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改错题解题技巧
一、通读全文,了解短文大意,把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑,尤其是有的行文逻辑方面的错误在看单句时难以发现错误(比如前文用Mike,后文代词用she等)。在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好,再进行分句改错。
二、分局阅读,逐行找错。在完成第一步后,要进行逐行主句的改错。这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。
三、最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍,检查答案是否正确,感觉是否还有不妥之处,最终形成定稿。
【考查要点】
1).词法的测试:
1.定冠词和不定冠词的用法,即a,an,the三者的转化与增减。
例:A beauty of the West Lake is more than I can describe.正解:A--The
2.名词的单复数和名词所有格。
例:More than one students can’t take in it.正解:students—student
3.动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词。
例:He is good at sing songs.正解:sing—singing
4.人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等用法。
例:The book is her.正解:her—hers
5.词性的变化。
例:John deep believed that the God knows everything.正解:deep—deeply
6.并列连词、从属连词的用法。
例:She insisted that the boy told was a lie.正解:that—what
7.形容词、副词以及比较级与最高级的用法。
例:They all exacting by the exacted news.正解:exacting—exacted ; exacted—exacting
8.固定搭配与习
例:It happened all of sudden.正解:of∧a
2).句法的测试:
1.考察英语的一致性现象,主要包括:主谓不一致、代词不一致、时态不一致。
例:Many a teacher and many a student are tired because of the heavywork.正解:are—is
2.各种从句关系词的使用。
例:I love Baidu Experience, that is useful and helpful.正解:that—which
3.句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性、逻辑性。
例:We all know China, America. Therefore, do you know Laos? 正解:Therefore—However
3).语篇的测试:
1.上下文中的时态是否一致。
2.上下文中的代词是否一致。
3.上下文中的逻辑是否一致。
4.上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确
【注意问题】
改错时,如果改掉了原来正确的词语而换成了另一种正确的表达形式,如某些定语从句中that与which的互换是不给分的。
改错时不能改变句子的原意。
只能改10处,切忌多改。
注意正确的格式。
注意题前说明,有的题目会说明每句中最多有两处错误,这样就要注意每句中修改的个数。
英语语法记忆歌诀
4
一般现在时
一般现在时态中,动词一般用原形。
表述事实讲真理,习惯动作常发生。
动词词尾加-s(es),只表单数三人称。
若变一般疑问句,得看句型是哪种。
系表结构和there be, be放句首可完成;
若遇实义动词句,do或does莫忘用!
现在进行时
Look, Listen是标志,现在进行正发生;
有时now在句中现,“be+v-ing”时态成。
若问be用何形式,须看主语数、人称。
He / She is, I am. We, you, they后are紧跟。
v-ing形式更好记,三种构成要分清。
一般问句be提前,be后加not否定成!
基数词变序数词
基变序,很容易,一二三,特殊记,th从四起。八去t来九去e,遇到ve,f替,ty变为tie,后加th莫迟疑,若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
时间介词巧记歌
年、月、季节前须用in,(如:in 2008, in September, in spring)
日期前面行不通。
遇到几号改用on,(如:on January 1)
上午、下午、晚上仍用in。(如:in the morning/afternoon/evening)
若是某日上下午,也是用on才能行。
(如:on the evening of the Mid-autumn Day)
正午、夜里用at,(如:at noon, at night)
时、分用法也同理。(如:, at two, at two)
如若“差”点须加to,(如:two to two)
如若“过”点改past。(如:half past one)
多说勤练牢牢记,学好英语非儿戏。
谓语be的用法
我用am,你用are
除此之外的单数
包括他她还有它
统统都是用is
我们你们和他们
只要复数都用are
一般疑问句和否定句的变化
一般问句并不难,
谓语调到主语前。
大写小写有变化,
句末要把问号加。
第一人称常变二。
否定句就更简单,
中间加上一not,
谓语动词提到前。
现在进行时
现在进行时很好记,
结构be+动词ing。
be由主语来决定,
句中常用标志词,
now,look,listen!
