｉｎe-scｏriｎg AＮＳWＥR　ＳHＥＥＴ.

６.
W:　We ｎeｅd a ｂigger ａpaｒtmeｎt juｓt to storｅ ａll of ouｒ books ａnd tａpes！
M:　That's ｏuｔ of the　qｕeｓtiｏn!
Ｎ： What doeｓ the　man mean?

(Ａ) Tｈe ｗｏmａn ｓａid ｓomeｔｈiｎg　quｅｓtionａｂlｅ.
（B) It is　nｏt　ｐossible for them　to ｍovｅ．
(C) He agreeｓ wｉtｈ　the　woｍan.
（Ｄ) The womａn musｔ　ask a dｉｆfeｒent　ｑuestｉｏn.

７.　
W： Mr．　Shimadａ iｓ the　besｔ teaｃｈer at this sｃhoｏl. Everyｏnｅ　shoｕld　bｅ　ｒeｑｕｉrｅd to take　ｈis
ｐsｙcholｏgy claｓｓ.
Ｍ:　Ｔｈat ｇoeｓ wｉthouｔ sayiｎg．
N: Wｈａｔ does　the　man mean？

(A) Hｅ disagrees　wｉth the wｏmａｎ.
(B) The wｏmaｎ＇ｓ opinion sｈocｋed　him.
(C） Tｈe　woman　said something　oｂvious.
（D) Hｅ　could ｎot　hear　what the ｗoman sａid.

8.
W： Reema haｓ been ａcceptｅd iｎtｏ ｔｈe School of Iｎternationａｌ Stuｄｉes．
M: Ｎo kｉdｄinｇ!
N: Whaｔ ｄｏｅs tｈe ｍan mｅan?

(A)　He　is　surｐｒised by tｈe ｎｅws.
(B) Hｅ finds ｔhｅ newｓ veｒy sad.
(C） He ｄoｅsn'ｔ ｂelievｅ the　neｗs.
(Ｄ) He ｃoｎtradicts ｔhｅ　ｗoｍan.

9.
M: Woｎ't you chａnge　yｏuｒ minｄ　anｄ ｃomｅ　tｏ tｈe bｏxinｇ match　witｈ us oｎ Sａtｕrdaｙ？
Ｗ:　Not on　yoｕr life!
N:　Ｗhat doeｓ　the ｗｏｍan mｅan?

(A) She　is afraid　foｒ　hｅr lｉfe.
(Ｂ)　Ｂoxiｎｇ is heｒ　faｖｏriｔe sｐｏrｔ.
(C) She ｒefｕses tｏ　go ｔo tｈｅ　boxｉｎg matｃh.
(D) She　ｗilｌ ｇo tｏ the ｂｏxｉng　matｃh with soｍｅone elｓe.

10.
M: Maria, Ｉ　wanｔ　you　ｔo　ｈave all mｙ laundry reaｄy ｂｙ ｔhe tｉmｅ　I　ｇｅt hoｍｅ.
Ｗ: Yoｕ ｍust be　ｋidding!
N:　Whａt ｄoes ｔｈe ｗｏman mｅan？

(A） She doesn't ｕnderstand the　ｍan's reqｕest.
(B) She ｔhanks　thｅ maｎ ｆor hｉｓ kindness.
(C) She mｕst ｇet the cｈiｌdren rｅady.
（D） She will nｏｔ have　ｔhe　ｍａn's ｌaunｄry rｅady.

Part　IＩ Voｃabulaｒy
Ｓｅctioｎ　A
Dirｅctiｏns:In tｈis sｅcｔion　tｈｅｒe ａre １０　ｓentences,　each ｗith one　worｄ　or phrase underlｉneｄ. Choose the onｅ　fｒoｍ the　4 choiｃｅｓ mａrｋed A, Ｂ, Ｃ and D that beｓt ｋeeps ｔhｅ meaninｇ of the seｎtｅnce. Then　marｋ　ｔｈe ｃorresponding letteｒ wｉth　ａ　singlｅ ｂaｒ acｒｏss the　sｑuａre bracｋｅts on your machiｎｅ-ｓcｏrｉｎｇ　AＮSWER SHEET.

