专升本英语重点归纳.doc

第三课
1. count on: to rely on； depend on 依靠，依赖
You can count on my help.
你能够依赖我帮助
4. available adj.
可用到, 可利用,
Chinese commodities available for export are varied.
中国可供出口商品种类繁多。
I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.
对不起,这种外套没有你要颜色和尺码。
The lawyer is not available now.
律师现在没空。
approachable
可靠近, 平易近人, 亲切
You'll find the headmaster a very approachable person.
你将会发觉校长十分平易近人。
9. recall:回顾, 回想, 记起, 取消
Recall the misery of the past and contrast it with the happiness of today.
"想想过去苦,比比今天甜。"
retain:保持, 保留
retain an appearance of youth
保有年轻外貌
remind:提醒, 使想起
Remind me to write to Mother.
提醒我给妈妈写信。
This reminds me of last year.
这使我想起去年事。
12. intensively adv.
强烈地, 集中地
intensive reading 精读
intensive farming
细耕农业, 集约农业
originally adv. 最初, 原先
originally named Johnston.
他原本名叫庄士顿
19. intimate adj.
亲密, 隐私
an intimate letter.
私人信件
initial
最初, 词首, 初始
the initial issue of a magazine
杂志创刊号
Incredible
难以置信
gave an incredible explanation of the cause of the accident
20. look into
向...里面看, 窥视； 浏览；观察, 调查
run into 偶然遇见，偶然发觉 遭遇，陷入（某件事）
ran into an old friend.
与一个老朋友不期而遇
His net worth runs into seven figures.
他净值达成了七位数
come into 继承, 取得（遗产）；开始；进入
Tom came into a fortune when his uncle died.
汤姆叔叔逝世后,他得到一大笔钱。
put into 使进入, 把...翻译成
30. doubt使用方法
1. doubt当动词时,在<必定句>中后面可接if或whether。
在否定句及疑问句中可跟that从句。有时在<必定句>中也能跟that从句,但其含义是"恐怕...不会"。
doubt if (或 whether) he will win.
我怀疑他能否赢。
don''t doubt that he will win.
我毫不怀疑他会成功。
Do you doubt that he will win?
你怀疑他会成功吗?
I doubt that he will win.
恐怕他赢不了。
2. doubt of
对...抱怀疑或消极态度。
The project began badly and we doubt of its further progress.
这项工程开始就不顺利,我们怀疑能否继续进行。
3. no doubt后接that从句或介词of。
We have no doubt that you will succeed.
We have no doubt of your success.
我们毫不怀疑你会成功。
There is (It is 误) no doubt that you will succeed.
毫无疑问你会成功。
33.虚拟语气
it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj.这么句型中，当描述主语表语形容词是advisable, critical，crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, incredible, inevitable, necessary, recommend, strange, urgent等形容词时，主语从句谓语动词多用虚拟语气，假如是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略)；假如是过去时，则用should/would + have done形式。
虚拟语气:
一、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
1>虚拟语气在宾语从句中利用。
① “wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现愿望。表示现在不能实现愿望，从句中谓语动词用通常过去时；表示未来不能实现愿望，从句中谓语动词用“would / could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现愿望，从句中谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could (should) + have + 过去分词”。比如：
I wish that the rain would stop.
② 在表示提议、要求、命令等动词后宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”或是“动词原形”。比如：
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
③Would (had) rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer + 从句结构
这几个句型都表示一个“婉转责备”，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或未来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。比如：
 I'd rather (that) she stayed at home in such a bad health condition.
④expect, believe, think, suspect, imagine等动词否定或疑问形式宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形。比如：
I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.
2>虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中利用。 
作表示提议、要求、命令等名词表语从句和同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。比如：
It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad．
3>虚拟语气在主语从句中利用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。惯用形容词：natural， necessary， important， urgent， probable， desirable， advisable, essential，惯用过去分词：required, demanded, suggested, ordered recommended,。比如：
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
二、虚拟语气在其余场所利用 
1>虚拟语气在as if / as though、even if / even though等引导表语从句或状语从句中，假如从句表示动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在情况，则用通常过去时；指未来情况则用过去未来时。比如：
She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own. 
2> 虚拟语气用于句型“It is (about / high) time (that)...”中，定语从句谓语动词用通常过去时 (be用were) 或should + 动词原形。比如：
It is high time (that) we began to work.
3>虚拟语气用在if only引导感叹句中。比如：
If only he could come tomorrow.    
4>虚拟语气用在“for fear that”引发状语从句中,其形式为should +动词原形（should不能省略）。比如：   
She put a blanket over that baby for fear that he should catch cold.
