计算机专业英语.ppt

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,计算机专业英语,计算机专业英语,计算机专业英语课程内容,1,Unit 1 Introduction to Computers,2,Unit 2 Computer Hardware,3,Unit 3 Operation Systems,4,Unit 4 Application Software,5,Unit 5 Programming Language,6,Unit 6 Data Structure,7,Unit 7 Internet,8,Unit 8 Multimedia,单元内容安排,情景对话,Section One,文章两篇（精讲）,Section Two,技能拓展,Section There,扩展阅读,Section Four,Unit 1 Instruction to Computers,Section1 Situational Dialog,Computer Festival,Section 2 Passages,Passage A.Evolution of Computers,Passage B.Computers and Our Life,Section 3 Skill in Focus,Reading Skills:Characteristics of Computer English Text,Section 4 Extended Reading,Getting More Comfortable with Computers,Part I of Commencement Speech at Stanford Given by Steve Jobs,Part II of Commencement Speech at Stanford Given by Steve Jobs,Tips:A Desktop,Netbook,or Laptop?,Unit 1 Instruction to Computers,Section 1 Situational Dialogue,Computer Festival,1、你们学校有计算机协会吗？如果有，会开展哪些和计算机相关的社团活动？,2、如果由你是计算机协会会长，负责组织一次大学生电脑节，你将如何规划？,Unit 1 Section 1,Zhang Ning and Li Bin are student leaders from the Computer Society of Chuzhou Vocational College.They are discussing the coming College Computer Festival.,Zhang Ning,:The slogan for this years Computer Festival has been decided at the meeting.We agreed on“Im Crazy about Computers”.Discussions about the planning are drawing to a close.Have you got any further suggestions?,Li Bin,:Well,we can do more voluntary work.I mean the computer festival is not just to promote computers and peripheral digital products of our sponsors.We can also set up an inquiry desk to promote computer knowledge and help solve problems for our schoolmates.,Unit 1 Section 1,Zhang Ning,:I totally agree with you.We may even establish a voluntary team for computer service to help them in their dorms.,Li Bin,:Good idea!There are still problems with the sites for our Webpage Design Contest,Computer Assembly and Maintenance Contest and Computer Quiz.We should settle these quickly so as to begin publicizing our computer festival.,Zhang Ning,:All right.Lets consult Miss Yang for site arrangement after class this afternoon,and maybe show her our complete planning book.Is 4 oclock alright for you?,Li Bin,:Sure!Ill be here at 4 oclock.See you then.,Zhang Ning,:See you!,Unit 1 Instruction to Computers,Section 2 Passage A：Evolution of Computers,1、什么是计算机？,2、计算机的发展史是怎样的？,3、计算机是如何分类的？,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,processing speed,workstation,supercomputer,mainframe,CPU,micro computer,analytical engine,v,acuum tube,ENIAC,IBM,m,achine language,primary memory,assembly language,operating system,i,nterface,transistor,m,emory,c,ompatibility,s,preadsheet,VLSI,PC,m,icroprocessor,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,The term Computer originally meant a person capable of performing numerical calculations with the help of a mechanical computing device.,Its history may date back about 2000 years ago,at the birth of the abacus,a device,usually of wood(plastic,in recent times),having a frame that holds rods with freely-sliding beads mounted on them.,When these beads are moved around,according to programming rules memorized by the user,all regular arithmetic problems can be done.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Categories of Computers,Computers can be categorized according to their processing speed and power into the following types:,Supercomputers,Minisupercomputers,Mainframe Computers,Workstation Computers,Minicomputers,Micro Computers,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Categories of Computers,Supercomputers,The fastest,most powerful,and most expensive computers used for applications that require complex and sophisticated mathematical calculations.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Categories of Computers,Minisupercomputers,About a quarter to a half as fast in vector processing as the most powerful supercomputers.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Categories of Computers,Mainframe Computers,Large,expensive,but powerful computers that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users at the same time.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Categories of Computers,Workstation Computers,Computers with more computing capacity in its CPU than a typical personal computer.Typical users of workstations include architects,engineers,and graphics designers,since the processors can handle the huge amounts of data associated with graphic files.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Categories of Computers,Minicomputers,Mid-sized computers,usually fitting within a single cabinet about the size of a refrigerator,having less memory than a mainframe.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Categories of Computers,Micro Computer,Also called personal computers,computers that can perform all of its input,process,output,and storage activities by itself.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,Modern development in computers was started in Cambridge,England,by Charles Babbage,a mathematics professor.,He began to design an automatic mechanical calculating machine called a difference engine,but in 1833 he lost interest because he thought he had a better idea-the construction of a fully program-controlled,automatic mechanical digital computer.Babbage called this idea an Analytical Engine.,The ideas of this design showed a lot of foresight,although this couldnt be appreciated until a full century later.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The first generation,The second generation,The third generation,The fourth generation,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The first generation,The First Generation of computers is generally considered to include machines built between 1946 and 1959,of which the ENIAC(the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)was the prototype.ENIAC was built by two professors at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946.,It included 18,000 vacuum tubes,weighed more than 30 tons,occupied 15000 square feet of floor space,and consumed about 180,000 watts of electrical power.The ENIAC could perform 5,000 additions or 500 multiplications per minute.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The first generation,In the early 1950s,the first mass-produced machines became available.The IBM 650,introduced in 1954,was the first commercially successful computer.,The first generation of computers was characterized by the use of vacuum tubes and regenerative capacitor memories.These expensive and bulky computers used machine language for computing and could solve just one problem at a time.They did not support multitasking.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The second generation,The second generation computers employed a new technological innovation:the transistor.In 1956,transistors were first used in the building of computers.,In the 1960s,transistor-based computers replaced vacuum tubes.Transistors had numerous advantages over vacuum tubes:they were smaller,cheaper,and gave off less heat.,The second generation computers used magnetic cores as their primary memory.They used punched cards for input and assembly language.These computers gave users a significant increase in available memory(about 20 x).Calculation speeds also increased.