Vocabulary-Building-词根-词干.doc

Vocabulary Building - Greek and Latin Roots
Prefixes
a, ab
away, from,
away from
aversion 厌恶, abnormal, abdicate 退位
a, an
not, without
asymmetrical, amoral, anarchy
ad
to, toward
adjoining, adhere 粘附, advance
ambi, amphi
both
ambidextrous 两手灵巧的, amphibian, ambiguity 含糊不清
ante
before
ante meridian (a.m.), antebellum <美>战前的，antecedent 先行的
anti
against
antifreeze 防冻剂, antiwar, antiaircraft
bene
good
benefactor, benefit, benediction
circum
around, round, surrounding
circumnavigate, circumference n. 圆周, 周围, circle
con, com, co
together, with
connect, community, cooperate, co-pilot
contra, counter
against,
opposed to
contradict, counterattack
de
down from, away from, reverse
descend, depart, depopulate
dia
through
diagonal, diameter
dis
opposite of, away
dissatisfied, disarm, dismiss, disperse驱散
dys
ill, bad, impaired, difficult
dysfunctional, dyslexia 诵读困难, dystrophy 营养失调
epi
upon, above
epidermis表皮的, epicenter 震中, 中心, epitaph 墓志铭, 碑文
ex
out, out of, away from, formerly
exclude, exit, ex-president
fore
in front
forecast, foreword. 前言, 序
hyper
over, above, beyond, excessively
hyperventilate 强力呼吸
hypo
under, beneath, below
hypodermic,
hypothermia 降低体温
il
not
illegal
in
in, into, within
insert, incision 切开, 切口
in
not
inert 惰性的, 迟钝的, ineligible, incorrect
inter
between, among
intervene, intercept 中途阻止, interstate 州际的
intra, intro
within
intrastate 州内的, introspection
lux, luc
light
lucid, translucent (半)透明的
mega
large, great
megahertz]兆赫, megaphone 扩音器
mis
wrong(ly), incorrect(ly)
misspell, miscalculate, misunderstand
multi
many
multiply, multitude. 多数, 群众
neo
new
neoclassical 新古典主义的
non
not
nonsense, nonresident 不住在任所的, nonpartisan无党无派的
nov
new
novice
omni
all
omniscient 无所不知的, omnipotent
pan
all
pan-American, pandemic 全国流行的
per
through, throughout, over, large, high
perforate打孔, permeate 弥漫, 渗透, perceptive 有理解的
peri
around
perimeter 周长, periosteum [解]骨膜, periscope. 潜/展望镜
poly
many
polygon 多边形, polyglot, polysyllabic
post
after
postscript 附言, 后记, postpone
pre
pre
premeditated预先考虑, preface
prim
first
primary, primitive
pro
in favor of, forward,
in place of
proponent支持者, protrude突出, pronoun
proto
first
Prototype原型
re
back, again
respond, repeat, regress,使倒退, redo
retro
back, backward
retrorocket 反推进火箭, retrospective 回顾
se
away, apart
Seclude隐居, segregate. 隔离,
secede 正式脱离或退出
sub
under, below
subcellar]地下室的第二层, subordinate, submarine
super, ultra
over, above, beyond, excessively
supervisor, ultraviolet 紫外线的
sym,syn
together, with
synchronize, symbiosis
trans
across, over
transcontinental 横贯大陆的, transportation

