高考真题分类汇编英语.doc

六年高考真题分类全解：
第一部分 语法知识（语法填空/短文改错）
第二部分 阅读理解（阅读四选一/阅读七选五）
第三部分 完形填空
第四部分 书面表达

第一部分 语法知识
一、数词
（一）基数词
(2017全国卷II 短文改错） They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
答案与解析：a→an/one　因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。

（二）序数词
1. (2019·全国卷II 短文改错）Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very/so much.
答案与解析：five→fifth　 “上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five。
2. (2017全国卷I 短文改错）In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.
答案与解析：eighteen eighteenth eighteenth birthday “十八岁生日”，故此处用序数词。
3.（2015福建 短文填词）The (78) f________ thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important. ... My second piece of....
答案与解析：first　空格后为名词thing，故设空处所填词是修饰或限定名词的，根据最后一段中的“My second ...”可知应填序数词first。

二、名词
（一）名词的错用
1.（2019全国卷I 短文改错）To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net.
答案与解析：surprising→surprise　 to one's surprise “令某人惊讶的是”。
2.（2018全国卷II 短文改错）When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night．
答案与解析：Friday's→Friday　名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的、用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调对被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday's改为Friday。
3. (2018全国卷III 语法填空）...I'm a __66__ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys．
答案与解析：scientist　考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处指一名科学家，用名词形式，故填scientist。
4.（2016 全国卷I 短文改错）My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
答案与解析：honest→honesty　宾语从句中的主语为名词短语the key to his success，故从逻辑上看应该用名词作表语，来解释名词短语的含义，即“成功的秘诀是诚实”。
5.（2016四川 短文改错）The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest.
答案与解析：favoritest→favorite　根据Mom's判断此处应为名词，favorite“最喜欢的人或事物”。

（二）名词的数
1.（2019·全国卷I 短文改错）All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
答案与解析：player→players　根据前面的all可知，player应用复数形式players。
2.（2019·全国卷II 短文改错）Since I was a kid, I've considered different job I would like to do.
答案与解析：job→jobs　形容词different后跟名词的复数形式。
3.（2019·全国卷III 短文改错） I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
答案与解析：city→cities　 many修饰可数名词复数。
4.（2019·浙江 语法填空）Other American studies showed no __64__ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
答案与解析：connection/connections　 no用来修饰名词，此处用单复数形式均可。
5.(2018全国卷I 语法填空） ...showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67__ (cause).
答案与解析：causes　根据all修饰三者或三者以上的人或物可知用名词的复数形式，故填causes。
6.(2018全国卷I 短文改错）..., they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
答案与解析：chicken→chickens　根据前文的“dozens of”可知，其后用名词复数形式，故填chickens。
7.（2018全国卷II 短文改错）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room．
答案与解析：sort→sorts　此处all修饰三者或三者以上的人或物，后用名词复数形式,故把sort改为sorts。
8.(2018全国卷III 短文改错）The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well．
答案与解析：mistake→mistakes　此处and连接两个并列名词，根据textbooks可知应用可数名词的复数形式，故填mistakes。
9.(2017全国卷I 语法填空） This trend, ..., has had some unintended side __62__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
答案与解析：effects　side effect “副作用”，由前面的some可知，effect用复数形式。
10.(2017全国卷I 短文改错） The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” ...
答案与解析：word→words　word作“说的话，话语，言语”讲时是可数名词，由“Speed up！” “Slow down！”可知，此处表示“教练一直重复那几句话”，故用words。
11.(2017全国卷II 语法填空） It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__ (crowd) on the roads...
答案与解析：crowds　crowd是可数名词，且由后面的“on the roads”可知，此处指不同道路上的不同人群，故应用复数形式。
12.(2017全国卷II 短文改错） Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
答案与解析：informations→information　 information为不可数名词，无复数形式。
13.(2017全国卷III 语法填空）She has turned down several __67__ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
答案与解析：invitations　several “几个”，故其后的名词要用复数形式。
14.(2017浙江卷 语法填空）Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small __56__ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
答案与解析：carrots　a handful of “一把”，后接可数名词的复数形式。
15.（2016全国卷I 语法填空）The nursery team switches him every few __69__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ...
答案与解析：days　few修饰可数名词复数，故其后的名词需用复数形式。
16.(2016 全国卷II 语法填空) Recent __66__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
答案与解析：studies 分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，且study作“研究，调查”讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填studies。
17.（2016全国卷II 短文改错）If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
答案与解析：knowledges→knowledge　knowledge意为“知识”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
18.（2016全国卷III 短文改错）The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
答案与解析：year→years　由from 13 to 19及谓语were可知year应改为years。
19.（2016浙江卷 短文改错）When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.
答案与解析：children→child　句中主语是I，为单数，故应用child。
20.(2016四川 语法填空) Any smell might attract natural __65__ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
答案与解析：enemies enemy为可数名词，天敌有多种，因此应用复数形式。
21.（2016四川 短文改错）Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.
答案与解析：houseworks→housework　housework“家务”，为不可数名词。
22.(2015全国卷I 语法填空）I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __65__(painting).
答案与解析：paintings 由前面的短语“so many”可知，本空应填名词的复数形式paintings。
23.（2015 全国卷I 短文改错）The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
答案与解析：airs→air　air为不可数名词，因此把airs改为air。
24.(2015全国卷II 短文改错）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. ...Mom said, "How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terribly worried.”
答案与解析：parent→parents　结合下文可知托尼是和爸爸妈妈一起去购物的，因此应用复数形式parents。
25.(2015福建 短文填词）My second piece of (83) a_______ is simple.
答案与解析：advice　根据is可知，应用不可数名词形式，故填advice。
26.(2015福建 短文填词）Just make an (84) ________ (道歉), and move on.
答案与解析：apology　由空格前的不定冠词“an”可知，设空处应用单数可数名词，根据汉语提示可知应填名词apology。
27.(2015陕西 短文改错）Mum taught me some basic step of baking.
答案与解析：step→steps　由于step是可数名词，前面有some修饰，故用名词的复数形式。
28.（2015四川 短文改错） As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.
答案与解析：friend→friends　可数名词friend前有数词three修饰，表明此处应用名词的复数形式。
29.（2015浙江 短文改错）My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.
答案与解析：side→sides　前面为数词three, side为可数名词，所以要用名词的复数形式。