11． Hｉs nａtural intｅｌliｇeｎｃe　ａｎｄ ａdeqｕaｔe　expｅriｅnce　in ｔｈe fielｄ enaｂled hｉm to
　cope witｈ the ｄelicate proｂｌem.
　A.　tackle　wiｔh ﻩ ﻩ B．　hａndle with
C.　ｄeaｌ ｗiｔｈﻩ ﻩ D. meｅｔ with
１2. Ａ fａmoｕs Brｉtｉsh　ｉnsｔitｕtiｏn iｓ afternooｎ　tea　ａt fivｅ o’cloｃk, at whｉch tｅａ
　 ｉs accompａnｉｅd by ｈomｅ-maｄe biｓcｕits．
　 　Ａ. regulａtion ﻩ ﻩB. habｉtﻩﻩ
　 C. cｕｓｔom ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩD. oｒgaｎｉzatｉoｎ
13. Cｈildreｎ usualｌy takｅ ａfｔｅr ｂotｈ ｐarｅnts bｅｃause　they ｉnｈeｒit　charａｃｔeristics
　 froｍ both　thｅ motheｒ aｎd ｔhe fatｈｅr.
Ａ. inｈeｒitﻩ ﻩ ﻩ B.　ｌikeﻩﻩﻩ
C. assembｌｅ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩＤ． resｅmbｌe
14.　The ｒeforｍs　ｏｆ tｈe　ｐersonｎｅl　maｎaｇement systｅm bｒｏｕｇｈt aｂｏut ｇrｅat incｒeasｅ
in the ecｏnomic ｅffｉciency　ｏf ｔhｅ ｅnteｒpｒise．
Ａ.　tｏｏk　oｎ ﻩ ﻩB. rｅsultｅd　inﻩ
　　 C. resｕlted fromﻩﻩﻩﻩ D. ｔoｏｋ ｐlace
１5.　Haｂiｔs ｃan be conｓｃiｏusly ｓtreｎｇｔｈenｅd，　ｊust ａs a　sｔｕdenｔ of thｅ violiｎ practices
　aｎｄ memoｒｉzｅs ｄｉffereｎt fingeringｓ.
A. carｅｆuｌlyﻩ ﻩﻩＢ. easｉlｙ
C. ｉnteｎtｉｏnalｌyﻩﻩﻩ D. ｃaｓｕallｙ
16.　When　ｒｅquired bｙ their pａｒｅnts ｔo ｅat　ｇrｅen vegeｔａbleｓ,　mａｎy chｉｌdｒen　only do　
ｓo　reｌuctantｌy．
　A． rｅadｉｌｙﻩ ﻩ B.　unwiｌｌingｌy
Ｃ． unconｓciously ﻩ ﻩ D. ｐuｒpoｓefully
17. In thｅ　1980s， ｔｈｏｕsanｄs oｆ ｙouｎg ｐeople migrated to Sｏuth　Ｃhiｎａ to takｅ part
　 in iｔs econoｍic ｄｅveｌopmeｎt moveｍenｔ．
A. aｒriveｄ aｔ ﻩ ﻩＢ. moveｄ toﻩ ﻩ
C.　ｔourｅd tｏ ﻩ ﻩﻩD. pasｓｅd　by
18．　We woulｄ have succｅedｅd　ｉn aｃcｏmplishinｇ thｅ ｐroｊeｃt aheaｄ　oｆ sｃhｅdule ｉf tｈｅ
weａthｅｒ had ｎot affeｃteｄ　ｏur pｌａn.
　　 A. fiｎiｓhing　ﻩ ﻩﻩB.　reachinｇ
　 C. reａlｉzingﻩ ﻩ ﻩD. achｉｅving
１9. Since　the ｓｉtuatiｏn ｈad undｅrgoｎe grｅaｔ chａnges, they dｅcidｅｄ ｔｏ　aｂａｎdon thｅir
　 original pｌａn.
　 A. gｉve　out ﻩ ﻩＢ. gｉve inﻩﻩ
　Ｃ. ｇｉve awayﻩﻩ ﻩＤ. givｅ up
20. Your　cｏming reliｅved mｅ oｆ the botｈer of ｗrｉtｉnｇ yｏu a long　letter．
　 A. eased　ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩ B. freed ﻩﻩ
　 C． liｇhteｎeｄ ﻩ D.　recｏｖered

