资源描述
犬穿透性胸部枪弹伤对心肺功能的影响
作者:安书杰 刘维永 郭建军 李同勋 陶登顺
【关键词】 胸部损伤
关键词: 胸部损伤;创伤,枪击;呼吸窘迫综合征;狗
摘 要:目的 观察犬穿透性胸部枪弹伤对心肺功能的影响,并探
讨其损伤机制. 方法 35 只犬随机分为 3 组,A:胸部穿透伤组(对照
组 n=12) B:预扎肋间血管后致伤组 n=16、C:预扎肋间血管加人工气 、
胸后致伤组 n=7.以上 3 组分别用小口径步枪定点致伤右下胸,连续监
测呼吸、气道压、动静脉压等,观察动物死亡情况. 结果 A 组死亡率
为 83%,B 组死亡率为 38%,C 组无死亡.A、B 组致伤后呼吸频率、气
道压峰值立即明显增高,动、静脉压亦短暂性地显著升高,但仅一个
波峰,随即恢复到正常水平,C 组无明显变化. 结论 胸部枪弹穿透伤
由于心肺功能改变较重,迅即导致了循环、呼吸障碍,死亡率高,死
亡原因主要为失血性休克和急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS).
Keywords:thoracic injuries;wounds ,
gunshot;respiratory distress syndrome;dogs
Abstract:AIM To investigate the functional changes of
the heart and lung resulting from penetrating thoracic gunshot
wound in the dogs and to explore the wound mechanism.METHODS
1
Thirty-five dogs were divided randomly into3groups:Group A was
the penetrating thoracic wounds group(control group) in group ,
B,the intercostal artery was ligat-ed before wound and in group
C , the intercostal artery was ligated and artificial
pneumothorax was made before wound.
In all the groups,the gunshot wound was made with rifles
at the same site point at lower right thorax.Respiration rate,
airway pressure , as well as artery and vein pressure were
monitored continuously.Autopsy was performed in all the
experimental dogs.RESULTS Mortality rate was83.3%in group A,
37.5%in group B,and no dogs died in group C.In both group A and
B,the respiration rate,pressure peak val-ue of airway soon
increased significantly.The pressure of artery and vein
temporarily increased significantly and only at one wave,then
resumed immediately to the normal level.All of the
above-mentioned changes were insignificant in group
C.CONCLUSION Mortality rate of penetrating thoracic gunshot
wound is high as the wound causes severe circulatory and
respiratory dysfunction.The major cause of death is hemorrhagic
shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
2
0 引言
胸部火器伤是战时常见损伤,约占全部伤员的 12%[1,2] ,
平时胸部火器伤的发生率约为 3%~11%,但在一些枪支管理不严的国
家,甚至有的竟高达 23%[3] .胸部火器伤伤情严重、复杂,死亡率
高,有统计约 60%的病例死于现场或运送途中[4] ,所以加强现场
和运送途中的早期救治已成为胸部火器伤救治中的一个重点和难点.
我们选用犬为致伤动物,观察了犬穿透性枪弹伤早期的呼吸、循环功
能改变及心、肺病理学检查,对穿透性胸部枪弹伤的致伤机制进行了
探讨,试图为战伤早期救治提供理论基础.
1 材料和方法
1.1 材料 ①动物:健康杂种犬 35 只(西京医院实验外科提
供) 雌雄不拘,体质量(17±4)kg,②器材:致伤武器为 5.56mm 口 ,
径步枪,2.57g 铅弹;自制动物射击台、XJ-1000 型网靶测速仪(第四
军医大学西京医院心血管外科中心);八道生理记录仪(成都医学仪器
厂).
1.2 方法
1.2.1 动物模型的建立 实验犬随机分成 3 组,A 组(穿透性
胸部枪弹伤,对照组,n=12) 动物左侧卧位,于右胸第七肋间正中线 ,
3
展开阅读全文