Roots
acer, acr
sharp, bitter
acrimonious辛辣的, acerbate 使发怒 acerb(ic) a. 尖锐的, 刻薄
alter
other
alternative, alternate, alter ego个性的另一面
ambul
walk
ambulatory 走动的，流动的, ambulance， perambulate v. 巡行
amor
love
amorous, amour
annu, enni
year
anniversary
anthropo
man
anthropology人类学, anthropoid 类人猿，anthropocentric . 以人类为中心的,
aqua
water
Aquarium(水族馆), aqueduct 水渠 aquaculture 水产业，aquafarm 水产养殖场
arch
ruler, chief, first
monarch 君主, anarchy 无政府
patriarch n.家长, 族长 archeology 考古学
aster
star
aterisk 星号﹡, asteroid 小行星, astronomy
aud, audit
hear, listen to
audience, auditorium, audition. (试)听, audio
bene
good
benefit, benefactor 恩人,
benign 仁慈的 benediction
bibl
book
bible, bibliography 书目, bibliolatry 书籍崇拜，
biblioclast 破坏书籍者
bio
life
biology, biography
cap
take, hold
capture, captivate 迷住, 迷惑
capit, capt
head, chief, leader
cap, captain, decapitate 斩首
per capita 照人数分配的,
cardi
heart
cardiac, pericardium]心包膜
carn
flesh
carnivorous 食肉类的, reincarnation 化身, 再生
caus, caut
burn
cauterize v. 烧灼,
caustic. 腐蚀性的, 刻薄的,
holocaust 大毁灭, 大屠杀
cause,cuse,cus
cause, motive
cause, because, accuse, excuse
cede, cess
move, yield
recede, concession，process
chrom
color
Monochromatic单色的,
chromatist 色彩学家
chron
time
chronicles, chronological, synchronize 同步
clud
shut
seclude, include, exclude
corp, corpor
body
corpse 尸体, corps军团, corporation, corpulent 肥胖的
crat, cracy
power, rule
monarchy 君主制, aristocrat 贵族, anarchy, democracy
cred
believe
credit, credible, incredulous
crux, cruc
cross
crux 症结, crucifix 十字架, crucial
crypt
secret, hidden
crypt地窖, cryptic神秘的,
cryptogram 密码
culpa
blame
culprit 犯人, culpable有罪的
cur, curs
run, course
current, curriculum 课程, cursive 草书的, cursor 指针
dem
people
democracy, demographics 人口统计, demagogue 政治煽动家
derm
skin
epidermis 表皮,
dermatology 皮肤病学
deus
god
deity, deify v. 神化
dic(t)
tell, speak
dictator, dictation, edict, dictionary
dox
belief
orthodox 正统的, heterodox 异端的, paradox 是事而非的
duc(t)
lead
Induce促使, introduce,
deduction减除 conduct
dyna
power
dynamic 动力的, dynamite 炸药, dynasty 王朝
equ
equal
Equable平静的, equivalent 相等的 equivocate v. 说话模棱两可
fac
make, do
factory, manufacture
fer
bear, carry
transfer, refer，prefer, infer, defer
fid
faith, trust
confidence, fidelity 忠诚,
infidel 异教
flu, flux
flowing
influx 流入, influence,
confluence 汇合
fort
strong
fort 堡垒, fortify, fortitude, forte
fract
break
fracture 破裂, fraction,
infraction 侵害
frater, fratr
brother
fraternity, fraternal
gen
race, birth, kind
genesis 起源, general, genetic , generation
geo
earth
geography, geothermal 地热的, geology
greg
flock, herd
congregate 聚集,
gregarious 社交的
gress
go
egress 出口, progress,
retrogress 退步 regress 倒退
gyn
woman
gynecology 妇科学 ,
gynarchy 女人当政
hetero
different
heterogeneous 异类的, heteromorphic 异性的, heteronym
同拼法异音异义词 (wind)
homo, homeo
same
homogeneous 同类的, homonym, homeostasis 动态平衡
homo
man
homage 敬意, homo sapiens 智人
hydr
water
hydrant 消防栓,
dehydrate 使脱水
jac, jec
throw
projectile 弹射, projector放映机, eject 喷射
junct
join
junction 连接, juncture结合点, adjunct 附件，a. 附属的
laud
praise
laud 赞美 laudable applaud 鼓掌
leg, legis
law
legal, legislation, legitimate
lect
gather, choose, read
collect, elect, lecture，intellect
lith
stone
monolith 独块巨石,
neolithic 新石器时代的
locu, loqu
speak
loquacious 饶舌的,
elocution 雄辩术
log, logy
speech, word, study of
biology, psychology, logic
magn(i)
large, great
magnify, magnitude 大量
magnanimous 宽宏大量的,
mal
bad, evil
malice 恶意, malignant 恶性的
man, manu
hand
maneuver 机动, manipulate 操纵, manual
meter, metr
measure
meter, thermometer, symmetry
micro
small
microbe 微生物, microscope
mit, miss
send