Sｅcｔion　B
Ｄirectｉｏns：Ｉｎ　ｔhis sectioｎ, ｔhere　aｒe 10 inｃomplｅｔｅ　sentencｅs． Ｆｏr ｅａch　sentence there are ４ choicｅs marｋed　A, B， C anｄ D. Choose the　onｅ tｈaｔ best ｃｏmpｌｅtｅs ｔhe ｓentence． Tｈen mark the cｏrresｐoｎdiｎg leｔｔｅr wｉth　a ｓinglｅ　baｒ ａｃrｏss the squaｒe bｒａckets oｎ yoｕr ｍachｉne-ｓcoring　ANＳＷＥR SHEET．

21.　“Ｉｆ nｏ　oｎe caｎ sooｎ _＿___＿___＿ a good soｌutioｎ,　we’rｅ　going ｔo be in trｏuble，”
the ｂoard cｈair warned.
A. ｃomｅ up ｗithﻩ ﻩﻩＢ. pｕt　uｐ wｉｔh
C． catch uｐ withﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩD. cheｃｋ up　with
22. Ｅｄｇａr wｏuｌd ｂe　a pｏｐulaｒ ｇuy with ｈis colleagues ｉf hｅ were　noｔ sｕch a　_____＿____
smoｋｅｒ．
A．　stｒｏｎgﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩB.　wｅakﻩ ﻩ
C． hｅaｖy ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩD. light
2３. Gｏodness, ecｏnomy, ａｎd honeｓｔｙ aｒe rｅｇarded aｓ　somｅ univｅｒsal　__＿＿___＿__　a
　　 man shｏuld havｅ.
A. habits ﻩ ﻩB. cｕstomｓﻩﻩ
C. chａraｃtersﻩﻩﻩ D. viｒtueｓ
2４. Jane waｓ　ｓｏ ___＿_＿＿____ the　bｏok sｈe was reading ｔhat ｓhe diｄ not notice　a thief ｅnteｒing her　hoｕｓｅ．
　A.　aｔｔentｉｖe inﻩﻩ ﻩﻩﻩB. ａbsorbeｄ inﻩ
　 Ｃ. ｄedicaｔｅd　to ﻩ ﻩ ﻩD.　ｄischarged fｒom
25.　Ｍoｓt ｈoｍes ｉn　cｉties hａｖe been eｑuipped wｉtｈ ｅｌeｃｔrical ___＿__＿___, ｓｕcｈ　as
iceｂoxes　anｄ wasｈeｒs.
　 Ａ. ａppｌiａnｃes ﻩ ﻩB. eｑｕiｐmeｎｔ ﻩ
C. faｃｉｌitiｅs ﻩ ﻩD. insｔrｕmｅｎts
26. In　ｒｅceｎｔ ｙｅａrs　wｅalｔhｙ people havｅ　_______＿_ goｌf　to　pｒovidｅ themsｅlｖｅs　ｗith
pｈｙsicａl　ａｎd mentａl relaxatｉoｎ.
Ａ. takeｎ down ﻩ B. tａｋeｎ overﻩﻩ
　C.　takｅn inﻩ ﻩ D.　taken ｕp　
2７.　It　ｉs ｎecesｓary to ___＿______ thｅ ｆａcｔory　ａs it iｓ ｉncreasing its business.
　　Ａ. ｅxpａnｄﻩ ﻩ ﻩ Ｂ. iｎｃrｅaｓe
　C. lengthen ﻩﻩﻩD. ｗiｄen
２8. Ｈe often　trｉｅd to　________＿＿　hｉｓ　dａuｇhter oｆ the daｎgerｓ of spｅndｉｎg　moｒｅ than
　　sｈe earｎed.
　　 A.　thｒeａten ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩB.　ｒecallﻩﻩﻩ
　　 Ｃ. ｗａrnﻩ ﻩD. eｘpecｔ
29． It is quite nｅcessａry for ａ quａｌiｆiｅd mａnager　tｏ havｅ ｇood　mannｅrs　anｄ　_＿__＿__＿ ｋｎｏwlｅdgｅ.
　　 Ａ.　eｘtensｉve ﻩ ﻩ B. exceｓsive 　　ﻩ
C. ｉntenｓive ﻩﻩ ﻩＤ． expenｓivｅ
30. Ｗe welｃｏme　rain，　bｕt a (an) _______＿__ ｌａrｇe　aｍｏｕnt of　ｒaiｎfａlｌ　will ｃauｓe dｉｓastｅr.
　 A. ｒoｕghly　 ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩB. exｔremely 　　 　 　
　 C. speciａlｌy 　 　 ﻩﻩﻩ D. ｃoｎsｔaｎtly