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The second generation,IBM dominated the market of the second generation.Two of IBMs product lines were especially successful:the large 7000-series,and the small 1400-series.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The third generation,On April 7,1964 IBM released its System/360 line of computers.The System/360 release marked the beginning of the third generation of computers.,The System/360 computers used integrated circuits rather than individual transistors.This increased the speed and efficiency of computers.Operating systems were the human interface to computing operations and keyboards and monitors became the input-output devices.Magnetic core memory was replaced with semiconductor memories.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The third generation,The notion of upward compatibility was introduced during the third generation.(This means that applications made for a given computer/system will work with the next model,just like an Excel 97 spreadsheet will work with Excel 2000.)Sophisticated operating systems were introduced,giving used unprecedented control over the computer.,IBMs System/360 and System/370 dominated the third generation computer market through the 1970s.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The fourth generation,Changes after the IBM System/360 were evolutionary,building on existing technology rather than completely replacing existing technology.,Introduction of microprocessors(thousands of integrated circuits placed onto a silicon chip)was the hallmark of fourth generation computers.,In the 1980s,very large scale integration(VLSI),in which hundreds of thousands of transistors were placed on a single chip,became more and more common.,Many companies,some new to the computer field,introduced in the 1970s programmable minicomputers supplied with software packages.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The fourth generation,The“shrinking”trend continued with the introduction of personal computers(PCs),which are programmable machines small enough and inexpensive enough to be purchased and used by individuals.,One significant innovation of the fourth generation is the placement of multiple processors on a single machine.Other significant innovations include communications between terminals and computers,and communications over extended networks.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Development of Computers,The computer field continues to experience huge growth.Advances in technologies continue to produce cheaper and more powerful computers offering the promise that in the near future,computers or terminals will reside in most,if not all homes,offices,and schools.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Exercises I,1.Introduction of _ was the hallmark of fourth generation computers.,A.IC chips,B.semi-conductors,C.microprocessors,D.transistors,C,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Exercises I,2.Charles Babbage began to design an automatic mechanical calculating machine called _ in 1833.,A.a difference engine,B.the ENIAC,C.an Analytical Engine,D.a microprocessor,A,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Exercises I,3.The second generation computers used _ as their primary memory.,A.magnetic cores,B.semiconductor memories,C.integrated circuits,D.regenerative capacitor memories,A,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Exercises I,4.The _ generation computers used punched cards for input and assembly language.,A.first,B.second,C.third,D.fourth,B,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Exercises II,1.Algorithmic Language,2.Basis of Software Technique,3.Communication Fundamentals,4.Computer Interface Technology,5.Computer Architecture,6.Digital Signal Processing,7.Experiment of Microcomputer,8.Digital Image Processing,9.Microcomputer Control Technology,10.Software Engineering,()a.计算机接口技术,()b.数字信号处理)c.软件工程,()d.计算机系统结构,()e.软件技术基础,()f.算法语言,()g.微机控制技术,()h.通信原理,()i.数字图像处理,()j.微机实验,2,3,4,8,9,1,5,6,7,10,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A,Exercises III,assembly,computing,computer,introduction,programming,development,The age of computers saw its biggest change ever in 1953 with the 1._ of International Business Machines known today as IBM.The company has always been a key player in the development of new systems.This was the first real competition to be seen in the world of 2._ and helped to encourage faster 3._ of better computers.The first contribution of IBM was the IBM 701 EDPM Computer.A year after this the first high level programming language was brought to the centre stage.This was a 4._ language that had not been written in“5._”or binary languages and was called FORTRAN which was written to enable more people to be able to program computers.In the year 1955 Bank of America,Stanford Research Institute and General Electric joined hands to introduce the very first _ for use in banks.,introduction,computing,development,programming,assembly,computer,Unit 1 Instruction to Computers,Section 2 Passage B：Computers and Our Life,1、计算机给你的生活带来哪些变化？,2、你觉得计算机未来的发展方向是什么？,3、你觉得计算机带来的负面因素有哪些？,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage B,C,omputer Era,access,bar graph,pie chart,animated graphic,visual,learning by doing,zebra-striped bar code,Stock control system,POS,transaction,computerized,DNA,database,air control traffic system,deal with,Internet,credit card,debit card,security,Expert System,simulate environment,cost-effective manner,World Wide Web,email,teleconference,voice message,Purchasing on the Internet,Computer Age,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage B,The Computer Era glows before us with the promise of new and improved ways of thinking,living and working.The amount of information in the world is said to be doubling every six to seven years.The only way to keep up with these increased amounts of data and information is to understand how computers work and the ability to control them for a particular purpose.,The computer has literally revolutionized the way one person does his job or an organization operates their businesses.For this reason and many more,computers are considered more than just an essential piece of fancy equipment.Whether or not people know anything about it,they invoke computers in almost every aspect of their lives.Today,millions of people are purchasing fully functional personal computers for individual reasons,to keep track of bank accounts,communicate with friends and associates,access knowledge,purchase goods and many other countless tasks.,Unit 1 Section 2 Passage B,1.Businesses,2.Buildings,3.Education,4.Retailing,5.Law Enforcement,6.Transportation,7.Money,8.Health