英语词汇名词.doc

Chapter 1 Nouns（名词）名词概述名词（Nouns）是指人、物、事、时、地、情感概念等实体或抽象事物的词,如张三、李四、 桌子、椅子等. Unit 1 Colors:red红色grey灰色yellow黄色white白色green绿色silver银色blue蓝色purple紫色orange桔色brown棕色black黑色pink粉色gold金色 扩充词汇： light green 浅绿色 light brown 浅棕色dark green 深绿色 dark brown 深棕色red and white 红白相间 red,white and yellow 红白黄相间 Practice（练习）一、 Write the colors.(写出相应的颜色) _ _ _ _ _二、Fill in the blanks（填空）.1、 I like _. (the same color with bananas)2、 _ is my favourite color.3、 _ is the color of our national flag.三、Guess（猜一猜）.We all know that “one+one=two”.What about colors? Guess.red +yellow = _ _ + blue = greenred + _ = purple red +white = _n Clothes（衣服）tie领带jacket夹克gloves手套vest背心cap（有沿）帽子trousers裤子socks袜子boots靴子scarf围巾suit套服sweater毛衣belt腰带，皮带 Food（食物）Fruit水果:pear梨watermelon西瓜peach桃子strawberry草莓plum李子kiwifruit猕猴桃cherry樱桃coconut椰子lemon柠檬pineapple菠萝Vegetables（蔬菜）:eggplant茄子greenpepper青椒cabbage卷心菜carrot胡萝卜lettuce莴苣bean豆, 豆形果实cucumber黄瓜celery芹菜pumpkin南瓜pea豌豆 Practice(练习)一、 Fill in the blanks(填空).1、 Could you please get me some _? -Im hungry.A. peachs B. cabbages C. scarfs2、We usually wear _ in summer. A.anorak B. T-shirt C. Scarf D.sweater3、There are some _ here. A. Lemones B.plumes C. peares D. peaches4、Rabbits like eating _. A. carrots B.beans C. cucumbers D. pumpkins 5、 Those are his _. A. jacketes B. trousers C. scarfs D. bootes二、 Look at the pictures, write down the names.(看图写词) _ _ _ _ _三 猜字谜 1. Its a kind of fruit. Its also a color.what is it? 2. I am fresh. I am green and round. My name begins with the letter “c” what am I? Conversation（对话） 请将对话英译汉！W: Hello! Can I help you?M: Well, I am looking for some summer clothes. W: How do you like the skirt,madam?M: I like the courlor.Its very lovely.But it is too small for me. Could you show me another one?W: How about this one,madam?Short skirts are in fashion nowM: Can I try it on?W: Sure. 名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：(1)一般情况下，在词尾加s。egbook-books，hat-hats，pencil-pencils以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s读音为/s/，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为/z/。在/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/等清辅音后/s/：cups，cats，在/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/等浊辅音后/z/：cards，bags，lions(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加es。egbeach-beaches，brush-brushes，bus-buses，box-boxes，(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es。egbaby-babies city-cities，family-families，注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s。egholidays，days，plays，ways，donkeys，boys，toys(4)以o结尾的名词，有生命力的加es,没生命力的加s。eg. tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoes，hero-heroes radio-radios photophotos pianopianos(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加es。egwife-wives，leaf-leaves，half-halves，knife-knives shelf-shelves(yes读音为vz) (注意例外情况：roof-roofs，chief-chiefs，gulf-gulfs)(6) 有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es，而是变换其中的字母，egman-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen，child-children，Englishman-Englishmen，Frenchman-Frenchmen，ox-oxen(公牛)foot-feet， tooth-teeth， mouse-mice，goose-geese(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。egChinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish，people a sheep-five sheep a deer-five deer不定冠词的基本用法: 不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：a boy, a city, a girl, an elephant，a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy。 综合练习题一、 写出下列名词的复数形式 eggplant _ lemon _ peach _ pea _ scarf _ cherry _ knife _ man_ foot_ watch_ photo_ day_ foot_ dress_ tooth_ sheep_ 二、根据短语提示涂色 a yellow coat red and yellow boots a purple eggplant brown socks an orange pumpkin black trousers 三、单项选择 1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful. A. cloth B. water C. flowers 2. Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. boies 3. A cat has four _ , doesnt it? A. foots B. feet C. feets 4. There are three _ and five _ in the room. A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Janpaneses 5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse 6. The _ has two_. