解读英语阅读理解长难句试题的两策略2.doc

解读英语阅读长难句信息题的两种策略
枣阳市高级中学 陈桂荣
在高中英语阅读理解中，学生常会遇到个别难突破的试题，在这类试题中，他们往往能找到选项信息出处，但却很难读懂或读偏语意。主要是涉及细节理解、推理判断等各类不同的试题。导致学生出现这种解题错误的主要原因有三个：一是选项出处的信息句太长，学生没有办法解读语意，导致解读信息长难句的欲望缺失；二是因为语群丰富、信息繁杂，学生阅读的又太过精细（常常从前到后逐词阅读），导致读过之后眼里只有词汇而无句意；三是因为长难句阅读理解经验不足，导致信息的话题对象把握不准确。这里推荐两种解读策略，帮助学生理解语群或长难句信息，并最终使学生领会语意，达到预期的解读效果！
一、“提名词对象”的句群理解策略
“提名词对象”的句群理解策略就是 “提取各个句中主语名词信息去获取句子话题对象，然后串联各句子间对象，并结合动词提供的动作方向，合成合理的段落意思”的阅读技巧。例如：2018全国100所名校单元测试示范卷·英语选修6 unit 3 阅读理解B篇第一段
Is an image worth a thousand kilos? Okay, so maybe not a thousand kilos, exactly,
but a study shows how a photo diary can keep dieters motivated, making them more likely to achieve their target weight.
根据调查报告类文章的问题特征，该阅读材料的话题大意应该在 a study shows 的从句部分。过滤掉文章类型类的语言，可获得话题前对象名词photo/image; dieters和后对象名词target weight等信息，结合关键动作 motivate;整合信息就成为Dieters are motivated to lose weight by photos 这样凝练的全文信息。在此话题对象的整体把握下，剩余的晦涩复杂的语段意思就能迅速轻松解读，从而易错的28题就可精准作出D项的选择。
28.What is the main idea if the text?
A. overweight people prefer to take photos.
B. Women are more successful in weight loss.
C. People trained in a clinic get slim more quickly.
D. Visual confirmation is important in weight loss.
再如：《稳派2015英语模拟信息卷（五）》
Is it not amazing that in today's students must not only spent seven hours in school doing work, but then they must spend another five or six hours doing homework? Their grades are not improving enough to make a difference, and they are becoming extremely unhealthy. These are all caused by the over-assigning of homework outside of school.
A篇第一段各句解读示例。第一句：Is it not amazing that in today's students must not only spent seven hours in school doing work, but then they must spend another five or six hours doing homework? 句层对象students, hours, work or homework合成句意“学生在家作业很多”。第二句:their grades are not improving enough to make a difference, and they are becoming extremely unhealthy.获取的关键词为grades, not improving, they, unhealthy .合成句意“成绩没提高，人也变得不健康”。第三句:These are all caused by the over-assigning of homework outside of school.提取正确的关键词caused, outside of school.合成句意“校外作业太多造成的”。整合这三句话信息就形成这段的段落意思“students are becoming unhealthy because too much homework and work outside of school（学生身体变得不健康,家庭作业和校外作业太多）”。在这样一个策略的支撑下，无论如何都不会跑偏解读或错误解读。而与此长难句信息相关的第55题： The first paragraph doesn't state but imply that____
  A. students have a tough day every day      
 B. doing homework has a big impact on the grades
 C. no students is in healthy condition in today's society. 
D. students almost have no time to have a sound sleep.
也就容易作出A项的选择了。
二、“解剖式” 的长难句理解策略
对于长难句，要学会“解剖式”的阅读策略。也就是“先把句子读短，再把句子读长”。所谓“把句子读短”就是浏览整个句子，关注其句式结构，挖掘长句中的短语结构。通过这种方式，使句子变短，语意容易集中，主干信息就突出了。然后，在此基础上“再把句子读长”。 “把句子读长”是指根据选项去关注长难句的细节，获取话题限制性信息。如果不先把句子读短反而过多关注细节词汇，则会出现词汇散落、词义不集中等阅读困扰。而如果不把句子读长，则容易被干扰选项误导。
例如：2018全国100所名校单元测试示范卷·英语选修6 unit 3 阅读理解B篇第一段
Green technology is a wide variety of products, services, and processes that apply renewable materials and energy sources, largely reducing the use of natural resources, and greatly cutting wastes to decrease negative effect on the earth. If ……看似很复杂的一句话，其实核心就是Green technology is products, services, and processes然后限制信息就是定语从句部分的信息that apply ……, 和两个并列的结果状语信息reducing the use……, and greatly cutting wastes…….所以涉及到解读此句的第29 题就应该选D。
29. Compared to traditional technology, the green technology ____
A. causes no pollution B. is more widely used
C. reduces the cost of living D. is more environmentally friendly
要想取得满意的英语阅读效果，还得多进行阅读策略训练。只有这样，这两种阅读策略才可成为一种思维习惯或语感，真正实现阅读理解分值的突破。毕竟考试和练习不完全相同，考试时间紧，唯有运用适当的阅读策略，才能在紧张的考试状态中较好的解决此类难题。
练习段落
  1. How much homework is there really? Some say that for every hour spent in class a high school student should spend at least an hour doing homework. Well, considering that a student would have to wake up by 6 am and does not get home until around 2:30 there are just not enough hours in a day. Seven hours of school would be seven more hours out of school , which would mean that if the students came home from school, they would have to work non-stop from 2:30 pm until 9:30pm every day.
56. What does the author think of the idea of an hour doing homework for an hour spent in class?___
A. it is proper.    B. It's not reasonable for students    
C. It's too     D. It's what students can put up with. 
2.The old saying that "life's a beach" is certainly true of Adelaide, with plenty of beautiful beaches less than 30 minutes from the city. And what's more , Adelaide's warm climate means you can enjoys them practically all year round . The most popular are the Glenelg, Henley, Brighton and West beach, all with a pub culture and full of cafe's, restaurants, little shops and miles of clean white sand.
  61. The author mentioned "life's a beach" ___
    A.  to show Adelaide has the best restaurants
    B. to stress Adelaide has the wonderful climate
    C. to tell those who love playing on the beach 
    D. to encourage tourists to dive into water 
（答案分别为B和C）。