高考英语虚拟语气总结优秀(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Edited,designed,and polished by He Jincheng from Lianlv Middle School.,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气高考语法专题总结,Introduction,If,虚拟条件句,虚拟语气特殊句型,虚拟语气高考考点及要点归纳,Contents,www.ppthi-,虚拟语气高考专题专练,1.,英语动词有三种语气，,陈述语气,，,祈使语气,和,虚拟语气,。,2.,定义,：用来表示所说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,3.,虚拟语气的特点,1.,虚拟语气用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非事实的观念。,2.,虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。,3.,这些特点决定了它必须使用不同于真实句的动词形式。,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,一,.,虚拟语气在条件句中的应用,条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,If there,were,no subjunctive mood,English,would be,much easier.,The volleyball match,will be put off,if it,rains,.,真实条件句,虚拟条件句,动词形式,If,从句,主 句,should+v.,were to+v.,动词的过去式,(be,用,were),would/should/could/,might+v.,原形,过去式,(be,的过去式用,were),would/should/could/,might+v.,原形,had+,过去分词,would/should/could/,might+have+,过去分词,与,将来,事实相反,与,现在,事实相反,与,过去,事实相反,虚拟条件句分为三类：与现在事实相反的情况；与过去事实相反的情况；与将来事实相反的情况。构成方式如下：,Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _,time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.,A.have hadB.had had C.have D.had,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为,:,抱歉,我现在太忙了。要是有时间的话我一定会和你一起出去逛逛。本题考查,if,引导的虚拟条件句对现在事实的虚拟。故,if,条件句中用一般过去时。,D,项为一般过去时,符合题意。,A,项为现在完成时,;B,项为过去完成时,;C,项为一般现在时。,【2012,湖南,卷,T29】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.,A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken,【解析】,答案为,B,。,句意：,“如果我们走另外一条路，我们就有可能及时赶到这儿参加会议。”由句意可知，实际上我们没有走另外一条路，所以没能及时赶到这儿参加会议。本题是对过去动作的虚拟。对过去动作虚拟时，主句用了,might+have+,过去分词，从句用过去完成时,had+,过去分词。,【2010,陕西,卷,T15】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,If he _my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.,A.followed,B.should follow,C.had followed,D.would follow,【解析】,答案为,C,。,本题考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：如果他当初听了我的建议，他就不会失去工作了。由句意可知从句是对过去动作的虚拟，对过去动作虚拟时，从句应用过去完成时，故选,C,。,【2010,湖南,卷,T29】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,This printer is of good quality.If it _ break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.,A.would B.should C.could D.might,【,解析,】,答案为,B,。,考查虚拟语气的用法，表示将来不大可能发生的情况。句意为：这个打印机的质量很好,如果在一年内出现故障,我们将免费维修。,2009,天津卷,虚拟语气高考真题再现,Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _,there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.,A.lives B.would live C.has live D.were to live,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为,:,格雷丝不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果住在那里就不能经常见到父母了。主句说明了客观事实,if,从句是对将来事实的假设,故在条件状语从句中用,were to live,。,【2012,安徽,卷,T31】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,二,.,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用,1.,w,ish,后接的宾语从句,表示动作所发生的时间,谓语动词的虚拟形式,动作发生在主句动作之前,had+,过去分词,动作与主句动作同时发生,did(be,动词用,were),动作发生在主句动作之后,would/could/might+,动词原形,I wish every day,were,my birthday.,I wish I,hadnt made,such a mistake.,3.He wishes he,could become,a scientist some day.,Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.,I wish they _ always late.,A.werent B.hadnt been,C.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been,【解析】,答案为A,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为：,孩子们在那里？晚饭都快要糟蹋了。,但愿他们别老是迟到。表示与现在试试相反的虚拟语气要用过去时，故选,A,。,【2012,北京,卷,T28】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,2.would rather that,I would rather you,paid,me now.,I would rather you,had seen the film,yesterday.,Dont come.I would rather you,came,tomorrow.,would rather,had rather,would sooner,等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。在不同情况下，其虚拟语气的结构为：,表示现在或将来的愿望：,did,表示过去的愿望：,had done,George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ more on its culture.,A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused,【解析】,答案为,B,。,考查虚拟语气。句意：,George,打算讨论他的国家的地理情况，但我宁愿他更多地关注文化。,would rather,后应用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反的情况，用动词的过去式。故选,B,。,【2010,江苏,卷,】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，谓语动词“,should+,动词原形”，,should,可以省略。,【,助记,】,口诀记忆虚拟动词,一坚持,(insist),二命令,(order,，,command),三建议,(suggest,propose,advise),四要求,(require,，,request,，,demand,ask),3.,表示要求,命令,建议等动词后的宾语从句。,My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.,A.should B.might C.could D.would,【解析】,答案为,A,。