英语词汇名词.doc

Chapter 1 Nouns（名词）
●名词概述
名词（Nouns）是指人、物、事、时、地、情感概念等实体或抽象事物的词,如张三、李四、 桌子、椅子等.
Unit 1
■ Colors:
red
红色
grey
灰色
yellow
黄色
white
白色
green
绿色
silver
银色
blue
蓝色
purple
紫色
orange
桔色
brown
棕色
black
黑色
pink
粉色
gold
金色

★ 扩充词汇：
light green — 浅绿色 light brown — 浅棕色
dark green — 深绿色 dark brown — 深棕色
red and white — 红白相间 red,white and yellow —红白黄相间
Ø Practice（练习）
一、 Write the colors.(写出相应的颜色)
☆ ♡ □ ○ ♤
______ ______ ______ _______ _______

二、Fill in the blanks（填空）.
1、 I like _____. (the same color with bananas)
2、 ____ is my favourite color.
3、 _____ is the color of our national flag.
三、Guess（猜一猜）.
We all know that “one+one=two”.What about colors? Guess.
red +yellow = ______ ______ + blue = green
red + ______ = purple red +white = ______

n Clothes（衣服）
tie
领带
jacket
夹克
gloves
手套
vest
背心
cap
（有沿）帽子
trousers
裤子
socks
袜子
boots
靴子
scarf
围巾
suit
套服
sweater
毛衣
belt
腰带，皮带
■ Food（食物）
Fruit水果:
pear
梨
watermelon
西瓜
peach
桃子
strawberry
草莓
plum
李子
kiwifruit
猕猴桃
cherry
樱桃
coconut
椰子
lemon
柠檬
pineapple
菠萝

Vegetables（蔬菜）:
eggplant
茄子
greenpepper
青椒
cabbage
卷心菜
carrot
胡萝卜
lettuce
莴苣
bean
豆, 豆形果实
cucumber
黄瓜
celery
芹菜
pumpkin
南瓜
pea
豌豆

Ø Practice(练习)
一、 Fill in the blanks(填空).
1、 Could you please get me some ______? -I’m hungry.
A. peachs B. cabbages C. scarfs
2、We usually wear _____ in summer.
A.anorak B. T-shirt C. Scarf D.sweater
3、There are some _____ here.
A. Lemones B.plumes C. peares D. peaches
4、Rabbits like eating _____.
A. carrots B.beans C. cucumbers D. pumpkins
5、 Those are his _____.
A. jacketes B. trousers C. scarfs D. bootes
二、 Look at the pictures, write down the names.(看图写词)

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
三． 猜字谜
1. It’s a kind of fruit. It’s also a color.what is it?
2. I am fresh. I am green and round. My name begins with the letter “c”, what am I?
Ø Conversation（对话） 请将对话英译汉！
W: Hello! Can I help you?
M: Well, I am looking for some summer clothes.
W: How do you like the skirt,madam?
M: I like the courlor.It's very lovely.But it is too small for me.
Could you show me another one?
W: How about this one,madam?Short skirts are in fashion now.
M: Can I try it on?
W: Sure.
◆ 名词的数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：
(1)一般情况下，在词尾加s。
eg．book--books，hat--hats，pencil--pencils
以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s读音为/s/，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为/z/。
在/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/等清辅音后→/s/：cups，cats，
在/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/等浊辅音后→/z/：cards，bags，lions．
(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加es。
eg．beach--beaches，brush--brushes，bus--buses，box--boxes，
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es。
eg．baby----babies city--cities，family--families，
注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s。
eg．holidays，days，plays，ways，donkeys，boys，toys．
(4)以o结尾的名词，有生命力的加es,没生命力的加s。
eg. tomato--tomatoes，potato--potatoes，hero-heroes．
radio--radios photo—photos piano—pianos
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加es。
eg．wife--wives，leaf--leaves，half--halves，knife--knives
shelf--shelves(yes读音为[vz])
(注意例外情况：roof--roofs，chief--chiefs，gulf--gulfs．)
(6) 有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es，而是变换其中的字母，
eg．man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen，child--children，
Englishman--Englishmen，Frenchman--Frenchmen，ox--oxen(公牛)
foot--feet， tooth--teeth， mouse--mice，　goose--geese
(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
eg．Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish，people
a sheep--five sheep a deer---five deer
◆不定冠词的基本用法: 不定冠词有a和an两种：
a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。
例如：a boy, a city, a girl, an elephant，a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy。

