人教版高中英语语法大全归纳总结.doc

高中英语语法权威解析
目录:
第01章 名词性从句
第02章 “It”使用方法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
第03章 高中英语语法中省略现象
第04章 主谓一致
第05章 动词不定式
第06章 倒装结构
第07章 定语从句
第08章 被动语态
第09章 祈使句
第10章 感叹句
第11章 疑问句
第12章 名词
第一章 名词性从句

　　在句子中起名词作用句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句功效相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，所以依照它在句中不一样语法功效，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一． 主语从句
　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句连接词没有改变。而it引导强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，不论强调是什么成份，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。比如：
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.　我对你成功是否不感兴趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.　谋杀案是在早上发生。（强调句型）
d) It is John that broke the window.　是John打坏窗户。（强调句型）

2. 用it 作形式主语结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 恰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 听说…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首五种情况：
（1）if 引导主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said /reported…结构中主语从句不可提前。比如：
正确表示：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
错误表示：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
（3）It happens/occurs…结构中主语从句不可提前。比如：
正确表示：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表示：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中主语从句不可提前。比如：
正确表示：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表示：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
（5）含主语从句复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。比如：
正确表示：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表示：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时区分
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成份，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。比如：
a) What you said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a consolation

二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词宾语
(1) 由that引导宾语从句(that 通常能够省略), 比如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他从军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导宾语从句，比如：
a) She did not know what had happened.　她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.　我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。比如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.　她对我说她会接收我邀请。

2. 作介词宾语，比如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.　我们成功取决于我们之间合作。

3. 作形容词宾语，比如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.　我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意：that 引导从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也能够将这类词后that 从句看作原因状语从句。

4. it 能够作为形式宾语
it 不但能够作为形式主语，还能够作为形式宾语而真正宾语that 从句则放在句尾，尤其是在带复合宾语句子中。 比如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后能够用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不能够用that引导宾语从句。如：
正确表示：I admire their winning the match.
错误表示：I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。比如：
正确表示：He impressed the manager as an honest man.
错误表示：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后宾语从句若含有否定意义，通常要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用必定式。比如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语名词性从句，放在系动词之后，通常结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。能够接表语从句连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句that常可省略。另外，惯用还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。比如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句功效
同位语从句对于名词深入解释，说明名词详细内容，通常由that引导，比如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中位置
同位语从句有时能够不紧跟在它所说明名词后面，而是被别词隔开。比如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句区分
(1) 定语从句中that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成份（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中that是连词，只起连接主句与从句作用，不充当句中任何成份。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性，其功效是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性，其功效是对名词进行补充说明。比如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国消息是他讲。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成份）

高一英语名词性从句专题练习
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.
A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about
3. Energy is ____makes thing work..
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there B. in which C. where D. when
6. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A. that B. which C. of which D. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
11. Is _____he said really true?
A. that B. what C. why D. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. if C. that D. for
14. ???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If
16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. That C. Who D. How
17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.
A. What B. It C. All that D. That
19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped
20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where

Keys:
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第二章 “It”使用方法及其句型和固定搭配讲解

　　"It" 使用方法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法重点、难点，又是近几年高考热点，所以应给予充分重视，现将it使用方法归纳以下：
　　一、It用作实词
　　表示以下概念:指代前文提到事物，前文中this, that；代替前文中内容；指代一位性别不明小孩或未知人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……
二、It用作形式主语
　　代替作主语从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语常见句型：
1. 代作主语动词不定式，其句型为
(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.
例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3) It代替作主语动名词常见句型
It's no good/use doing…
It's (well)worth doing…
It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do…
It's (well)worth while doing/ to do
例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.
2. It代替作主语从句常见句型
(1) It is + noun +从句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2) It is adj. +clause
It's surprising that… (should)………竟然……
It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……
例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze
/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…
例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)
(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)
(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）
例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
三、It作主语句型
1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事
例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…（不）像某人做某事格调
例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.
3. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事时候了
例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action.
4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了
例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.
5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已经有多长时间不发生了
例 It's 10 years that he lived here
6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了
例 It was not long before they arrived.
四、It 作形式宾语
用来代替作宾语从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式宾语常见句型：
1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.
2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…
verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…
(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.
4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
5. v. +it + prep. + that…
owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做
take it for granted that …想当然
keep it in mind that…
例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句动词后面，尤其是表示好恶动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后
例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.
7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外）
例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.
五、强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外任何句子成份。当被强调部分是人时也能够用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：
1. 请注意强调句型特殊疑问句
例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？
2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导从句
例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调位置上
例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.
4. 注意强调句型与定语从句区分
例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)
It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)
六、It 惯用固定搭配
1. make it
(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时抵达
例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
(2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”
例 —Shall we meet next week?
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.
2. as it is
(1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“实际上，实际情况是……”
例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.
(2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”
例 Leave the table as it is.
3. as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说，能够说，换句话说”
例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.
4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without, or but for, 表示“假如不是……，要不是……”
例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.
5. that's it
(1). 相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别了”
例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it.
(2). 相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”
例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
—That's it.
6. catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受处罚”
例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
7. have it
(1).相当于say, insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”
例 Rumour has it th