三、 冠词
（一）不定冠词
1. (2019·全国卷I 短文改错）Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.
答案与解析：football前加a　考查冠词。此处是泛指“一个足球”，应用不定冠词a。
2.(2019·全国卷II 语法填空）When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was __69__ joke.
答案与解析：a　 joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数，故其前用a。
3.(2019·全国卷III 语法填空）Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
答案与解析：an→a　 unique是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a，不用an。
4.（2018全国卷II 短文改错） As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons,...
答案与解析：．the→a　这里表示“作为一个孩子”表泛指，应用“a(n)＋可数名词单数形式”，kid的发音是以辅音音素开头的，应用a，故把the改为a。
5.(2017全国卷I 语法填空） As __65__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
答案与解析：a as a result “结果”，是固定搭配。
6.(2017全国卷II 短文改错） They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
答案与解析：a→an/one　因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。
7.(2017全国卷III 语法填空） Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as __62__ model in New York.
答案与解析：a　分析语境可知，她在纽约当了一名模特。model是可数名词，在此处表示泛指，且发音以辅音音素开头，所以要用不定冠词a。故填a。
8.(2017浙江卷 语法填空）For Pahlsson, its return was __65__ wonder.
答案与解析：a　wonder是名词，意为“奇迹”。此处是抽象名词具体化，意为“一个奇迹”，表泛指，故填a。
9.（2016全国卷I 短文改错）My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.
答案与解析：the→a　in a short period of time“在短时间内”为固定搭配。
10.（2016全国卷II 语法填空）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __68__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
答案与解析：a 固定短语for a while意为“一会儿”。
11.（2015浙江 短文改错）I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
答案与解析：in后面加a　in a hurry是固定词组，意为“匆忙”。

（二）定冠词
1. （2019·全国卷I 语法填空）Of __69__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案与解析：the　此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。
2.（2019·浙江 语法填空）Everybody wears __57__ same style of clothes.
答案与解析：the　此处特指校服的款式相同，the same ... “相同的……”。
3．(2018全国卷I 短文改错）I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
答案与解析：countryside前加the　去年寒假，“我”和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。countryside前加定冠词表特指，故加定冠词the。
4.(2018全国卷II 语法填空） Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __62__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent．
答案与解析：the　句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里，故填the。
5.(2018全国卷III 语法填空）Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs．
答案与解析：the　设空处构成固定短语at the top of one's lungs，此处表示最大声地喊叫。
6.(2017全国卷I 短文改错） I still remember how hard first day was.
答案与解析：first 前加the或my 表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或用限定词进行修饰，在序数词first前加the或my，my first day表示“我(学驾驶)的第一天”。
7.(2017全国卷II 语法填空） This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over __64__ top.
答案与解析： the　此处特指地铁的顶部，故用定冠词the。
8.(2017全国卷III 短文改错） Around me in picture are the things that/which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
答案与解析：picture前加the　此处特指上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用定冠词the表特指。
9.（2016全国卷I 语法填空）The nursery team switches him every few __days__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70__ other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案与解析：the　one ... the other ... “(两者中的)一个……，另外一个……”，为固定结构。
10.（2016全国卷II 短文改错）But in that case, we will learn little about world.
答案与解析：world前加the　定冠词the修饰world表示特指这个世界。
11.（2016全国卷III 短文改错）At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
答案与解析：去掉the　at first “起初”为固定结构。
12.（2016 浙江卷 短文改错）Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
答案与解析：end前加the　at the end of ... 是固定短语，意为“在……结束的时候”，故填冠词the。
13.（2016四川 短文改错）I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.
答案与解析：kitchen前加the　此处特指家里的厨房，故在kitchen前加定冠词the。
14.（2015全国卷I 短文改错）Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.
答案与解析：countryside前加the　句意：但是我想念农村的家乡。这里的 countryside表特指，故加定冠词the。
15.（2015全国卷I 短文改错）We must found ways to protect your environment.
答案与解析：your→our或the　本句的主语为We，此处指“我们的环境”，因此把物主代词your改为our，此处也可以改为the，表特指。
16.（2015全国卷II 语法填空）The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __62__ most modern of architects and engineers.
答案与解析：the　此处表述“最现代的”，形容词最高级前需用定冠词the。
17.（2015全国卷II 短文改错）...he quickly walked into the shop...A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
答案与解析：a→the　结合语境可知，同一名词第二次提到应特指，故应把shop前的a改为the。
18.（2015陕西 短文改错）At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”
答案与解析：At后的a→the　根据前文中的“retirement party”可知，此处表示特指，要用the。

