七年级下学期英语语法知识点.doc

七年级下学期英语语法知识点
一、动词时态
名称
特征词
肯定句的动词
一般现在
sometimes, usually, often always, every...,
原形
第三人称单数
现在进行
look, listen, now,
It’s ...(几点了) . 后的句子
Don’t do sth. 后的句子

be + doing
一般过去
yesterday..., just now,
...ago, this morning,
When I was young,
过去式
二、否定句、一般疑问句的结构
句中有be、can, may , must, would 的变法
否定句只在其后＋not (some-any)
一般疑问句将其放到句首...＋？
句中没有be、can, may , must, would 的变法
动词
否定句
一般疑问句
原形
在主语后＋don’t
句前＋Do ＋？
第三人称单数
在主语后＋doesn’t＋动词原形
句前＋ Does ＋动词原形＋？
过去式
在主语后＋didn’t＋动词原形
句前＋Did＋动词原形＋？
回答:
Can you ...? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
Is he...? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
Do you ...? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Does she... ? Yes she does. No, she doesn’t.
Did they...? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
Would you...? Yes, I would. No. I wouldn’t.
Were they...? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
Should you...? Yes, I should. No, I shouldn’t.
三、句子
（一）9类句子
1.简单句 This is an orange bike.
2.并列句 He knows me and I know him.
3.复合句 When I was 5, I could swim.
4.选择问句 Did you live here or there?
5.特殊疑问句 What did they learn just now?
6.感叹句 What a heavy rain it is!
7.一般疑问句 Does Tom speak French?
8.否定句 I don’t understand it.
9.祈使句 Stand （Don’t） up.
（二）祈使句
祈使句：无人称、动词开头，带命令色彩的句子。
肯定：Open the window, please. Look at here.
Please read after me.
否定：Don’t open the window. Don’t look at here.
Don’t read after me.
四、句型 (及交际用语)
1.某人用多长时间做某事：
It takes/took sb. + time + to do sth.
2. 提问时间：
What’s the time?
What time is it?
What time is it by your watch?
3.提问日期：
What’s the date today?
What was the date yesterday?
4. 提问星期几：
What day is today?
What day was yesterday?
5.提问某人的生日：
When is one’s birthday?
6. 提问天气：
What is the weather like today?
(How is the weather today?)
What was the weather yesterday?
(How was the weather yesterday?
7.提问温度：
What’s today’s temperature?
How about the temperature?
8. 提问人的相貌：
What does...look like?
9. 提问人的性格：
What is ... like?
10.询问对方情况：
What’s wrong with...sb.?
What’s the matter with ...sb.?
11. 到该做什么事的时候了。
It’s time to do sth.
It’s time for sth.
12. 提建议用语：
Why not do sth.?
Why don’t you do sth.?
What about sth. / doing sth.?
It’s best to do sth.
You’d better do sth.
13.谈论健康问题：
1) 用英文叙述自己的病症
have a fever
have a cold
have a pain here
have a headache
have a sore through
have a stomachache...
2) 就此病症提出合理建议
Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day.
Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days.
It’s nothing serious. You’ll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days.
Don’t be so tired.
五、词类
1. 动词 2. 系动词 3. 代词 4.不定代词 5. 连词
6.形容词、副词 7.数词 8. 频率副词 9. 介词 10. 疑问词
（一）动词
1.(谓语)
He watches TV every day.
He is watching TV now.
He watched TV a moment ago.
2.动词(非谓语)
He enjoys watching TV.
Jim makes me laugh.
I wanted to see it again.
（二）系动词 (+形容词的动词)
look turn sound become taste be feel smell get
1. Jim’s idea sounds nice.
2. Kate looks taller.
3. I feel nervous now.
4. Beijing becomes bigger.
5. The days get long.
6. The cake tastes delicious.
（三）代词
人称代词
主 格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾 格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
their
物主代词
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
（四）不定代词
1. other/others, the other/the others,
Another/One..., the other.../any other
2. one, ones, one’s
3. something somebody/someone anything anybody/anyone everything everybody/everyone nothing nobody/no one
（五）连词
1. and 2. but 3. or 4. so 5. though 6. because
7. when 8. before 9. after 10. as 11. if
练习：用and, when, because,but,or,so,though before,after,if, 填空
1. Jim often helps me with my English _____ I often help him with his Chinese.
2. ___ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.
3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, ____ he still works 8 hours a day.
4. Everyone must be here _________ 6:00 tomorrow.
5. __________it is raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the field.
6. I can help you ___ I have time.
7. ______ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while.
8. We must be quick, ___ we can’t follow them.
9. To catch the early bus, ___ I got up very early this morning.
10. ______ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.
11. __ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?
答案：And because but before Though if After or so When If
（六）形容词、副词
1.形容词与副词的转换
（1）在词尾处+ ly; quick—quickly
（2）y结尾时,去y + ily; easy—easily
（3）有的e结尾的单词,需去y + ly，有的则直接+ly。terrible-terribly true-truly brave-bravely careful-carefully
2.形容词、副词的使用
形容词:修饰名词
They are clever boys. I prefer long hair.
