上海工程技术大学-仓储配送管理考试重点.doc

仓除配送管理考试复习资料
1、 天津劝业场配送中心案例（必考）
w 五、案例分析题（1大题，共20分）
天津劝业场将所有商品库存分散放置在所属的分布在天津市区的8个仓库中.
下面所列是各个仓库的平均库存：
WH NO.       STOCK (RMB1,000)
WHA          1,000
WHB            800
WHC          1,200
WHD          1,500
WHE            500
WHF          2,000
WHG            500
WHH            500
(1)你认为天津劝业场是否应将仓库合并？(5分)
(2)如何合并？(10分)
(3)合并有什么优缺点？(5分)

 答：
(1)应将所属仓库合并。

(2)将8个仓库合并成2个仓库
w       AS2 =SQRT(N2/N1) x AS1
w       AS2: aggregate average stock for N2 warehouses——新仓库总的库存量
w       N2 : number of warehouse locations for the new configuration——新仓库数量
w       N1 : number of warehouse locations for the existing configuration——旧仓库数量
w      AS1: aggregate average stock for N1 warehouses——旧仓库总的库存量

AS2= SQRT(2/8) * 8,000,000
   = 0.5*8,000,000
   = 4,000,000
WH1 stock= 2,000,000     WH2 stock= 2,000,000

(3)Advantage:
We can cut not only stock volume but also workforce, facility，total transportation cost and investment based on reduction of number of warehouse
 ——通过仓库数量的减少我们不仅可以消减库存容量还可以减少劳动力，设备，运输总成本以及资金投入

Disadvantage:
At expense of service level——以服务水平为代价
2、 配送和运输的区别
w 三、简答题（本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分）
1、 Identify the distinction between transportation and distribution.——请说出运输与分配的区别。

(1) Inter-regional delivery VS. Intra-regional delivery——区域间的送货VS.区域内部的送货
(2) Transportation based on big quantity but a narrow variety of goods VS. Distribution based on small quantity but a wide variety of goods——运输：很大的量但是货物种类较窄VS.分配：较少的数量但是货物种类丰富
(3) Transportation based on water shipping ,railway or large truck VS. Distribution based on van in general——运输：水运，铁路，大型卡车VS.分配：货车
(4) Transportation based on economy of scale VS. Distribution based on service level——运输：规模经济VS.分配：服务水平
(5) Transportation concerned with loading/unloading and lashing/packing VS. Distribution concerned with value-added service——运输注重装载/卸载和捆扎/包装VS.分配注重增值服务
3、Inventory Mgt KPI库存管理指标体系（掌握3个指标体系公式）
w 库存资金周转率，即库存资金周转天数
w 库存资金周转率=全部供应金额/平均库存金额（次）
w 年库存资金周转天数=（年平均库存金额/年全部供应金额）*360（天）
w 服务水平
w 服务水平=（供应量/需求量）*100%
w 需求量=供应量+缺货量
w 平均供应费用
w 平均供应费用=库存系统年总费用/年全部供应额
4、Factors Impact on Inventory影响库存水平的因素（必考）
w Safety Stock SS= Z×SQRT(σ2D　×L+d2　×σ2L )
w 四、论述分析题（1大题，共10分）
The inventory formula with both demand and lead time uncertainty as below——库存的公式是由不确定的需求和提前期组成的，如下：

SS= Z×SQRT(σ2D　×L+d2　×σ2L )
SS: safety stock——安全库存
σD : standard deviation of daily sales(rate of sales)——日销售量的标准差
L:   average supply lead time——平均的供应提前期
d:   average daily sales——平均的日销售量
σL:  standard deviation of lead time——提前期的标准差
Z:   standard deviation based on related service level——相关服务水平的标准差

Questions:
(1)Identify the inventory formula with lead time uncertainty only？(3 points)
(2)Identify the inventory formula with demand uncertainty only？   (3 points)
(3)Which one is deciding factor for buildup of safety stock?       (4 points)

(1)     SS= Z×SQRT( σ2D×L + d2×σ2L ),   due to σD　=0
      = Z dσL

(2)     SS= Z×SQRT(σ2D×L + d2×σ2L ),    due to σl　=0
      = ZσD  SQRT(L)
(3)   Uncertainty of supply leadtime
5、Perfect order fulfillment: 实现完美订单
w Error-free rate of order fulfillment is 99%
6、ABC classification originates from ABC分类法来源于。。。
4  ABC classification originates from （ C ）——ABC分拣法起源于
A  80/20 rule  B  Rule of Thumb  C  Pareto Principle  D  Pareto Vifredo
7、Classification of ABC Based on ABC分类法基于。。。
u 4  Classification of ABC based on  （ ABCD ）——ABC分类法基于
A  inventory value——库存价值     B  profit contribution of stock——库存利润贡献
C  sales of stock——库存销售       D  demand rate——需求率