一般现在时
肯定句的现在式。
不是三单用原形,
是三单就加s,es,
若是否定疑问句,
没有be就加个do,
碰到三单加does。
如把does加在前,
动词就要还原形。
一般过去时
肯定句的过去式。
规则动词加ed,
不规则的必须记。
否定形式疑问句,
没有be加did。
如把did加在前,
动词也要还原形。
特殊的形容词、副词的比较级、最高级
一分为二有两个,
一是远来一是老。
合二为一共三对,
坏病两多并两好。
还有一词双意含,
只译少来不译小。
比较等级的运用
原级用在as…as间,
比较级用在than前。
and连接两个比较级,
说明“越来越怎样”。
三者以上最高级,
副词前可不加the。
Even, much和a little,
也常修饰比较级。
宾语从句
宾语从句三要素,
引导词、语序、时态。
引导词分三情况,
陈述句that可省略。
一般疑问句if或whether。
碰到特殊疑问句,
疑问词来担此任。
语序总体为主谓。
疑问词从句主语,
语序不必去改变。
从句时态主句定,
如果主句是过去,
从句相应作改变,
客观真理仍现在。
被动语态
被动语态牢记一点,
be加动词过去分词。
分析句中主和谓,
承受者作主语即被动。
短语动词不可忘介、副词。
另有不及物动词,
只有主动无被动。
还要注意其时态,
与主动语态全相同。
教冠a, an, the
a,an,the是冠词,就像帽子扣名词;
元音因素要扣an,辅音因素要扣a;
an/a用来泛泛指,the是特指常牢记。
进行时顺口溜
进行时,抓动词,动词前面是助词(be);
动词的后面是ing,三位一体别忘记。
形容词性物主代词
物主代词很重要,译成汉语都有“的”;
后面必须加上物,否则就要犯错误;
my,your,his,her,its,our,their不放过.
be的几个顺口溜
(1)我用am,你用are,单三is,复数are。
(2)I用am,you用are,非I非you是is,复数全部都用are。
(3)代词主格的顺口溜:
I是我来we复数,你和你们都用you;
he,she,it男、女、它,复数一律把they用。
过去时的动词
"一改、二多、三少、四刚刚好"
即有规则的一般过去时的动词,
一改,以"y" 结尾,把"y"去掉改为"i"再加"ed",如:"study"→"studied";
二多,重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母再加"ed",如:"stop"→"stopped";
三少,以不发音"e"字母结尾的动词,可直接加上"d",如:"live"→"lived";
四刚刚好,就是直接加上"ed ",如:"work"→"worked" .
冠词用法
一、定冠词的用法。
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
世上独无二,序数最高级;
某些专有名,习语及乐器。
以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况,即:
①特指某些人或物 ②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事 ③上文已经提到的人或事 ④世界上独一无二的事物前 ⑤序数词回形容词最高级前 ⑥某些专有名词前 ⑦一些习惯短语(如:in the day等)中和乐器前(如:play the violin / piano)。
二、不用冠词的集中情况。
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况,即:
①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。②专有名词和不可数名词前。③表示学科的(如:maths、Chinese、physics)名词前。④球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事)时。⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。⑦表示颜色(如:It's red / yellow.)、语种(如:speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如:We live in China. They come from America.)。⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。⑨某些习惯短语中(如:in bed、go to school等)。
be 的用法口诀
我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它;
单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。
变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。
变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。
疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。
非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词
动词后,不定式,want, hope和wish,
agree, decide, mean, manage, promise,
expect, pretend,且说两位算在此,
要记牢,要记住,掌握它们靠自己。
后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词
一些动词要掌握,have, let和make,
此三动词是使役,“注意”“观察”“听到”see,
还有feel和watch,使用它们要仔细,
后接“宾补”略去“to”,此点千万要牢记
除此之外,还可以掌握“八字言”,
一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch
后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词
特殊动词接“动名”,使用它们要记清,
“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”,
“坚持”“练习”必“完成”,
“延期”“避免”非“介意”
掌握它们今必行。
英语分数巧记
英语分数不费事,“母序子基”四个字。
分子若是大于一,分母还须加-s。
巧记家庭成员
爹father 娘mother 哥哥弟弟brother 姐姐妹妹sister.
long before 和before long
long 在前(long before),“很久前”,
long在后(before long),“不久后”。
巧记以-o结尾加-es的词
有生命的加es,无生命的加-s.
五种基本句型歌
英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。
句型种类为动词,后接什么是关键;
系词后面接表语;vi独身无牵连;
vt又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见,
还有宾语补足语;各种搭配记心间。
before和ago巧记
before带在点之前,ago总在段之后。
before时态不确定,过去时中用ago。
-f或-fe结尾的名词的复数形式
勇敢的妻子(wife)亲自(oneself)拿刀(knife)把狼(wolf)赶走,救回小牛(calf)半(half)条命(life),又把躲在葡萄架(shelf)下树叶(leaf)中的小偷(thief)抓到。
高中英语改错是有规律可循的:
名词错误的可能
(1)名词单复数
只有这1种可能,而且到现在的改错,我就记得就1次单复数没考,其他场次必考!
