that引导的定语从句.doc

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that 引导的定语从句
定语从句的概念：用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词（或代词）之后，这种名词（或代词）叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which等）在定语从句中可用作主语、定语、宾语等；关系副词（when, where, why等）在定语从句中只用作状语。
限制性定从基本形式：
noun/pronoun + 关系代词/关系副词＋ 定从
先行词 (人/物)
1. I’ve read all the books (that) you lent me.
2. Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?
结构比较
1.人（n.)+ that/who +从句
比较：一位漂亮的女孩
a beautiful girl 形容词做定语
a girl that/who is beautiful 从句做定语 (girl是先行词）
2. 物（n.)+ that + 从句
比较：一本有趣的书
an interesting book形容词做定语
a book that is very interesting从句做定语（book是先行词）
成分比较
that在从句中可担任: 1.主语 2. 宾语
1. He is the man . I met the man yesterday.
He is the man that I met yesterday.
that在从句中用作宾语。
2. I like music. I can dance to music.
I like music that I can dance to.
that在从句中用作宾语。
3. I prefer a sandwich.
A sandwich is really delicious.
I prefer a sandwich that is really delicious.
that在从句中用作主语。
注意：that 在定语从句中做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致.
I prefer movies that are scary.
I like a sandwich that is really delicious.
I love the singer that is beautiful.
I have a friend that plays sports.
吉姆为我找到了我昨天丢了的那把钥匙。
Jim found the key. I lost the key yesterday.
Jim found the key that I lost yesterday.
这就是那位救了那个男孩命的大夫。
This is the doctor. He saved the boy’s life.
This is the doctor that saved the boy’s life.
昨天我收到我父母寄来的信。
I received the letter yesterday. The letter was from my parents.
I received the letter that was from my parents yesterday.
The letter that I received yesterday was from my parents
怀特夫人照看的那个小孩病了。
The child is ill. Mrs White takes care of the child.
The child that Mrs White takes care of is ill.