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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Translation Theory and Practice(,1,),Chapter Three,1/14,Illustration 1:,the Milky Way,the apple of ones eye,Every dog has its day.,When Greek meets Greek,then comes the tug of war.,2/14,造成上述翻译标准原因主要有：,a.原文文化过于强盛时译者往往采取译出语为取向翻译标准，译文文化过于强盛时译者往往采取译入语为取向翻译标准；,b.学习和借鉴原文文化时译者往往采取译出语为取向翻译标准，藐视或贬低原文文化时经常采取译入语为取向翻译标准；,c.译者个人能力或兴趣经常影响着对这两种翻译标准选择。,3/14,Illustration 2:,玄奘：既须求真又须喻俗,A good translation should be both faithful to the original and intelligible to the public.,严复:信、达、雅,（faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance）。,鲁迅：凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力争其易解，一则保留着原作丰姿。,（keep the full flavour of the original work,）,4/14,Illustration 2:,安德烈费道罗夫,前苏联翻译理论家：忠实、通顺（Faithfulness，Smoothness）,刘重徳：信、达、切,（Faithfulness Expressiveness Closeness）,e.g.,You are a goddamn genius.,5/14,Illustration 2:,这类翻译标准或标准共同特点是：翻译既要忠实又要通顺，即译文必须既要考虑到原作者又要考虑到译文读者。,忠,实,原作内容,原作格调,通,顺,死译、硬译（,文理不通,结构混乱,逻辑不清,佶倔聱牙,X,6/14,Examples:,例1,We shall not want for food.,译文1：我们不想什么食品。,译文2,：我们不会缺乏食品。,例2.Supporters of the nature theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.,译文1：天性论支持者坚持，我们出生时带有某种学习能力，这种学习能力从生物学上讲已是被确定了。,译文2,：支持天性论人坚持说，我们生来就含有一定学习能力，这是由生物原因决定。,7/14,Illustration 3:,这类翻译标准主要为文学翻译家所提倡。,傅雷,:,以效果而论，翻译应该像临画一样，所求不在形似而在神似。,钱钟书：文学翻译最高标准是化.把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯差异而露出生硬牵强痕迹，又能完全保留原有风味，那就算得入于化境.,许渊冲：意美、音美、形美（beauty in meaning,beauty in sound and beauty in form）,8/14,Illustration 4:,社会符号学翻译法认为翻译就是翻译意义,意义分为指称意义、言内意义和语用意义。,翻译作品质量好坏或高低应依据译文能在多大程度上再现原文意义和功效。,9/14,Part Two Practice,1.,Hollywood was named for a plant that looked liked holly and covered the ground in west Los Angeles where movies were first made.,状似冬青,遍地长着,第一批电影是在洛杉矶市西区摄制,当年这里遍地长着一个,状似冬青(英语中念“好莱”)树(念“坞”),于是名叫“好莱坞”.,拍摄电影,10/14,Part Two Practice,2.,In 1932,the first full-color cartoon was Disneys Flowers and Trees.,暗含着,“摄制,拍摄”,花草树木(以求节奏友好),(,1932年第一部全彩卡通片是迪斯尼花草树木。,),1932年迪斯尼拍摄了第一部全彩卡通片,花草树木.,11/14,Part Two Practice,3,.People followed famous actors and actresses everywhere.,追逐(,指快速主动地追寻逃跑东西),在此暗示名演员作为“大众情人”角色,人们处处追逐那些有名男女影星.,pursue;chase,12/14,Part Two Practice,They bought newspapers to read about the lives of their favorite stars.,了解(变介词为动词),私生活(更详细),他们买报纸来读,方便了解自己最喜爱明星们私生活.,13/14,Part Two Practice,5.,People still remember the great days of Hollywood,however,and visit Manns Chinese Theater,where they can step into the concrete footprites of famous stars and pretend for a while.,思念(突显蕴含其中感情),鼎盛时期,然而人们依然思念,好莱坞鼎盛时期,常去参观马恩中国剧院,踏进电影明星混凝土脚印里,过过一回明星瘾.,to feign an action or a character,过一回明星瘾,14/14,
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