Parｔ IＩＩ Ｒeaｄｉng　cｏmprｅhｅnｓｉon
Direｃtioｎｓ:Ｔhere ａre 5 paｓｓages ｉn this pａrｔ. Ｅach passage is follｏwed　by　５ queｓtiｏｎs oｒ unｆｉnishｅd sｔａtements. For eaｃh of　them there aｒe 4　chｏiｃes mａrkｅd A, B, C and Ｄ. Ｃhoose the best　oｎe　and mark tｈe ｃoｒreｓpondｉng　letter　witｈ ａ　ｓｉnｇle bａr acｒoss the square bracketｓ　ｏn　your maｃhiｎe－sｃorinｇ　ＡNSWER SHEET.

Passaｇｅ Ｏｎe
Wｒitinｇ, ａs a ｃaｒeｅr， ｏffers a　rａnｇe oｆ　personaｌ rewａrds. It enablｅs peoplｅ to eｘｐress tｈemｓelveｓ， as ｗeｌｌ　aｓ tｏ　eｎtertain， inforｍ，　ａｎd influence others． Wiｔh only a feｗ　tｏｏｌs—paｐer, a　typｅwｒiteｒ，　a peｎciｌ， and　often ａ ｐｅｒｓｏnal　cｏmｐutｅｒ—ａ wriｔer can have an　ｉmpact on the surrounｄing world． But ｍost authors speｎd hundreds ｏf hｏurs pｅrfectiｎg tｈeir ｓkills before ｔhey　caｎ seｌl any of thｅiｒ woｒkｓ.
A pｅrｓon who　wantｓ to　ｂｅ　a ｗｒiter　should ｓｅt asidｅ　some tｉme tｏ wｒite everｙ day. Leａrｎinｇ tｏ eｘpreｓｓ　ｉdｅas　ｃｌeａrlｙ and efｆｅctivｅlｙ in wriｔing takｅs a great ｄｅal　oｆ practｉｃe. Many　experｉencｅd writers　keep a joｕrnal.　A joｕｒnaｌ　can serve　as a stoｒehousｅ　ｆor　infoｒmatioｎ,　observatioｎs, and　iｄｅas. It cａn　alｓo be ａ place to develop　nｅｗ mａterｉal.
Beｇinning　ｗriters　ｓhｏuｌd reａd manｙ kiｎds　of wｒiｔing ｅncｏuntered every ｄａｙ aｎｄ pay specｉａｌ　atteｎｔｉoｎ　tｏ whaｔ ｔheｙ finｄ most ｉntereｓtiｎg． News iteｍs, feature sｔoｒies, textｂooks, cｏokbｏoks, ｒｅpaｉr　manuａls, poems, esｓａｙs, ｓhort stｏries， ｎｏｖels, and ｐlays diffeｒ in theiｒ　ｍethoｄs of　ｏrganizing and ｐresenting　maｔerial. A　bｅginniｎｇ ｗriter who ｒeａdｓ wideｌy　and caｒefuｌｌy will devｅlop　an appreciation ｏf difｆeｒent writing apｐroaches anｄ styles. Iｎ tｉme, thｅ wriｔeｒ ｃan aｃqｕiｒe　a ｍore fｌｅｘｉbｌｅ ａpproach to his　or her ｏwn work．
Sucｃessfｕl authoｒs ｗrite　about sｕbjectｓ　ｔhey kｎoｗ ａnd undeｒｓtand. Tｈey ｓｏmetiｍes take ｗeeｋs oｒ moｎths ｒeviｓiｎg ｏｒ refining　an article, poem, oｒ sｔory. Beginning ｗriters　usually　benefit　fｒｏm fiｎding one ｏr　ｍoｒe ｆriｅndlｙ　crｉtiｃs ｗho ｗiｌl read　ｔheir　woｒk aｎd ｄisｃuss its ｓｔrengｔhs and　weaknesses ｗｉｔｈ them.　
Higｈ　scｈoｏlｓ ａnd cｏｌｌegeｓ　offer ｍany lｅaｒning ｏpportｕnities　for　ｙouｎg writers． Coｍpｏsｉｔion　aｎd literａtuｒe　ｃourses　caｎ be helｐful. Ｃrｅatiｖe　wriｔing ａnd journaｌism coｕrsｅs　may furｔher aｓsiｓt ａ ｂeginning wｒｉteｒ in ｄeveloping ｈｉs ｏr　her ｓkills. Ｍaｎy ｓtudentｓ work on liteｒaｒy　magazｉnｅs, ｎewspapeｒｓ,　ｏr　ｙearｂooｋs publiｓｈeｄ bｙ ｔheir schｏolｓ. Tｈey　may ｗrｉte　stoｒiｅs， edｉｔ ａrticles, ｏr ｇain otheｒ　ｖalｕable eｘperieｎｃe.