综合练习题
一、 写出下列名词的复数形式
eggplant _____ lemon _____ peach ______ pea ______
scarf ______ cherry _____ knife _____ man____
foot________ watch______ photo______ day______
foot______ dress_______ tooth_______ sheep______

二、根据短语提示涂色
a yellow coat red and yellow boots a purple eggplant

brown socks an orange pumpkin black trousers

三、单项选择
1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
A. cloth B. water C. flowers
2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
A. boy B. boys C. boies
3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
A. foots B. feet C. feets
4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Janpaneses
5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
A. fish B. book C. horse
6. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch
7. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans
8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths

三、 .填入所给名词的正确形式
1. I have two_____ (knife)
2. There are many _____ here. (box)
3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)
4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)

Unit2
英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下：
一、可数名词有单数、复数之分，如：
map→maps；onion→onions；baker→bakers
不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：
some water；a lot of bread
二、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a （an）；而不可数名词不能用a（an）。如：
Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。
We can't see milk on the table.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。
在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。如：
Pass me the ball，please.请把球传给我。
The chicken on the plate is yours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。
■ Necessity (日用品）
desk
课桌
fork
叉子
spoon
勺子
window
窗户
clock
钟表
mirror
镜子
wall
墙
watch
手表
fridge
冰箱
floor
地板
bed
床
computer
电脑
radio
收音机
cooker
炊具
wardrobe
衣橱
glue
胶水
soap
香皂
plate
盘子
brush
刷子
shampoo
洗发露
dictionary
词典

Practice(练习)：
Write the name of each picture. (看图写词）

Guess(猜谜语)
1. What never asks questions but gets a lot of answers?

2. What is deaf and dumb but always tells the truth?
■ Body (身体）
neck
脖子
knee
膝盖
thumb
大拇指
shoulder
肩膀
nail
指甲
toe
脚趾头
hair
头发
tooth
牙齿
tongue
舌头
waist
腰
elbow
手肘
eyebrow
眉毛
ankle
脚裸
Finger
手指
ear
耳朵
eyelash
眼睫毛

脑袋Head圆又圆, 鼻子Nose站中间, Eye, 眼睛黑又亮, Ear, 耳朵长两边
Mouth, 嘴巴会说话, Face, 小脸白又白, Hand, 小手拍一拍, Arm, 胳膊真结实
Finger, 手指会数数, Foot, 小脚跳一跳, Leg, 小腿踢踢腿, Body, 身体摇一摇

Practice(练习)
一、Fill in the blanks（首字母填空）
1. My mother gets very angry with me when I bite my n .
2. The president will come into the room and shake h with me.
3. I sometimes forget to comb my h in the morning.
4. Since I hurt my leg in the accident, it’s been difficult to bend my k .

二、 Guess(猜一猜)
1、 You have two little windows. You open them in the morning. You close them at night. What's it? ____________
2、Two little brothers live near each other. One lives on one side. The other is on the other. What's it? __________

■ Transport (交通）
ambulance
救护车
truck
卡车
bycicle
自行车
accident
事故
jeep
吉普
ship
轮船
motorbike
摩托车
express
快客列车
train
火车
spaceship
宇宙飞船
yacht
游艇
aeroplane
飞机
helicopter
直升机
van
小货车
subway
地铁
railway
铁路
Conversation(对话)
A: How did you get there?
B: I came By bus.
A: And others?
B: Mary and John came by car.
A: And Bob?
B: He missed the bus, so he had to take a taxi.
Phrase: catch the bus 赶公交 miss the train 错过火车
stand in a line 排队 jump a queue 加个儿（插队）
Notes:
地铁站 railway station
停车场 parking lot
汽车站 bus stop
交通信号灯 traffic lights

Practice(练习)
一、 Matches.(连线)

ship ambulance aeroplane helicopter train

二、Fill in the blanks.(填空)
1、 It is a kind of plane. It is a h______.
2、 The train usually goes under the ground. It is a s_______.
3、 It is a ship. But it can fly. It is a s______.