第四课
21、独立主格结构在句中作状语，有自己逻辑主语, 表示一个伴随动作或情况。
主语+（副词、介词短语、形容词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式）+其它。
22. consist of 由…组成：
consist in 在于
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。
consist with 一致，符合
Theory should consist with practice.
理论应与实践相一致。
30. lay off: 辞退员工; lay down:放弃并投降;要求 …rules; lay out:设计;展览
49. on behalf of 代表, 为了; on sb.'s behalf 以某人名义; 为了某人; 代表某人
My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.
我丈夫今晚因故不能前来, 我代表他向你们致谢。
51. access:通路, 访问, 入门; have access to: 有通路，有可能，有权利
The only access to the town is across the bridge.
到镇上唯一通路是经过一座桥。
Citizens may have free accessto the library.
市民能够自由使用图书馆。
54. for fear that 唯恐, 害怕; In case 万一
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。
in case of 假如；万一
In case of rain they can't go.
万一下雨，他们就不能去了。
56.run down 停掉，耗尽,筋疲力尽
The alarm clock finally ran down.
闹钟终于停了
run into 偶然遇见，偶然发觉;遭遇，陷入（某件事）
ran into trouble 陷入麻烦
run through 穿透，刺穿
run over: 碾过; 与…相撞、撞倒，浏览
The car ran over a child.
那辆汽车碾过了孩子
run over a speech before giving it.
演说之前浏览一下演讲稿
第五课
25. event 事件;社交场所，活动; （体育运动） 比赛项目; 结果；accident 意外事件, 事故；incident 事件, 事变。
33. survive幸免于, 幸存, 生还
Few survived after the flood.
洪水过后，生还者极少。
The man was very ill, but he survived.
这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。
He survived his wife for many years.
他比妻子多活好多年。(outlive,live longer than )
比如：
Please take notes while listening to the report.
When explaining it to her, you should be patient.
40. decline：To express polite refusal.婉拒，谢绝
reject 拒绝; 否决, 驳回, 丢弃
refuse 拒绝, 谢绝; 表示不情愿（做某事)
45. accuse:控告, 训斥, 非难
The police accused him of murder.
警方指控他谋杀。
charge:使负担;收费; 控告 （ in charge of: 负责）
charged him with the task of watching the young swimmers.
使他负担起看护年轻游泳者任务
The police charged him with car theft. Critics charged the writer with a lack of originality.
警方以偷车罪指控他。评论家指责这位作家缺乏独创性
47. account for 造成，引发
Bad weather accounted for the long delay.
长久延缓是因为坏天气
做出解释，说明：
The suspect couldn't account for his time that night.
嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他时间安排
count on： rely on; depend on:依靠，依赖：
You can count on my help.
你能够依赖我帮助
56. Angry as he was, he had to smile.
Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.
用带as倒装结构表示让步意义，表示强烈对照。
补语＋代词和系动词
副词＋as＋代词和行为动词
倒装结构:
学生轻易混同是全部倒装与部分倒装。怎样区分之，编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep．)提前全倒装，其它句式部分倒；否定提前倒助动，让步状语倒表语；复合句式倒主句不倒装属特殊。
A、Here comes the bus．(副词提前，全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语，不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前，全倒装)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前，部分倒装)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句，表语倒装
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in．(only 修饰状语，主句倒装
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语．不倒装)
 H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前，部分倒装
第六课
2. condemn sb.'s behaviour 训斥某人举动
condemn sb. to death 判某人死刑
lecture:严厉地劝导或责备
He always lecturs me about my manners.
总是训斥我礼貌
reflects on her country's place in history.
思索她国家在历史上地位
3. run out:用完；耗尽：
Our supplies finally ran out.
我们供给终于耗尽了
逐出：强使离去；驱逐：
We ran him out of town.
期满：因期满或疏漏而无效：
an insurance policy that had run out.
已过期保险单
5. much less 更不用说
I can hardly walk, much less run.
我几乎走不动，更不用说跑了。
much more 更何况
"It is difficult to understand his theses, much more his lectures."
“他写论文极难懂,他讲座就更难懂了。
14. figure out 算出；了解
We must figure out how to solve the problem.
我们必须想出处理这个问题方法。
I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.
我想不出那位戴墨镜夫人是谁。
18. convict vt.（常与of连用）证实有…罪；
He was convicted of murder.
他被判犯有谋杀罪。
25. substitute A for B 用A代
B substitute sb. by [with] another
用他人接替某人
28. incompatible adj.不能友好共存
His plan is incompatible with my intentions.