,考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为,suggest,，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“（,should+,）动词原形”的虚拟语气，故选,A,。,【2013,陕西,卷,T12】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.,A.was B.be C.were D.is,【解析】,答案为,B,。,考查虚拟语气。句意,:,眼科医生建议,孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在,6,个月大时进行。,recommend,建议,其宾语从句中用,should do,表虚拟语气,且,should,可以省略。故选,B,。,【2013,浙江,卷,T08】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,注意,:,如,suggest,insist,表示“建议”或“坚持要求”时，后接宾语从句使用虚拟语气；若它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。,1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.,2.He insisted that she _(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospital at once.,3.He suggested that we _(have)a meeting at once.,4.His pale face suggested that he _(be)ill.,obey,was,be sent,have,was,表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词,advice,desire,decision,idea,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish,等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语从句时要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用,(should+),动词原形。,Its suggested that the plan,be carried out,.,My demand is that she,should come,to see me once a week.,All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory,should be closed down,.,三,.,虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用,1.Its+adj./n.+that,从句,在该结构中，若形容词为,necessary/strange/natural/essential/important/a pity/a shame/no wonder,等时，,that,引导的从句要用虚拟语气,即,(should)+,动词原形。,It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.,It is strange that he should speak to his father like that.,Its necessary that we should study hard.,It is a pity that we should not meet last night,四,.,虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用,Dont you think it is necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?,I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.,A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that,C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what,【解析】,答案为,B,。,考查虚拟语气,与名词性从句,。,Its necessary that,结构要求后接的,that,从句使用虚拟语气,即,(should)+,动词原形,;,根据答语判断，应是由,that,引导的表语从句，,故选,B,。,not be sent,相当于,should not be sent,。,【2005,江苏,卷,】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,2.It is suggested+that,从句,在,“It is ordered(suggested,requested,required,proposed,等,)+that,从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用“,should+,动词原形”，,should,可省略。,It is suggested that he(should)not spend too much time playing games.,建议他不要花太多时间玩游戏。,1.as if/though+,方式状语从句,She loves the baby as if it,were,her own son.,They began to talk warmly as if they,had known,each other for long.,He coughed twice as if someone,should come,.,五,.,虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用,表示动作所发生的时间,谓语动词的虚拟形式,动作发生在主句动作之前,had+过去分词,动作与主句动作同时发生,did(be 动词用were),动作发生在主句动作之后,would/could/should/might+,动词原形,Dont handle the vase as if it _,made of steel.,A.is B.were C.has been D.had been,【解析】,答案为,B,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为,:,不要把那个花瓶当作是钢铁做的那样处理。,as if,引导的是状语从句,从句中用虚拟语气,;,与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中,常用,were,代替,was,。,【2010,北京,卷,T35】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.,A.as if B.in case C.while D.though,【解析】选,A,。,考查状语从句,中的虚拟语气,。句意：杰克没说一句话，但老师却对着他微笑，好像（,as if,）他做了什么聪明事似的。,【2011,湖南,卷,T33】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.,A.was happening B.happens,C.has happened D.,（,had,）,happened,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气。,as if,仿佛,好像,其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：,Eliza,清楚地记得每一件事,仿佛它是昨天发生的！,【2006,全国,I,卷,】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,【,名师点津,】,如果,as if/as though,后的从句有明显的迹象表示可能发生时，不用虚拟语气。,It is so cloudy.It looks as if it is going to rain.,天阴得厉害，似乎要下雨了。,2.so that/in order that+,目的状语从句,在,in case,lest,for fear that,in order that,so that,等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“,could/might/would/should+,动词原形”,表示虚拟。,She called him,lest,he,should go,out.,They left early,for fear that,they,would meet,him.,They removed the prisoner,in order that,he,would not disturb,the proceedings any further.,The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.,A.in caseB.as if,C.in order that D.only if,【解析】选,C,。,考查状语从句和连词。句意为：为了我们能过上安全的生活，我们城市的警察工作很努力。