8、库存管理方法
联合库存管理JMI
9、库存牛鞭效应以及消除的方法。
u 6、Identify the bullwhip effect.——牛鞭效应的定义

Upstream supplier increases production to buffer uncertainty of demand accumulated from downstream customers (safety stock) so that overstock may occur
 ——上游供应商为了缓冲由下游客户累积的不确定需求（安全库存）而增加产品的供应，从而导致库存积压的发生
u 7、How to eliminate the bullwhip effect?——如何消除牛鞭效应？
Share real demand information (POS terminals)——分享真实的需求信息（POS终端）
Eliminate order batching——消除批量订购
Stabilize pricing(no promotion)——使产品定价稳定（无促销）
Eliminate shortage gaming——消除缺货竞争
10、货物保管主要内容
u Warehouse layout库房布置
u Zoned storage商品分区分类存放
u Stock stacking商品堆码
u Cover and matting毡垫
u Goods protection商品养护
u 4、Describe briefly profile of goods preservation.——简要描述货物保存的简况

(1)Warehouse layout——仓库布局
(2)Zoned storage——分区存储
(3)Stock stacking——库存堆积
(4)Cover and matting——覆盖席子
(5)Goods protection——货物保护
11、商品质量变化的原因种类
w Characteristics of goods商品自身的特性是商品发生变化的内因
w Natural factors influencing deterioration of goods自然因素是影响商品变化的外因之一
w 储存时间对任何商品都有不同程度的影响
w 社会因素对商品库存量和库存时间都会构成影响，从而影响到商品的变化。
12、Natural factors influencing deterioration of merchandize
w 自然因素是影响商品变化的外因之一，其中包括温度、湿度、大气、日光、生物和微生物等。
13、Visible loss有形损耗
w Careless materials handling由于非正常原因，如保管养护不善、装卸搬运不当等造成的散失、丢失、破损等损耗现象，称之为异常损耗。
w Natural loss由于商品本身的物理化学变化和外界自然因素的影响造成的损耗现象，称之为自然损耗。
14、Order status identified
w 二、             多项选择题（本题共5小题，每小题2分）
1 Stock status concerned with ( ABCD )——库存状态涉及
A  stock on hand——现存货量            B  stock on transit——转运中的库存
C  backorder——缺货订单                D  stock on order——已订库存
15、Material handling consists of 搬运作业由。。。组成
w 8  Material handling consists of ( C )——物料运输是由什么组成的
A  loading/unloading——装载/卸载              B  travel/carrying——行驶/运载
C  loading/unloading & travel——装载/卸载&行驶    
D  loading/unloading & packing——装载/卸载&包装
16、流通加工
w Light manufacture offer value-added service
w 5  Value-added service concerned with ( B )——增值服务注重
A  assortment, packing, assembly & kitting and light manufacturing——分类，包装，装配&配套采购和流通加工
B  assembly & kitting and light manufacturing, ticketing——装配&配套采购和流通加工，贴标签
C  packing, consolidation and bulk-break, assembly & kitting——包装，集装和分拨，装配&配套采购
D  bulk-break, assembly & kitting and light manufacturing, ticketing——分拨，装配&配套采购和流通加工，贴标签
17、Picking with labor to product:拣货（人到货处）
w Order picking
w Multiple order picking or batch picking
w Picking and sorting
w Pick to light
w Digital picking system, put to light
18、Automated Storage/Retrieval System consists of 自动化仓库由。。。组成
w (1)High-rise and narrow aisle rack货架
w (2) High-rise S/R machine
w Stacker crane巷道机
w (3) Conveyor/carousel传送带（周边搬运系统）
w (4) Control system控制系统
19、Lift truck in descending sequence based on Maneuverability叉车机动性能的降序排列
w ① Counter-balanced truck配重式叉车
w ②Reach truck直达式叉车
w ③Turret truck转叉式叉车
20、Standard Unit Load Equipment集装单元设备
w Pallet
w The most basic unit load( 2-way pallet and 4-way pallet)
w Container
w Height and width are 2438mm,
w but length is 12192mm(40’) or 6058mm(20’)
21、The most versatile type of rack 用途最多的货架类型
w Adjustable pallet rack (heavy duty pallet rack)
w The height of slots (bays) can be adjusted as pallet loads can vary in height
22、Rationale of Warehouse Equipment Management仓库设备管理的基本原则
w 5、Describe the principles of warehouse equipment management.——描述仓库设备管理的原则