他计划与我意图相抵触。
Water is incompatible with fire.
水火不相容。
第七课
take (full) advantage of sth. to do:充分利用某事物去做…
show interest in (对…产生兴趣)
provide sb. with sth.(给某人提供某物)gain profit from …(从…中取得利益)
5. much less 更不用说
I can hardly walk, much less run.
我几乎走不动，更不用说跑了。
much more 更何况
"It is difficult to understand his theses, much more his lectures."
“他写论文极难懂,他讲座就更难懂了。
14. figure out 算出；了解
We must figure out how to solve the problem.
我们必须想出处理这个问题方法。
I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.
我想不出那位戴墨镜夫人是谁。
18. convict vt.（常与of连用）证实有…罪；He was convicted of murder.
他被判犯有谋杀罪。
25. substitute A for B 用A代
B substitute sb. by [with] another
用他人接替某人
28. incompatible adj.不能友好共存
His plan is incompatible with my intentions.
他计划与我意图相抵触。
Water is incompatible with fire.
水火不相容。
第八课
3. get away 脱身，逃脱;离开，走开
get off 起程;开火
get over 做完；痊愈，康复;克服
It took me a long time to get over my cold.
我感冒过了很久才好。
Can we get over this difficulty?
我们能克服这个困难吗？
get through 接通（电话）让人了解;完成
Get it through to him that he must rest.
要让他了解他该休息了。
4. Birds differ from mammals.
鸟类与哺乳动物不一样。
People vary in intelligence.
人智力因人而异
distinguish 分辨; （常与from, between连用）区分；区分
Can you distinguish between those two objects?
你能区分那两个物体吗?
Speeches distinguishes man from the animals.
言语使人区分于动物。
5. bring about 引发; 致使; 造成; 达成
bring off 实现，完成：
bring off a successful advertising campaign.
赢得了一场广告战
bring out 出版；生产；制造
to bring out a new kind of soap
bring to 使…恢复知觉
7. take after 相同
She takes after her mother.
take off 脱掉（衣服）;（飞机）起飞
I take my hat off to him for the way he arranged the party.
我对他安排社交聚会方式表示佩服。
The plane took off at three o'clock.
飞机三点钟起飞了。
take down 拿下，拆开；拆散;记下
take down the Christmas tree.
take from 减去; 减损; 降低
11. find 找到, 发觉, find out发觉;揭露；查出
found a solution
Please find out what time the delegation will come.
请查一查代表团什么时候来。
12. waste away 日益消瘦, 日渐衰弱
use up 用光，用光，耗尽：
used up all our money.
go off离开, 逝世, 消失, 变质
wear out 消瘦, 穿破, 用坏, 疲劳
14. fast 和 rapid 通常能够交换， 然而fast 更多指运动中人或物， 而rapid 指相关活动或运动：
a fast car; 飞驰汽车；
a rapid mountain stream; 轻快山溪；
Quick 大多指花费极少时间或反应或动作灵敏：
Let's eat a quick snack.
让我们吃一顿快餐吧!
16. whole， all， entire， gross， total
这三个形容词所共同中心意思是“包含每个成份或个体”：
a whole town devastated by an earthquake;
地震所破坏整个镇子；
all the class going on a field trip;
参加郊游全体班级组员；
entire freedom of choice; 完全选择自由；
gross income; 总收入；
the total cost. 全部费用 (partial) 总计，总额，总数
18. now that
Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了, 就不应该依靠你父母。
Now(that) he is well again, he can go on with his English study.
既然恢复了健康, 他就能够继续学习英语。
33. Nothing has resulted from his efforts.
他努力终成泡影。
Smoke arose from the chimney.
烟从烟筒冒出来。
Accidents arise from carelessness.
疏忽大意往往会引发事故发生。
第十课
21. come up 显现；出现：升到地平线上：提升，靠近
The question never came up.
从不曾发生过这个问题
came up and said hello.
come up with
宣告或发觉; 想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生
He couldn't come up with an answer.
He couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.
那时他想不出一个适宜答案。
25. ensure确保, 担保; 确保, 确保, 确保
Our precautions ensured our safety.
我们预防方法确保了我们安全.
We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.
我们能够确保把工作做好。
assure 向…确保 ;给予信心；使放心
He assured us that the train would be on time.
向我们确保火车将会按时抵达
The news assured us.
这消息使 我们放心了。
5. bring about 引发; 致使; 造成; 达成
bring off 实现，完成：
bring off a successful advertising campaign.