,in case,以免，（以防）万一；,as if,好像；,in order that,为了；,only if,只有，由句意可知选,C,。,【2011,上海,卷,T33】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we,went,to bed.,Its time that we,should,go to bed.,1.Its(about/high)time+that,六,.,虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用,英语中，表示“早该做某事了”时，,后接的,that,引导的,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：,It is(high/about)time(that)+,主语,+,动词的过去式,/should+,动词原形。,Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _,something instead of just talking.,A.will do B.has done,C.do D.did,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为,:,杰克很健谈。他早就应该行动起来而不是夸夸其谈。,Its high time,后面跟的,that,从句要用虚拟语气,结构有两种,:,一种是动词过去式,另一种是,should+,动词原形。故选,D,。,【2012,辽宁,卷,T33】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为,if,引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：,七,.,含蓄的虚拟语气,1.,由,Without,but for,等介词短语构成含蓄的虚拟语气。,Without,air,no one could live.,(=If there were no air,no one could live.),But for,your help,I would have failed.,(=If it hadnt been for his help,I would have failed.),But for,water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.,I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.,A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go,C.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone,【解析】,答案为,A,。,考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有你的热心帮助，我肯定无法度过那段艰难的日子。根据句意可知，此句为对过去事情的假设，主句应该为,“情态动词,+have done”,结构，故,A,项正确。,【2011,陕西,卷,T22】,We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.,A,will put B,will have put,C,would put D,would have put,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为：要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把,john,的名字放进昨天的比赛名单中了。这是一个含蓄性虚拟语气，可以写成,if,引导的一个主从句。,Would have done,表本应该做而没有做。,【2011,江西,卷,T28】,But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.,A.would not win,B.would not have won,C.would win D.would have won,【解析】,答案为,B,。,考查虚拟语气。,此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,句子谓语动词用,would/should/could/might+have done,结构,故选,B,。,【2009,福建,卷,】,2.,含有,but,，,or(else),otherwise,的含蓄的虚拟语气。,这是一,种,事实和虚拟假设,相,混合,的虚拟条件,句。,or,otherwise,或,but,前后并列的其中一个分句往往表示一种含蓄的虚拟语气，表示本可以做某事，但实际上并没有；而另一分句则往往陈述的是实际情况或客观事实，用陈述语气。,I didnt know that he was a cheat,or else I,wouldnt have believed him,.(or else=if I had known he was a cheat),Im really very busy,otherwise I,would certainly go,there with you.(otherwise=if I were not so busy),They _ two free tickets to Canada,otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.,A.had got B.got C.have got D.get,【解析】,答案为,B,。,考查虚拟语气。,“otherwise theyd never have been able.”,这一句用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；而“他们弄到了两张去加拿大的免费票”却是事实,故用一般过去时。,【2007,山东,卷,】,We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _,more places of interest yesterday.,A.visited B.had visited,C.would visit D.would have visited,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为,:,我们在那个小村庄里迷路了,否则昨天我们会参观更多的名胜。此题考查对过去某种情况否定的假设。因为昨天迷路,所以昨天没有参观更多地方。故谓语动词用,would have done,。,【2012,福建,卷,T31】,Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he _.,A.was busy B.is busy,C.had been busy D.will be busy,【解析】,答案为,A,。,句意：昨天，鲍勃本来可以帮助我们，但他当时太忙了。这是一个事实和虚拟假设的混合句。,but,前的句子，从,would have helped,可知这是虚拟语气，表示过去本来可以帮助我们，但实际上没有。,but,之后说明当时不能“帮助我们”的原因，是过去的客观事实，故应用一般过去时。,【2010,安徽,卷,T26】,Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.,I _ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.,A.attended B.had attended,C.would attend D.would have attended,【解析】,答案为D,。,该题考查虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句。,本题是借助于,but,且根据句意表达虚拟语气，不是借助于,if,。,句意为：,很遗憾你错过了关于核污染的演讲。,如果我不是忙于准备一份工作面试我就已经去了。答语相当于,I would have attended it,if I hadnt been busy preparing for a job interview.,【2011,福建,卷,T34】,They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.,A,will B,can C,must D,should,【解析】,答案为D,。,考查情态动词表示推测。句意：他们本应该在午饭时到达的，但他们的航班被延误了。,can,表示对过去的事情推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中；,must have done,一定做过某事；,should have done,本应该做某事，事实上没做；,will have done,是将来完成时，不表示推测。,【2011,全国,卷,1,T32】,I _ to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.,A.went B.had gone,C.would go D.would have gone,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气。根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。根据句中,last night,及,but,可知本题表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有,D,项，用情态动词过去式后加,have done,表示。