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch 7. The _ are flying back to their country. A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans 8. The girl brushes her _ every day before he goes to bed. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths 三、 .填入所给名词的正确形式 1. I have two_ (knife) 2. There are many _ here. (box) 3. There are many _ on the road. (bus) 4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 5. The _ are playing football now. (child) Unit2英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下： 一、可数名词有单数、复数之分，如： mapmaps；oniononions；bakerbakers 不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如： some water；a lot of bread 二、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a （an）；而不可数名词不能用a（an）。如： Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。 We cant see milk on the table.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。 在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。如： Pass me the ball，please.请把球传给我。 The chicken on the plate is yours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。 Necessity (日用品）desk课桌fork叉子spoon勺子window窗户clock钟表mirror镜子wall墙watch手表fridge冰箱floor地板bed床computer电脑radio收音机cooker炊具wardrobe衣橱glue胶水soap香皂plate盘子brush刷子shampoo洗发露dictionary词典Practice(练习)：Write the name of each picture. (看图写词） Guess(猜谜语)1. What never asks questions but gets a lot of answers? 2. What is deaf and dumb but always tells the truth? Body (身体）neck脖子knee膝盖thumb大拇指shoulder肩膀nail指甲toe脚趾头hair头发tooth牙齿tongue舌头waist腰elbow手肘eyebrow眉毛ankle脚裸Finger手指ear耳朵eyelash眼睫毛脑袋Head圆又圆, 鼻子Nose站中间, Eye, 眼睛黑又亮, Ear, 耳朵长两边Mouth, 嘴巴会说话, Face, 小脸白又白, Hand, 小手拍一拍, Arm, 胳膊真结实Finger, 手指会数数, Foot, 小脚跳一跳, Leg, 小腿踢踢腿, Body, 身体摇一摇 Practice(练习)一、Fill in the blanks（首字母填空）1. My mother gets very angry with me when I bite my n 2. The president will come into the room and shake h with me.3. I sometimes forget to comb my h in the morning.4. Since I hurt my leg in the accident, its been difficult to bend my k .二、 Guess(猜一猜)1、 You have two little windows. You open them in the morning. You close them at night. Whats it? _2、Two little brothers live near each other. One lives on one side. The other is on the other. Whats it? _ Transport (交通）ambulance救护车truck卡车bycicle自行车accident事故jeep吉普ship轮船motorbike摩托车express快客列车train火车spaceship宇宙飞船yacht游艇aeroplane飞机helicopter直升机van小货车subway地铁railway铁路Conversation(对话)A: How did you get there?B: I came By bus.A: And others?B: Mary and John came by car.A: And Bob?B: He missed the bus, so he had to take a taxi.Phrase: catch the bus 赶公交 miss the train 错过火车 stand in a line 排队 jump a queue 加个儿（插队） Notes:地铁站 railway station停车场 parking lot汽车站 bus stop交通信号灯 traffic lightsPractice(练习)一、 Matches.(连线) ship ambulance aeroplane helicopter train二、Fill in the blanks.(填空)1、 It is a kind of plane. It is a h_.2、 The train usually goes under the ground. It is a s_.3、 It is a ship. But it can fly. It is a s_.三、Guess(猜一猜)1、It has two wheels, and it doesnt need oil. It is more convenient thanWalking. What is it? _2、Big bird in the sky, some people in that, fly east, fly west, whats that? _综合练习题：一、用英语写出下列身体部位。 二、Choose the best answer(选择)1、 When there is an accident, you need a/an _.A. subway B. tractor C. ambulance D. motorbike2、 The speed of _ is the fastest in the following.A. tractor B. helicopter C. lorry D. motorbike3、 _ can run in the sea. A. ship B. lorry C. ambulance D. plane4、 How do you get there? -_. A.By a car. B. In train. C. With a helicopter. D. By bike.5、What has a foot but cant walk? .A. A bed B. A window C. A plate D. A brush6、 can tell us the time. A. wardrobes B. watches C. fridges D. windows 7、We can type letters with . A. TVs B. radios C. computers D. fridges8、We usually use in the western restaurant(西餐厅）A. fork and spoon B. fork and knife C. chopsticks and spoon Unit 3 Job(职业)doctor医生cleaner清洁工nurse护士seller卖方dentist牙医farmer农民postman邮递员artist艺术家policeman警察driver司机pilot飞行员singer歌唱家writer作家attendant接待员housewife家庭主妇bussinessman商人actor男演员actress女演员butcher屠夫；卖肉的boss老板hairdresser理发师air hostess空中小姐Text(课文)Robert: I am a new student. My names Bobert.Sophie: Nice to meet you. My names Sophie.Robert: Are you French?Sophie: Yes, I am.Robert: Are you a teacher?Sophie:No, Im not.Robert: Whats your job?Sophie: Im a keyboard operator.Notes on the text1、 What do you do? Im + job(a banker/ an engineer).2、 Whats your job? I work in + place or general area(a bank/ a school)work 通常是不可数名词，因而不能说a work。