形容词错误的可能
(1)意思颠倒,要改成反义词
这个错错每次改错题目都有,所以看到错的句子有形容词,先上下文看看,有没有意思反了词性错误
2个形容词在一起,那肯定有一个是修饰另外一个的,所以要改成副词
介词错误的可能性
(1)固定短语的搭配问题,不如key to, answer to, be faced with等
这个错错每次改错题目都有,所以看到错的句子有介词,先看左右,有没有搭配错误、连词错误的可能性
承上启下的错误
有时候,表示递进的,但题目中给出even if,所以要把if去掉;有时表原因的,但题目中是therefore,所以要改成because。。这样的错误也时常出现,但不是每次出现
(2)非限制性宾语从句只能由which引导,题目中很会用that来误倒
代词错误的可能性
(1)代词与先行词不一致
前面说了是单数,后面用了them,所以要改成it。这类的错误也经常发生
动词错误的可能性 (大头!!)
时态错误
明明文章在说过去的事情,但用了个is,所以要改成was
这个错错每次改错题目都有,所以看到错的句子有动词,先看上下,有没有时态问题
(2)主谓不一致
they was doing …… 这样的错误,找不出么,6级也别考了
(3)非谓语动词提前形式的错误
viewed……,they were doing…… 像这样的情况,viewed就要改成viewing
如果后面是it,前面是ing形式,也要注意的
(4)平行结构错误
前面连着2句都是to做什么,to做什么and do什么,这时候就要在这个do前加to
如果是to doing,就要改成to do
以上这些错误在考试中占6-7分左右,可以一定要抓住,后面的分数就难拿了
另类错误
(1)易混淆的词
比如:His persistence was awarded when the car finally started
中间的awarded是错误的,应该改成rewarded
(2)从上下文来看,应该改动的词
一般发生在名词的身上!!比如前面说美国人吃饭的习惯,后面写了chinese,那就要改成American
(3)固定词组用错一个,造成意思完全改变
比如:It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and
technology 要把takes 改成 gives
这样的难点错误,解决方法是,能改则改,不能改确定哪个词错,骗2个0。5分
总的评注:做改错题一定要具有一双“慧眼”。重要的不是自己会运用一个语法点或知识点,而是能够识别出错误的用法,以审查的眼光去面对每一个改错题。这就需要掌握必要的答题步骤和技巧。
答题步骤:
1、一般来说,做题时千万不要拿起来就改。先花一、两分钟从头到尾通读全文,对文章大致内容有所了解,做到心中有数。
2、然后把重点放在有错误项的标题号行,寻找较容易辩认的语法错误,如主谓不一致、时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等等。
3、如果错行中不存在上述明显错误,则应查看是否有词语搭配错误,易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。
4、如果错行中既不存在语法错误,也不存在词汇错误,则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯,连接词是否使用正确,是否有逻辑混乱的现象,如否定句误用成肯定句造成句意不通等。注意:有时没有错项的行对改错很有帮助。
5、找到错误项之后,按要求形式进行改正、删去或增添,并设法找到一个正确项使句子在语法、语义和逻辑上都成立。
短文改错 :下面短文中各有10处错误,错误涉及一个单词的删减、增加或修改。错误(每句中最多有两个错误),则按下列情况改正:
该行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
(一)
Last week my parents and I took a two-days trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain,
we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy
taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain.
The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep
at the moment my head touched the pillow.
(二)
Many teachers worry about the effects of television with young people.
According to studies, many children spend more time watching television
than they spend in school. Because so much viewing, children may not
be develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries
much about the radio program young people listen to, although radios can be
very noise. Teachers also wonder about the effects of television commercials.
On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all
planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want things that they don't real need.
(三)
I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players
we’ve won several games. There will an important game next month.
But one of the best player in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t
play basketball once more. His parents asked him to spend in more time
preparing for the college entrance examination. I feel sorry to him.
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports
and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. So my friend had
no choice. He wanted to make their parents happy.
(四)
When I first learned to write English, I ran into many difficulties.