3１.　How imporｔaｎt　ｉs ｗrｉting accoｒding　to thｉｓ pａsｓaｇｅ?
　 A．　Peoplｅ ｌｅａrｎ a lot from ｗriｔing.
　 Ｂ. We are eｎtｅrtainｅd ｗitｈ ｄiｆfeｒenｔ writings．
C.　Wrｉtiｎg　cａn　ｉnflｕｅnce　ｔhe ｓｕrrouｎding ｗoｒld．
D. Ｂookｓ　can be an ｉmpoｒtａnt　pａｒt oｆ an indusｔry.
３２. Wｈaｔ does a joｕrnａｌ　NOＴ ｈelp　to provide?
　A. Ｓeｒvice．ﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩＢ. Idｅａｓ.　
Ｃ． Obｓervａtiｏnｓ.ﻩ ﻩD. Ｉnｆoｒmａｔioｎ.
３３.　Ｗhat　ｓhould　a ｂeginninｇ wriｔer do ｔo eｎｊoy　differｅｎt writiｎｇ styｌｅs?
A. Ｒeａdｉng different　ｋiｎds　ｏf nｅws　items.
　 B.　Stｕｄyinｇ dｉfferent wrｉtinｇ ｍethods.
C. Leａrniｎg ｔhｅ　wayｓ to present ｍaｔeｒiａls.
　 D. Carｅｆuｌly readｉng as　muｃh ａｓ possible.
34. Which　of ｔhe　ｆolloｗｉng　should　a begｉｎｎing　wｒｉｔｅr　aｖoid　in　oｒｄeｒ to ｉmｐrｏｖe hｉs or ｈeｒ
　writing?
Ａ. Developｉng ｎeｗ　subｊects．ﻩ Ｂ． Finｄing heｌｐful crｉｔics.
　C．　Ａtｔending ｗriting cｏurses.ﻩﻩﻩD. Ｄoing ｅｄiting ｗork．
35.　Ｉn dｅveloping stuｄents'　wｒitinｇ　abiｌｉty, wｈicｈ of the folloｗｉｎg　iｓ　nｏt ｍentｉｏnｅd by　
　 the authｏｒ？
A. Theｙ can take comｐosition　and liｔerａtuｒe coｕrses.
　 B.　Thｅy can tａke wｒitiｎｇ and　jouｒｎaｌisｍ cｏurｓeｓ.
C. Ｔｈeｙ ｍay ｗork　ｏn lｉteｒａry maｇaｚｉneｓ, newｓpaｐers, or yeaｒｂooks　pｕblｉｓｈed　by their
　　scｈools.
　 　D.　They may wｒｉｔe ｓｔorｉeｓ oｒ edit ａrticleｓ ｆｏr ｐrofessｉｏnal joｕrnａls.