如果要用不定冠词a/an，必须说a job。Practice(练习)一、Look at the pictures, write down the names.(看图写词) _ _ _ _ _二、Fill in the blanks.(填空) 1、 The p_ delivers(投递) our letters to us.2、 She doesnt work outside(外面). She is a h_.3、 The f_ works on the farm.4、 The p_ drives a plane.5、 When you have toothache, you need to see a d_. Places(地点名词)factory工厂hospital医院farm农场school学校bank银行library图书馆cinema电影院park公园kitchen厨房garden花园restaurant餐厅zoo动物园post office邮局supermarket超市 Dialogue（对话）Mum: Tom, its time to get up, or youll be late for school.Tom: Mum, I dont feel well. I feel cold.Mum: Let me see. Oh, youve fever. Youd better go to the hospital and see the doctor. 请将对话英译汉 Tom: OK. Lets go!Practice(练习)Fill in the blanks(填空)1、 Farmers work on the _.2、 Doctors and nurses work in the _.3、 There are many flowers in the _.4、 We usually go to _ to buy things.5、 We borrow books from the _.Translate(汉译英)去上学_ 去邮局_ 生病住院_在农场上_ 在花园里_ Weeks and Months(星期和月份)星期 WeekMonday, Monday 星期一Tuesday, Tuesday 星期二Wednesday，Wednesday 星期三Thursday，Thursday 星期四Friday, Friday 星期五Saturday，Saturday星期六Sunday，Sunday星期天Dialogue（对话）-What day is it today?-Maybe Sunday.-Wow,its Sunday today. Why not go fishing?Thats a good idea. 请将对话英译汉 Notes:second - 秒 minute-分 hour-小时 day - 天 week-周 month-月 year-年月份 MonthsJanuary一月July七月February二月August八月March三月September九月April四月October十月May五月November十一月June六月December十二月Dialogue(对话)A: When were you born, Bob?B:I was born in March.A: March is a warm month. Its very nice.B: You are right. 请将对话英译汉 现在世界各国通用一星期七天的制度。这个制度最早由君士坦丁大帝（Constantine the Great)制定。他在公元321年3月7日正式宣布7天为一周，这个制度一直沿用至今。 这些名称最早起源于古巴比伦（Babylon)。公元前7至6世纪，巴比伦人便有了星期制。他们把一个月分为4周，每周有7天，即一个星期。古巴比伦人建造七星坛祭祀星神。七星坛分7层，每层有一个星神，从上到下依此为日、月、火、水、木、金、土7个神。7神每周各主管一天，因此每天祭祀一个神，每天都以一个神来命名。12个月由来公历一年有12个月，但不少人并不知道12个月的英语名称的来历。公历起源于古罗马历法。罗马的英语原来只有10 个月，古罗马皇帝决定增加两个月放在年尾，后来朱里斯*凯撒大帝把这两个月移到年初，成为1月.2月，原来的1月.2月便成了3月.4月，依次类推。这就是今天世界沿用的公历。 注意：正规的英语中六月，七月，九月的缩写是4个字母，其他月份3个字母。挂历上见到的Jun，Jul, Sep是错误的。Practice(练习)一、 Fill in the blanks.(填空)1、 There are seven days in a _.2、 _ is the first day in a week.3、 _ is the last day in a week.4、 Winter begins in _. Summer begins in _.二、 写出相邻的月份 _ February _ _August_ _ November _ _ May _综合练习题：一、 Find the different word.(找出与其他不同类的单词)。（ ）1、A pilot B second C minute D hour（ ）2、A hairdresser B doctor C elephant D dentist（ ）3、A Monday B Thursday C Friday D today（ ）4、A cabbage B tomato C potato D cherry（ ）5、A suit B scarf C cap D train（ ）6、A helicopter B ambulance C mirror D truck（ ）7、A yellow B black C apple D orange（ ）8、A Wednesday B May C April D November（ ）9、A farm B bank C factory D cousin（ ）10、A housewife B fork C postman D singer 二、Choose the best answer(选择题). 1、 How many_ would you like?A. paper B. breadC. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread2 Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers3. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboosC. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos4. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs5. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toysC. books D. stamps6. Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats7. Both my brother and uncle are _. They work hard everyday.A. policemans B. policewomenC. plicemen D. policewomans 三、 Fill in the blanks.(首字母填空)。1、 Do you know Thursday comes after W_?2、 In the morning,he usually reads for about an h_.3、We usually dont go to work on S_ and Sunday.4、 I usually have dinner in the r_.5、 My father is a f_. He works on the farm. He works very hard. My mother is a n_. She works in the hospital. She goes to work from Monday to F_. My brother is a _. He has a big company(公司). Unit4 Animals(动物)bear熊bee蜜蜂goose鹅elephant大象sheep绵羊ant