反义疑问句知识小结.doc

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反义疑问句知识小结
一、概念：
反意疑问句是指针对某一事件提出疑问以向对方求证的一问句。其意为“……，是吗／不是吗？”
二、结构：　陈述句　＋　简短问句
三、一般特征：肯定　＋　否定问句； 　否定　＋　肯定问句
如：You are a student, aren’t you?
You are not a student, are you?
四、分类：
（一）前部分陈述如果用肯定形式，后部分则用否定的形式；如果前部分用否定形式，后部分用肯定形式。其结构应注意以下17种情况：
1、前部分的谓语是be, have, had better或情态动词，反意问句部分仍用这些动词。例如：
? You had better go no, hadn’t you?
? She can speak French, can’t she?
2、前部分的谓语是行为动词；反意部分用do或did的肯定或否定式。例如：
(1) You had breakfast at six this morning, didn’t you？
(2) He doesn’t like sports, does he?
3、前部分的谓语是there be，反意问句部分也用there be的形式。例如：
(1) There is a radio on the table, isn’t there?
Yes, there is/isn’t.
(2) There was a tall tree in the garden, wasn’t there?
4、前句的谓语动词为have (has) to / had to时，其疑问部分的谓语动词通常用do的适当形式。例如：
(1) They had to leave early, didn’t they?
(2) We have to get up at four tomorrow, don’t we?
5、前句的为主动词为used to时，其疑问部分的谓语动词可采取两种形式。例如：
(1) There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n’t there / didn’t there?
(2) He used to live in London, use (d)n’t he / didn’t he?
6、前句的谓语动词是ought to，则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought / oughtn’t代替。如：
(1) He ought to be punished, oughtn’t heu?
(2) Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
注意：在正式文体中，用“ought + 主语 +not”形式。如：
We ought to go, ought we not?
7、当陈述部分有dare或need时，若dare和need为实义动词时，疑问部分的谓语用do 的适当形式；若dare和need为情态动词，疑问部分用dare或need构成。如：
(1) You daren’t go there, dare you? (情态动词)
(2) We need to do it, don’t we? (实义动词)
8、含有情态动词must的句子表示推测，作“想必”解时，疑问部分要根据must后面的不定式结构的时态来确定，而不能用mustn’t。
(1) 若前句强调对现在情况的推测，疑问部分用“aren’t / isn’t + 主语”。如：
?You must be tired, aren’t you? （你想必太累了，不是吗？）
(2) 若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时，问句部分则用needn’t。如：
? You must go home right now, needn’t you? (你现在有必要回家一趟，不是吗？)
(3) 当musn’t表示“禁止”时，问句部分一般用must。如：
? You musn’t walk on grass, must you? (禁踏草坪，不是吗？)
(4) 前句谓语动词是“must have + 过去分词”时，若前句强调对过去情况的推测（一般有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用“idn’t + 主语”若前句强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词要用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主语”。如：
? You must have seen the film, haven’t you? (强调动作的完成)
? He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he? (强调对过去的推测)
9、陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀（前缀或后缀）时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。如：
? He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?
? What he said is useless, isn’t it?
10、如果陈述部分的主语为everyone, someone, no one等不定代词，其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they，因而疑问部分的谓语动词也可用复数形式。例如：
? No one was hurt, were they / wasn’t he?
? Everyone knows their job, don’t they?
? Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?
11、如果陈述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定词，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
? He is hardly 14 years old, is he?
? He has no money, has he?
12、陈述部分的主语是指示代this, that等时，疑问部分的主语在形式上与前者不同，但在逻辑上却与前者一致。如： ? This is very important, isn’t it?
13、陈述部分是I’m…结构，疑问部分一般用aren’t I。如：? I’m late, aren’t I?
14、陈述部分的主语是one，疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one，而在非正式场合用you。如：
?One can’t be too careful, can one (正式) you(非正式)？
15、陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish等时，疑问部分的谓语动词用may，且前、后两部分均用肯定形式。如：
? I wish to go home now, may I?
? He wishes you successful, may he?
16、陈述部分如果是“I don’t think (believe, suppose, expect, etc.) +宾语从句”时，疑问部分中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致，前且要用肯定形式。如：
? I don’t believe she knows it, does she?
? I don’t think he can finish the work, can he?
17、感叹句的反意疑问一律用否式，并用be的一般现在时。如：
? How cool the weather is, isn’t it?
? What a lovely day, isn’t it?
（二）陈述部分用肯定，后一部分的提问也用肯定形式。其使用有三种情况：
1、祈使句的反意疑问句一般用肯定式，表示客气。如：
? Let’s go there, shall we?
? Let us go there, will you?
? Have a cup of tea, will you?
2、有时用这种结构表示讥讽、感叹等。如：
?So that’s your little trick, is it? (那就是你的把戏啰？)
3、表示怀疑，请对加以证实。如：
? Your bike is outside, is it?
[历年高考真题再现]
1. – Why does she always ask you for help?
– There is no one else _____, is there? (北京2005，35)
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
2. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ______? (上海2005，29)
A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it
3. He never said that he was good at mathematics, _____? (北京2005春，24)
A. was he B. wasn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he
4. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ________?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he （上海2004，31）
5.There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____?
A. didn’t they B. don’t they
C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
（上海2004春，31）
6. If you want help — money or anything, let me know, _____ you?（上海2003，29）
A. don’t B. will C. shall D. do
7. Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _____?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t he D. does he （上海2002春，28）
8. Brain told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, _____? （上海2002春，24）
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he
9. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _____?（上海2001，30）
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
10. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _____? （上海2000，21）
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it
11. – Alice, you feed the bird, _____ ? – But I fed it yesterday.（NMET 99，10）
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
12. If I knew the answer, I wouldn’t be asking, _______? （上海 96）
A. didn’t I B. did I C. would I D. wouldn’t I
13. His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, ____ she? （上海 94）
A. did B. had C. didn’t D. hadn’t
14. Be sure to write to us, _____? (MET 93)
A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you
15.Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ______? A. do you B. will you
C. can you D. could you (MET 91)
16. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _______?
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we (MET 90)
[跟踪练习]
17. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
18. You think he is a doctor, ______?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. do you D. don’t you
19. Let us pass, ______?
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
20. Wait a minute, ____?
A. shall you B. will you C. do you D. don’t you
21. I wish to call on you tonight, _______?
A. do I B. will I C. must I D. may I
22. Nothing seems to please her, ______?
A. does it B. doesn’t it C. is it D. isn’t it
23. You must have been there, ______?
A. have you B. did you C. haven’t you D. didn’t you
24. There used to be a church behind the cemetery, _______?
A. didn’t there B. used there C. usedn’t it D. didn’t it
25. What fresh air, _____?
A. is it B. does it C. isn’t it D. doesn’t it

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