The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and
tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me
to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100
words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper
as I was learning to express me in simple English .One day I wrote
a little story and showed to my teacher .She liked it very much and
reads it to the class .All said the story was a good one. Their word
were a great encouragement to me.
(五)
Dear Ralph,
I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as
shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me
to do things as well them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as
a fool. So I feel happy every day. Besides, I have few friends.
I don't know that they don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked
to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at
once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t
seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do?
Yours,
Xiao Wei
(六)
On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do over a weekend.
I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum
and some parks. But I have spent lot my money, so I cannot even go
out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert. Yes, a concert can be very excited.
You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert
cost so much. I may just listen to music, I have some records giving to me
as birthday gifts. If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money.
All right. That’s how I' m going to do.
(七)
Dear Susan,
I’m very glad to hear about you are coming to visit me the next Friday. Unfortunately,
I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon.
You won’t find difficult to get to the city center. The airport bus leaves every
30 minute and will take you rightly to the Friendship Hotel. My class will
be over by then or I will pick you up there. I will take you together to
a hot-pot restaurant for dinner and we’ll talk with our plan for the weekend
over dinner. Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.
Yours,
Zhang Ming
(八)
You can find all kinds information in just a few minute on the Internet.
It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books.
Recently even though, many people have been discussing the dangers of the Internet.
They have been reports in America about people trying to steal person
Informations for bad purposes. Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all
information are good to society. For example, you can find such information
like how to kill people. The problem will become more serious in the future.
(九)
Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which
is both interested and fun. And every year more and more people start
a stamp collection of your own and discover an interest which can
even last lifetime . Starting your collection of stamps are easy because
they are nowhere. Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters
from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. So once
you’ve started collecting seriously, you will probably want to join in the
Stamp Collectors’Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection.
(十)
Though a great progress has been made in science these years, there
are still many people live in poor conditions. They make their lives
by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school
because they have not enough money to send their children to there.
Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now?
The answer lies on the population explosion. A president
of a developing country once said; “It is us who are to blame for
the poverty because we used to ‘produce’ child without limit.”
Although this few words sound simple enough, they have
clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion.
(1)第一行:two-days 改为two-day 第二行:mountain 前加a
第三行:noon后加when 第四行:them改为us
第五行:visiting 改为visited 第六行:pictures;passed
第七行:去down 第八行:and改为but 第九行:去at
(2)第一行:with改为on 第二行:many改为some 第三行:because of
第四行:删去 be;read改为reading 第五行:programs第六行:noisy
第七行:On改为In 第八行:去掉want前的to;real改为really
(3) 第一行:so改为and 第二行:will后加be
第三行:player 改为players;then改为now 第四行:once改为any;删去in
第五行:to改为for 第六行:go改为going; 第七行:was改为is
第八行:their改为his
(4) 第一行:write后加in 第二行:去掉第一个in 第三行:anything改为everything
第四行:my改为a;去掉should 第五行:talk改为talking 第六行:me改为myself
第七行:showed 后加it 第八行:reads改为read;word改为words
(5) 第一行:of改为from 第二行:quietly改为quiet 第三行:well 后加as;to改为at
第四行:happy改为unhappy/sad 第五行:that改为why;talked改为talk
第六行:stranger改为strangers 第七行:since改为but 第八行:去掉about
(6) 第一行:划掉myself ;a 改为the 第二行:visit 改为visiting 第三行:my前加of
第四行:excited 改为exciting 第五行:So改为But
第六行:cost改为costs;giving改为given 第七行:are改为is第八行:how改为what
(7)第一行:去掉about;去掉the 第二行:although改为because / as
第三行:find 后加it 第四行:minute 改为minutes;rightly 改为right
第五行:or 改为and ;去掉together; 第六行:with 改为about
第七行:Having 改为Have
(8)第一行:kinds 改为kinds of ;minute改为minutes 第二行:have改为having
第三行:去掉even 第四行:They改为There ;person改为personal
第五行:informations改为information;easily改为easy
第六行:are改为is 第七行:what改为how
(9)第一行:age改为ages 第二行:interested改为interesting
第三行:your改为their;what改为which/that
第四行:lifetime前加a;are改为 is 第五行:nowhere改为everywhere
第六行:for改为with;So改为But 第七行:去掉in
第八行:exist改为exists
(10)第一行:去掉a 第二行:live改为living 第三行:thing改为things
第四行
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