,【2013,安徽,卷,T28】,We _,the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?,A.should face B.might face,C.could have faced D.must have faced,【解析】,答案为,C,。,考查虚拟语气。句意为,:,我们本来可以一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告诉我呢,?,由第二个分句可知,实际情况是“你”没告诉“我”此事,“,我们”没能共同面对困难,所以此处是对过去客观事实的虚拟,应用情态动词,could have done;,而,must have done,是对过去的推测。,【2012,北京,卷,T33】,I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.,A.had come B.was coming,C.would come D.would have come,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查虚拟语气，句意为：我就会早点来了，只是我不知道他们在等我。题干中,but I didnt know.,用了过去式，表示过去的事实，主句应表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，相当于,If I had known that they were waiting for me,I would have come sooner.,【2011,天津,卷,T15】,I told your friend how to get to the hotel,but perhaps I _ have driven her there.,A.could B.mustC.might D.should,【解析】,答案为,D,。,考查,情态动词与,虚拟语气，,could have done,（过去）可能做过；本能够做,；,must have done,（过去）肯定做过；,might have done,（过去）可能做过；,should have done,本应该做（而事实上没做）。由句意“我告诉你朋友该怎么去旅馆,但或许我应该开车送她去那儿。”可知应选,D,项。,【2007,陕西,卷,】,He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.,A.could express B.would express,C.could have expressed D.must have expressed,【解析】,答案为,C,。,考查虚拟语气。,could have expressed it differently.,他要是用另一种方式来说该多好呀。,【2009,江苏,卷,】,He paid for a seat,however,he _ have entered free.,A.couldB.would,C.mustD.need,【解析】,答案为,A,。,考查虚拟语气,。,paid,暗示时间上指的是过去,could have done,用于肯定句中表示本可以做而未做的事情；肯定句中不用,need have done;must have done,与语境不吻合。据题干可看出此处句意为“他本来可以免费入场”,因此应用,could have done,。,【2005,山东,卷,】,3.,通过上下文及内在含义,构成的含蓄的虚拟语气。,这种题型所考察的虚拟语气往往,隐含在上下文中或通过短语表示。,此时，要通过揣摩上下文语境,对文中潜在的信息加以分析判断。,根据语境及具体意义采用虚拟形式。,I _ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams.,A.shouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt,【解析】,答案为,A,。,句意为：我本来不应该看那部电影的,它会使我做噩梦的。从后半句部分“看那部电影会给带来噩梦”可知，前部分语境应是后悔看了这部电影，,shouldnt have done,意为“过去不应该做但实际上做某事”。,neednt have done,表示“过去没有必要做而实际上做了某事”；,couldnt have done,过去不可能做某过某事；,must,表示推测不可用于否定形式，故,D,项不存在。,【2010,山东,卷,T25】,What a pity!Considering his ability and experience,he _ better.,A.need have done B.must have done,C.can have done D.might have done,【解析】,答案为,D,。,本题考查情态动词与虚拟语气的用法。句意为：太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经验,他本可能做得更好。,need have done,本来有必要做（而没做）；,must have done,是对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测,表示“过去一定做了”；,can have done,是对过去发生的事情的不肯定的推测；,might have done,表示“本来可以”。,【2008,江西,卷,】,Im sorry.I _ at you the other day.,Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.,A.shouldnt shoutB.shouldnt have shouted,C.mustnt shoutD.mustnt have shouted,【解析】,答案为,B,。,本题考查情态动词的用法。句意为：“对不起,几天前我本不应该朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要放在心上。我自己有点情绪失控。”,shouldnt have done sth.,本不应该做某事,(,但已经做了,),。,【2008,江苏,卷,】,1.,由,If only,引导的感叹句中,“,要是,就好了”,If only I,knew,his name!=How I wish I,knew,his name!,If only we,had followed,your advice!,If only I,could see,him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。,要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents,could live with,us!,If only I,hadnt missed,the train!,八,.,其他类型的虚拟语气,2.,含有,If it were not for,或,If it had not been for,的虚拟条件句。,If it were not for,the rain,the crops would die.,要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。,If it had not been for,your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.,If it were not for the fact that she _ sing,I would invite her to the party.,A.couldntB.shouldnt,C.cantD.might not,【解析】,答案为,C,。,考查,情态动词与,虚拟语气。,题中,that,引导同位语从句。“,she cant sing”,是一个事实,是指在能力、技能等方面不能、不会。,【2006,福建,卷,】,虚拟语气高考真题再现,May sb.do!Adv.+verb+subject!,Heaven,help,him!,God,bless,you!,May,you,succeed,!,Long,live,the Peoples Republic of China!,3.,表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等的某些简单句的固定句型。,4.,I was wondering if you could,过去进行时表示一种婉转语气，可以使询问、请求、建议显得很有礼貌。此时，过去进行时比现在进行时和一般过去时显得更客气。这种用法仅限于,wonder,want,hope,think,等词。,I was wondering if you could me.,I was hoping you would give me some money.,We were wondering if you were free this evening.,I was thinking it might a good idea to keep the window open.,Excuse me,sir.Would you do me a favor?,Of course.What is it?,I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.,A.had wondered B.was wondering,C.would wonder D.did wonder,【解析】,答案为,B,。,【2002,北京,卷,T23】,