emit v. 发出, transmit 传播,
mission 任务, missile 导弹
mort
death
mortal 致命的, mortuary 太平间
mob, mov, mot
move
motor, movie, motivate, emotional, automobile
mute
change
mutation 变化, immutable
nasc, nat
birth, spring forth
natural, native, renascence, innate
nihil, nil
nothing
annihilate消灭
nym
name
Anonymous匿名的, pseudonym,
acronym 首字母缩略词, homonym同音异义词
oner, onus
burden
onerous 繁重的, onus 责任，负担
ortho
straight, right, correct
orthodontist 正牙医生,
orthodox 正统的
pac
peace
pacifist 和平主义者,
pacifier 抚慰者, pact 合同
path
feeling, disease
sympathetic, apathy,
pathology 病理学
pecc
fault
impeccable 完美的,
peccadillo 小过失
ped, pod
foot
Pedestrian行人, pedal 踏板,
podium 乐队指挥台, tripod
ped (paidos)
boy
pedagogue卖弄学问者, pediatrician 儿科医生, pedotrophy正确抚养孩子
pel, puls
urge, drive
impelled 强迫, impulse 刺激,
pulsating 跳动
pend, pen
hang
dependent, impending, 迫近
pendulum 钟摆, suspend 悬挂
phil
love
philanthropist, philosophy
phob
fear
claustrophobia 忧闭恐怖症, phobia
phon
sound
telephone, symphony
photo
light
photograph, photoelectric
physio
nature
physics, physiology 生理学
plac
please, appease
placate 安抚
plen, plete
fill
plenty, replenish 补充, complete, deplete 耗尽
pli, plic, plex
fold, bend
pliable 柔软的, complex, multiplication, accomplice 帮凶
polis
city
metropolis大都市, politics, police, Annapolis 马里兰州首府
pon, pos
place, put
postpone, position, responsible
port
carry
portable, transport, export
portfolio文件夹, import
preci
price
appreciate, depreciate贬值, precious
prim
first, early
primary, primitive
pseudo
false
pseudonym, pseudoscience
psych
mind
psychology,
psychosomatic受心理影响的
pung, punct
point, prick
Punctual守时的, pungent辛辣的, puncture刺破
quasi
like, but not really
quasi-official, quasi-war
sanct
holy
sanctuary避难所, sanctify尊崇, sanction批准
scien
know, knowledge
conscience, science, omniscient
scope
sight
telescope, microscope
scrib, script
write
scribble潦草书写,
inscription题字, script手稿
sequ, secut
follow
sequence, sequel结局,
consecutive连续的, consequence
sol
alone
solitary孤独的, solo
solv, solut
loosen
solution, solvent溶解剂
somn
sleep
somnolent催眠的, insomnia失眠
somniferous催眠的
son
sound
sonic音速的, unison齐唱, resonant共鸣的
soph
wise
philosophy, sophisticated圆滑的
spec(t)
look
spectacle奇观, spectator, spectacular壮观的, inspect
string, strict
tighten
strict, stringent严厉的,
constrict压缩, restrict
stru, struct
build
construct, structure, destruct
tang, tact, tig
touch
contact, tangible, tactile触角, contiguous邻近的
tele
far
television, telegraph
tend, tens
hold
tension, tentative暂时的, tenure
tenacious顽强的,
terra
earth
extraterrestrial地球外的,
terrain地形, terra firma陆地
theo
god
theology, atheist
tom
cut
appendectomy阑尾切除术, epitome摘要
tort
twist
torture折磨, contort( 形状)扭曲, distort歪曲(事实), extort敲诈,
tract
draw, drag
tractor, retract缩回, extract拔出
ven(t)
come
vent, convention大会,
intervene介于其间
vert, vers
turn
revert回复原位, reverse倒退, versatile, invert颠倒
vid, vis
see
video, television, supervise, visible
viv
live
revive, survive, vivacious
voc
call, speak
vocal, vocabulary, convocation集会, avocation业余爱好

Latin and Greek Numbers
One
uni
united, uniform, unicellular

mono
monotone, monopoly, monologue
Two
du(o)
duet, duplicate, duplex

bi
bicycle, biped, bilingual
Three
tri
triplicate, triple, triangle
Four
quad(ri)
quadruple, quadrilateral

tetra
tetrameter, tetrachloride
Five
quin(que)
quintet

pent(a)
pentagon
Six
sex
sextuplets, sextet

hex(a)
hexagon
Seven
sept
septet

hept(a)
heptagon
Eight
octo
octogenarian, octave, octagon
Nine
non
nonagon
Ten
dec
decade, decimal
One hundred
cent
centurty, centennial, percentage

hec
hectogram

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