(1)Standardization of equipment——设备标准化
(2)Compatibility of equipment in compliance with operational constraints and regulation concerned——按照操作限制和有关规定的设备兼容性
(3)Operation at the lowest cost incurred——在最低的已发生成本上进行操作
(4)Formulation of procedure and execution of regulation based on legislation concerned——流程的规划和规则的执行要基于相关的法律
(5)8S Management——8S管理
23、Warehouse operation process仓储运作流程
w Receiving, checking, put away, storage, picking and sorting, goods-out operation
w 单选题（本题共10小题，每小题2分）
1  Warehouse operation process  ( A )——库存的运作流程是什么
A  receiving, put away, picking and dispatch——接收，储存，分拣，派件
B  delivery, put away, picking and dispatch——送货，储存，分拣，派件
C  unloading, checking, sorting and loading——卸载，检查，分类，装载
D  unloading/loading, material handling——卸载/装载，物料运输
24、Selection and allocation for the equipment设备的选择与分配
w 2  Selection and allocation for the equipment based on  ( C )——设备的选择与配置基于什么
A  facility layout and material handling——设备布局与物料运输
B  feature of operation and material handling——操作特征与物料运输
C  feature of operation and nature of goods——操作特征与货物的自然特性
D  nature of goods and material handling——货物的自然特性与物料运输
25、Layout of warehouse仓库的布局（考虑哪些方面）
w 3  Layout of warehouse concerned with ( B )——仓库的布局注重
A  space used for gangway, aisle, and racking——进出通路，走道和货架的空间
B  space used for gangway, aisle, racking and maneuverability of equipment——进出通道，走道，货架和设备操作的空间
C  space used for gangway, aisle, and  maneuverability of equipment——进出通道，走道和设备操作的空间
D  space used for operation process, and maneuverability of equipment——操作过程和设备操作的空间
26、Value-added service增值服务
w light manufacturing流通加工
w 5  Value-added service concerned with ( B )——增值服务注重
A  assortment, packing, assembly & kitting and light manufacturing——分类，包装，装配&配套采购和流通加工
B  assembly & kitting and light manufacturing, ticketing——装配&配套采购和流通加工，贴标签
C  packing, consolidation and bulk-break, assembly & kitting——包装，集装和分拨，装配&配套采购
D  bulk-break, assembly & kitting and light manufacturing, ticketing——分拨，装配&配套采购和流通加工，贴标签
27、Service level concerned with服务水平与。。。有关
w 9  Service level concerned with ( D )——服务水平注重
A  orders shipped on time and in full——订单发货及时并充足
B  orders shipped on time and with shipping damage-free——订单发货及时并无破损
C  orders shipped in full and with shipping damage-free——订单发货充足并无破损
D  perfect order fulfillment rate——完美的订单执行率
28、Replenishment activities补货活动
w 2  Replenishment activities concerned with ( ABD  )——补货涉及
A  movement of goods from storage position to picking position——货物从存储区到拣货区的移动
B  movement of goods from receiving dock to storage position——货物从收货区到存储区的移动
C  movement of goods from picking position to shipping area——货物从拣货区到发货区的移动
D  replenished by order from supplier to warehouse——根据订单从供应商到仓库的补货
29、Pick to light concerned with摘取式拣货与。。。有关
w 3  Pick to light concerned with （ ABD  ）
A  put to light             B  labor to product
C  product to labor     D  computer-assisted picking system——计算机辅助拣货系统
30、Yard control停车场的控制管理
w (1)The schedule determines what time the delivery truck is positioned at your facility unloading dock
w (2)Whenever possible, this dock location minimizes the internal transportation distance between dock door and the storage location
31、Receiving employee enters quantity of order into inventory收货员将订单数量输入库存系统
w Receiving dept employee enters SKU quantity into inventory
w Transfers SKU from receiving dept staging area to storage-picking staging area
w In the across-dock operation, the product is transferred from receiving area to shipping area and does not enter your inventory
32、MRP order system based on 物料需求计划订单系统是基于。。。
w 主生产计划
w 物料清单BOM
w 库存信息
33、EOQ based on经济订购批量是基于。。。
w Economic Order Quantity based on demand, stock, conditions of purchase
34、Zero inventory management 零库存管理
w JIT
35、8S Management 8S管理
w (1) Structurise
stay necessary, clear of working site
w (2)Systematize: order in sequence
w (3)  Sanitize: clean
w (4)   Standardize: maintain 3S
w (5)Self-discipline
Working based on regulation and legislation
w (6)Safety
Maintain a safe work environment
w (7)Save
Eliminating waste
w (8)Study
Training and education of employees
36、Digital picking system and digital assorting system.摘取式拣货系统与播种式拣货系统
w 摘取式电子标签拣货系统DPS(Digital Picking System)
w 播种式电子标签分拣系统DAS（Digital Assorting System）
37、SKU hit concentration(1) and SKU hit density.集中型存货单项与密度型存货单项
w 8、Identify SKU hit concentration(1) and SKU hit density(2).——库存单位达到浓度1和密度2的定义是什么
(1)The number of SKUs that are ordered by your customers within a particular warehouse aisle.——库存单位的数量是顾客在特定的仓库通道内订购的
(2)The quantity that a customer’s order has a particular SKU.——顾客的订货数量有一个特定的库存单位
38、factors impacting on design of DC. 配送中心设计的影响因素
w 1. Subject to the constraints concerned geographic demography, government policy and plan, resources & constraints, market demand & economic development
w 2. Subject to overall consideration based on all the factors concerned

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