Paｓsage　Two
Iｎtｅｒnal ｃlocks keep pace wｉth tｈe 24-hoｕr cｙcｌe　of ｄaｙ　aｎｄ night　ａnd light　ａnd dark, enabliｎｇ orｇaｎisms ｔo ａｄａpｔ　thｅir behavior　accｏrdiｎｇｌy. Wheｔher thｅse　daily—oｒ circadian—ｒhyｔhms(节奏) help a　sinｇle－celled　ｏｒganism expect the ｆｉrｓt ｒays of moｒｎing lｉght or　a　moｕse preｐare fｏr a buｓy　night searching for food, tｈｅy are a uniｖersal featurｅ of ｌｉfe on earth.
Circaｄｉaｎ　ｃlｏcks　govern manｙ　ｈumaｎ acｔｉvitiｅs.　From sleep-sｔarvｅd ｓtｕdｅnts ｔｏ　acｔivｅ old ｐｅopｌe，　tｈe ｂｏｄy auｔomaｔicalｌy　obsｅrvｅs　a daiｌy rｅgulatiｏn of　wａkeｆuｌneｓs and ｓleep. Our iｎternaｌ　clocks　keeｐ us ｍenｔaｌly　watchful　ｄuriｎｇ the day　anｄ prｏmpt us to ｒｅｓt and reｃｏｖer　duriｎｇ　the niｇht. The　pａttｅrn cｏntiｎｕes ｅｖen in the ａbsencｅ ｏf exterｎａl signaｌs from ｔhｅ　ｒisｉng and seｔtinｇ　sun． Researｃｈ　voluntｅers　livｉｎg　ｉｎ a dark　rｏoｍ natuｒallｙ maintain　ａ rｏｕｇhｌy 24-ｈｏur ｃｙclｅ　ｏｆ actｉvｉty and reｓt.　Resｅaｒｃhers havｅ concｌuｄｅｄ ｔhaｔ ｓｕｎriｓｅ can rｅｓet　thｅ cｌocｋ　but that ｔｈｅ clocｋ does not deｐeｎd on　sunｒiｓe ａｎd　sunsｅt ｔo　ｋeｅp　ｔiｍe．
We ｇenerａlｌy take ｏｕｒ　ｂｉoｌｏgical ｃlock fｏr gｒaｎtｅd,　but ａs aｎyｏne who has ｅxｐeriｅｎceｄ tｈe ｍｉｓery oｆ jｅt lag (时差反应） oｒ ｗorｋed thｅ　nｉｇｈｔ ｓｈift knows, we ｗiｌl　ｓuffeｒ iｆ ouｒ　nａｔuｒal rｈyｔhmｓ are dｉsturbed. Ｉn rare cases, severｅ ｄistuｒbaｎｃes in　the bｏdｙ cloｃk　ｃan　be iｎhｅrited,　ｗｉth problemｓ affｅｃting membｅrｓ oｆ particular　ｆaｍilies. Inｄｉｖｉｄｕals sｕffering　frｏｍ eａrlieｒ　ｓleep, fｏr　eｘaｍple,　ｏften faｌl aslｅep in　ｔhe latｅ　afｔerｎoon ｏr　ｅaｒly eｖening, only　to wakｅ up　in the middle　of tｈe　niｇhｔ．
Dｅsｐiｔe a　lｏnｇ－ｓtanding iｎterest　iｎ　biｏlｏｇicaｌ　clockｓ, only iｎ　reｃent yearｓ　hａve　scienｔisｔs made ｍajor　progress ｉn ｕndersｔandｉｎｇ　ｔｈe　molｅcuｌａr syｓtems ｔｈat　ｒegulａte theｍ. Tｈe circadian ｐacemaker—ｃontrｏｌ　center—iｎ ｈumanｓ　is located in　thｅ ｂrain.　A cｌusｔeｒ （簇)　of only several ｔhousanｄ neｒve　ceｌls goveｒns a wide　ranｇe oｆ 2４-hour variations　in ｏuｒ body, ｒａｎｇｉnｇ from　cｈanges　iｎ hoｒｍｏｎal　ｌeveｌs ａnd body　tｅmperaｔｕre to exposiｔｉon to diseaｓｅ． Undｅrｓｔanｄｉng　thｅ detaｉleｄ worｋings oｆ tｈe circadｉaｎ clock ｍay ｅxplain why hｅarｔ attaｃｋs　occur moｒe　often in　ｔhe mｏrning　ａnd whｙ ｔhe incideｎce　oｆ　ｃougｈiｎg is more ｃomｍoｎ ａｔ ｎight.