四、代词
（一）人称代词
1.（2018全国卷II 短文改错）As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons...They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
答案与解析us→me　句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑开发。此处表述是对“我”说，前文提到的是I，而不是we，故把us改为me。
2.（2018全国卷I 语法填空）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __70__ a try.
答案与解析：it/running　此处表示“或许我们都应该试试跑步”。give it a try意为“试试”。
3.（2018全国卷III 语法填空）I was just glad to find __68__ (they) alive．
答案与解析：them　此处作find 的宾语，所以用they的宾格them。
4.(2017全国卷II 语法填空）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using __67__ every day.
答案与解析：it　use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。
5.（2016全国卷III 短文改错）At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
答案与解析：need前加I　whenever引导的时间状语从句缺主语，主句的主语为I，再由句意可知答案。
6.（2016浙江卷 短文改错）Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet her at the door.
答案与解析：her→him　此处指的是从句中的he，且作greet的宾语，故应用him。
7.（2015四川 短文改错）I have made three new friends here...If you were me, would you talk to him？
答案与解析：him→them　此处指作者的三个朋友，是复数概念，应用them。
8.（2015浙江 短文改错） Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
答案与解析：them→it　考查代词。此处代词指代前面的park，是单数，所以用it。
9.（2015广东 语法填空）Now it occurred to__25__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
答案与解析：him 根据空后的“his”可知应填him，指代Mr Johnson。 It occurs to sb. that ... “某人突然想起……”。

（二）物主代词
1. (2018全国卷III 短文改错) I had done myself homework but I was shy．
答案与解析：myself→my或the　句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。由句子的主语“I”可知，此处表示“我的”作业，应用my而不用myself；此处也可特指老师布置的作业，故改为定冠词the也可以。
2. (2017全国卷I 短文改错） I still remember how hard first day was.
答案与解析：first 前加my或the 表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或用限定词进行修饰，在序数词first前加the或my，my first day表示“我(学驾驶)的第一天”。
3.(2017全国卷III 短文改错) This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
答案与解析：your→my　全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。
4.（2016全国卷I 语法填空）On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.
答案与解析：its　空处作定语，修饰名词mother，指代空前的“a lively three-month-old twin”，故用it的形容词性物主代词，意为“它的”。
5.（2016全国卷I 短文改错）Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.
答案与解析：our→his　由句子的主语he和后面的名词business可知，此处应用he的形容词性物主代词his。
6.（2016全国卷II 短文改错）If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
答案与解析：your→our 主语为we，且此处为“我们能开阔我们的视野”，故把your改为our。
7.（2016四川 语法填空）By that time, the panda no longer needed __68__ (it) mother for food.
答案与解析：its 设空处是指“它的”，故用形容词性物主代词its。
8.（2016四川 短文改错）When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.
答案与解析：her→his 根据从句中的主语he，且作定语修饰hand可知，此处应改为his。
9.（2015全国卷I 短文改错）We must found ways to protect your environment.
答案与解析：your→our或the　本句的主语为We，此处指“我们的环境”，因此把物主代词your改为our，此处也可以改为the，表特指。
10.（2015全国卷II 短文改错）Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.
答案与解析：parents前加his　结合语境可知，这里parents并不是表示泛指，而是指托尼的爸爸妈妈，故应在parents前加his。

（三） 反身代词
1. （2019·全国卷 III 短文改错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them.
答案与解析：yourselves→themselves　此处指代主语customers，要用themselves。
2. (2017浙江 语法填空）Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt __59__ (I)，” ...
答案与解析：myself　根据宾语从句的主语I和句意可知，宾语应用第一人称的反身代词myself。句意：她以为我伤到了自己。
3.（2016全国卷 III 短文改错）At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
答案与解析：yourself→myself 本句的主语为I，用反身代词myself，表示“我自己”。

（四）不定代词
1.（2016全国卷II 短文改错） It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
答案与解析：many→much 此处表示“不需要花费很多钱”，应用much代指不可数名词，故用不定代词much。
2.（2015四川 短文改错）It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.