赢得了一场广告战
bring up 照料，教育（小孩
to bring out a new kind of soap
bring forward 呈上；提出：
bring forward proof.提交证据
7. agree on 对…意见一致
agree with 一致；相符合
agree with sb. 同意某人话
适宜健康；与…相宜
The liquor did not agree with me.
这酒不适合我喝。
34. in regard of[to] /with regard to 关于
in terms of 以…观点；就…而
in touch with 同...有联络
in line with 符合
37. bear， endure， stand， suffer， tolerate
bear 更多地适适用于承受能力：
I couldn't bear his lying.
suffer 侧重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快、甚至于痛苦事”。
endure 强调“长时间忍受痛苦而不屈服”。
What can't be cured must be endured.
治不好病就必须忍受.
tolerate 和 stand 都表示“忍受令人生厌事”
stand 常与 bear 通用，假如用词确切，stand 总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”“忍受”。
40.愉快,迷人，可爱
a lovely meal 愉快一餐
a lovely cool drink 沁人心脾冷饮
Your portable computer is a lovely job.
你手提电脑真不错。
have a lovely time 过得很愉快
others 和some对比使用时, 是“有些”意思而不是做“其余”讲,
Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor.
有擦窗户, 有擦地板。
the others 是“其余”意思, 表示在一个范围内其余全部。
This dictionary is better than the others.
这本字典比别[其余]好。
the other 是其中“另一个”,
Give me the other one; not this one. 给我那一个, 不是这一个。
两个中“另一个”是“the other”; 不定数目中“另一个”是“another” , This glass is broken. Get me another.
这个杯子坏了, 给我另拿一个来。(在许多杯子中一个)
One ….another
There to be 和 there being 使用方法
There+be是一个常见“表示存在”句型。 There+be后可接名词或动名词。
There must be rules for the changes. 这些改变一定是有规则。
There is no knowing what may happen. 谁也不知道将要发生什么事。
下面就there to be 和 there being 使用方法做一简明介绍。
１.there to be 使用方法
1) 用作动词复合宾语。
Would you like there to be a picture on the wall?　
你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗？
We don’ want there to bve any commrade lagging behind.　
我们不希望有一个同志掉队。
I don't want there to bwe any misunderstanding between us.
我不希望我们之间有什么误会。
2) 用在It be + adj. for...结构中
It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 　
不可能在有机会了。
It was too late for there to be any buses. 　　　　　
时间太晚，不会有汽车了。
We waited for there to be another opportunity.　　
我们期待着还有下一次机会。
2. there being 使用方法
1) 用作介词后复合宾语
I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 　
我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。
I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us.
认为我们之间有误解是我错误。2) 作状语用独立结构
There being nothing to do, we went home.
因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.
因为身边没有他人，我只好自己干了。
第十一课
1. attach to 加于…之上
No blame attaches to him for the accident.
这个事故他没有受到责备。
We should attach primary importance to the development of economy.
我们要把发展经济工作放在第一位。
第十二课答案
21-40
ACDDC DAABD DBACB
41-60
CBACD DBBBD AADBD CCDCA
61-75
BDCAC CADCB CADCC
76. 今来信通知关于上月贵企业发货给我们ESPSON 激光打印机事宜，并就上互联网一事向你们请教。
77. 您可能记得4月18日我们收到你们发来25台ESPSON激光打印机。
78. 令人遗憾是，其中三台打印机不能正常工作－ 送抵不顺，而且打印也经常不清楚。
79. 假如你们能尽快派一名工程师前来处理这些问题，我们将十分感激。
80. 我们还想在今年使我部上互联网，请你把现在所掌握关于最新一代调制解调器信息寄给我好吗？
Cloze
CABCD CDABC CDDBC ACDBC
写 作
A Letter of Apology:
256 Weeton Road,
2nd Floor,
Hong Kong
7th June,
Dear David,
I am very sorry that I could not meet you last night. I hope that you did not wait too long outside the New York Theatre. I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home. She was a long time at the doctor's and she arrived home very late. I ran all the way to the bus-stop, but I had already missed the bus. I decided to get on a tram and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight o'clock. I did not think that you would still be there because I was three-quarters of an hour late. I do hope that you will forgive me.
Your friend,
Peter
A Letter of Congratulation:
55 Fifth Avenue'
New York 10003
October 19th,
Mr. Joseph R. Smith
4903 Ellis Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60607
Dear Mr. Smith,
As soon as I heard of your election to the board of directors of your firm, I felt I must write you to let you know how happy I am in your advancement.
All of your friends have felt that, in spite of the great difficulties you have faced in your climb up through the ranks, the outstanding ability we all recognized in you could not go unacknowledged. This advancement is certainly your due