３6． Thｅ ｍain idea ｏf ｔｈis　pasｓage can be anｙ ｏne　of the foｌlowing EＸCEＰT _____＿＿_．
Ａ. ｉnｔernａl ｃｌocksﻩ ﻩ B. cｉrｃaｄｉａｎ clocｋs
　 C.　menｔａl cｌocｋｓﻩﻩﻩﻩD. ｂioｌoｇicaｌ ｃlocks
37. Tｈｅ daｉｌｙ cｈaｎges ｉｎ　our bｏdy aｒe goｖerneｄ by ＿______＿.
　　A. ｓcientistｓ ﻩＢ. hｕmａns ouｒｓelves
Ｃ.　oｕｒ mindﻩﻩ ﻩＤ. nｅrｖe cells
38． Wｈat does ｔhe　case ｏf “ｒeseａrch volunｔeers ｌiving in　a dark　rooｍ”　inｄｉcaｔe?
　　 Ａ． Ｔhe ｄａｉly　rhythms ｃontinｕｅ　despiｔe ｏutｓｉｄe inflｕences.
Ｂ. Those ｖolｕｎteers conｔinuｅｄ　tｈeir　cycle witｈout any ｃｈanｇes.
　 C.　Tｈe pattｅrn　ｒｅmａiｎs uncｈaｎgｅｄ ｗith tｈｅ iｎtｅrnal influｅnｃes．
Ｄ. Sｕnrｉse　aｎd ｓunseｔ hｅｌｐ　thｅ ｖｏlunｔeers　to keep tiｍｅ.
39. Hoｗ do ｉnternal clockｓ ａffecｔ ｏur ｈealth？
A.　Many　oｆ　us hａve thｅ miseraｂle experiｅnce ｏｆ jｅt　ｌaｇ．　
　B. Tｈｅ nｉght shift is ａｍonｇ　thｏse wｅ ｃan ｎot ａvｏｉｄ.
　C. Wｅ　wｉll not　ｆｅｅｌ weｌl ｉf ｎatural　rhｙｔｈｍs are chanｇeｄ.
Ｄ. Pｒobleｍs wiｔh　iｎteｒnal cloｃks ｃaｎ usｕallｙ　be solveｄ　within　ａ ｆamｉｌｙ．　
40. Ｉt can ｂe　infｅｒred tｈat _______＿__＿___.
　 A. we　ｎoｗ　knoｗ　wｈｙ certaｉn hｅalth ｐroblems occur　more ofｔen　at　particｕlar　timeｓ.
B. it　is noｗ easy tｏ finｄ oｕt ｏｎe＇s health ｐrobleｍs.
　 C． we　ｄｏn't　kｎow　ｔｈe　causｅs　oｆ ｈeａrｔ aｔtａcks ａｔ times．
D. coｕghiｎｇ proｂlem is　noｔ ｓerioｕs　at daytｉme.

Paｓsage Three　
Ｍanagerｓ ｏf　ｍosｔ　bｕｓiｎesseｓ wanｔ ｈｉgh pｒofｉｔs in orｄeｒ ｔｏ pay higｈ diｖｉdeｎds （红利） tｏ inｖeｓtors. Ｆｏr　this reason,　ｔｈey ａim tｏ keeｐ cｏst