副词:修饰动词、形容词
It really sounds nice. They work very hard.
（七）数词
1.基数词变序数词 2.用来表达年、月、日 3.用来表达时、分
4.百,千,万,的表达 5.几分之几
（八）频率副词
always usually often sometimes seldom never
用How often 对它们进行提问。
他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。
• I always have milk for breakfast.
• I usually have eggs for breakfast.
• I often have noodles for it.
• I sometimes have fruits for it.
• I seldom have rice for it.
• I never have meat in the morning.
（九）介词
1.与时间相关的介词
（1） on 具体日子、节日、生日、星期几前
（2） in 某年、某月前
（3） at 某分，某时前
（4） for 时间段前
（5）当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用 in， 而用on.
2.表示方位的介词：某物／处在某处的东南西北。
north北 ； east东 ； south南 ； west西
northeast东北；southeast东南；southwest西南；northwest西北
in, to, on 的区别
某处在某处之外 to 某处在某处之内 in 某处与某处相接壤on
3.with 的多种用法
do sth. with sb./ sth. a girl with long hair
a room with two doors a city with large population
be busy with sth. be popular with... be with a style of...
talk with sb. help sb. with sth. an action movie with Jackie Chan What’s wrong / the matter with...?
（十）疑问词
提问几点钟
What time is it?
What’s the time?
价格
how much
地点
where
数量
how many...
how much...
程度、方式
how
动词
宾语
what...do...
what
主语
who, whom...
性格
What’s...like?
时间
when
长相
What does/ do...
look like?
频率
how often
天气
What’s ...like?
How’s...?
六、常用短语
1.wake up 2. wake...sb. up 3. tell... about
4. talk to / with sb. 5. invite ...to... 6. play with
7. think about... think out think of... 8. fall off
9. come out 10. get along with... 11. turn on / off
12. put on 13. take off 14. be always doing...
15. add... to 16. know about 17. learn about
18. start with 19. give of 20. be called / named
21. stop off 22. on the telephone 23. on the Internet
24. on weekend 25. on the earth on the moon 26. in many ways
27. in fact 28. in summer 29. in the sun 30. in one’s thirties 31. in space 32. in 1990 33. in the 1990s
34. in the night 35. at night 36. at this time of year 37. at the same time 38. at the moment 39. at the end of... 40. from...to.. 41. for a while 42. for a drink
43.for days 44. on the other side of... 45. on one’s way to... 46. on the top 47. a road to... 48. to sb.
49. be different from... 50. be difference between
51. go to sw. for a holiday 52. as usual 53. be interested in... 54. be always doing... 55. by bike 56. on Kate’s bike
57. a photo of... 58. a photographer for 59.not...at all
60. get into trouble 61. listen to music 62. go to concerts
63. in class 64. first of all 65. in the past 66.last year
67. from the 1960s 68. apart from... 69. thousands of...
hundreds of... 70. for example 71. the trip to...
72. too much noise 73. much too expensive 74. save up
75. go on vacation 76. take photos 77. stay at a hotel
78. on the same team 79. need ...for...
80. do sth. on one’s own 81. make one stop
82. all night 83. a lot of fun
84. plan to do 85. decide to do 86. want to do 87. a big meal
88. keep out 89. one third 90. the time of... 91. a form of...
93. drive to sw. 94. the capital of... 95. be full of... 96. more than 97. the shape of... 98. 10 thousand 99. a northern city of... 100. get a view of ... 101. the population of Beijing
102. a population of 13 million 103. the same as
104. all the time 105. all kinds of 106. 3 times a day
107. take the medicine
七、易混淆的词、词组
1.What is ...like? What does...look like?
2.what to do how to do it
3.in the corner at the corner
4.wake up wake sb. up
5.get dressed dress sb.
6.there be have / has
7.Join take part in...
8.a population of... the population of...
9.in the east of... to the east of...
10.trip travel
11.other, others the other, the others One..., the other..., another any other schools any other school
12.stop to do sth. stop doing sth.
13.besides except
14.a little, little, a bit, a bit of... a few, few
15.get to... arrive in / at... reach
16.too much much too
17.by car, in Jim’s car by bike, on Jim’s bike
18.excited, interested, amazed/exciting, interesting, amazing
19.It’s time to ... . It’s time for... .
20.like as
21.noise, voice, sound
22.hear, listen, listen to
23. say, tell, talk, speak
24 wear, put on, dress, get dressed
25. read, watch, see, look, look at
八、易错的词
( finish enjoy spend keep prefer practice ) +doing
还有介词＆busy +doing
( make let ) +do(plant order decide want ask) +to do
1.Without thinking more, he left here.
2.I can’t finish writing it in only a few minutes.
3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams.
4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things.
5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young.
6.Let’s practice speaking English, OK?
九、不易用对的词
enough(名词前) enough water enough books
enough time enough people
enough(形容词、副词后) tall enough strong enough
good enough big enough
十、形容词与不定代词的位置
something easy, hard, important...
anything useful, interesting, funny...
nothing difficult, cheap, amazing, exciting...