三、Guess(猜一猜)
1、It has two wheels, and it doesn't need oil. It is more convenient than
Walking. What is it? __________
2、Big bird in the sky, some people in that, fly east, fly west, what's that? __________

综合练习题：

一、用英语写出下列身体部位。

二、Choose the best answer(选择)
1、 When there is an accident, you need a/an _______.
A. subway B. tractor C. ambulance D. motorbike
2、 The speed of ______ is the fastest in the following.
A. tractor B. helicopter C. lorry D. motorbike
3、 _______ can run in the sea.
A. ship B. lorry C. ambulance D. plane
4、 How do you get there? -_______.
A.By a car. B. In train. C. With a helicopter. D. By bike.
5、What has a foot but can’t walk? .
A. A bed B. A window C. A plate D. A brush
6、 can tell us the time.
A. wardrobes B. watches C. fridges D. windows
7、We can type letters with .
A. TVs B. radios C. computers D. fridges
8、We usually use in the western restaurant(西餐厅）
A. fork and spoon B. fork and knife C. chopsticks and spoon

Unit 3
■ Job(职业)
doctor
医生
cleaner
清洁工
nurse
护士
seller
卖方
dentist
牙医
farmer
农民
postman
邮递员
artist
艺术家
policeman
警察
driver
司机
pilot
飞行员
singer
歌唱家
writer
作家
attendant
接待员
housewife
家庭主妇
bussinessman
商人
actor
男演员
actress
女演员
butcher
屠夫；卖肉的
boss
老板
hairdresser
理发师
air hostess
空中小姐

Text(课文)
Robert: I am a new student. My name’s Bobert.
Sophie: Nice to meet you. My name’s Sophie.
Robert: Are you French?
Sophie: Yes, I am.
Robert: Are you a teacher?
Sophie:No, I’m not.
Robert: What’s your job?
Sophie: I’m a keyboard operator.
Notes on the text
1、 What do you do? I’m + job(a banker/ an engineer).
2、 What’s your job? I work in + place or general area(a bank/ a school)
work 通常是不可数名词，因而不能说a work。
如果要用不定冠词a/an，必须说a job。

Practice(练习)
一、Look at the pictures, write down the names.(看图写词)

________ _______ _______ ________ ________

二、Fill in the blanks.(填空)
1、 The p______ delivers(投递) our letters to us.
2、 She doesn’t work outside(外面). She is a h_____.
3、 The f_____ works on the farm.
4、 The p_____ drives a plane.
5、 When you have toothache, you need to see a d_____.

■ Places(地点名词)
factory
工厂
hospital
医院
farm
农场
school
学校
bank
银行
library
图书馆
cinema
电影院
park
公园
kitchen
厨房
garden
花园
restaurant
餐厅
zoo
动物园
post office
邮局
supermarket
超市

● Dialogue（对话）
Mum: Tom, it’s time to get up, or you’ll be late for school.
Tom: Mum, I don’t feel well. I feel cold.
Mum: Let me see. Oh, you’ve fever. You’d better go to the hospital and see the doctor. 请将对话英译汉
Tom: OK. Let’s go!
Practice(练习)
Fill in the blanks(填空)
1、 Farmers work on the ______.
2、 Doctors and nurses work in the _______.
3、 There are many flowers in the ______.
4、 We usually go to ______ to buy things.
5、 We borrow books from the ______.
Translate(汉译英)
去上学___________ 去邮局__________ 生病住院___________
在农场上__________ 在花园里___________

■ Weeks and Months(星期和月份)

●星期 Week
Monday, Monday 星期一
Tuesday, Tuesday 星期二
Wednesday，Wednesday 星期三
Thursday，Thursday 星期四
Friday, Friday 星期五
Saturday，Saturday星期六
Sunday，Sunday星期天

Dialogue（对话）
-What day is it today?
-Maybe Sunday.
-Wow,it’s Sunday today. Why not go fishing?
That’s a good idea.
请将对话英译汉

● Notes:
second ---- 秒 minute----分 hour----小时 day --- 天 week----周 month----月 year----年

●月份 Months
January
一月
July
七月
February
二月
August
八月
March
三月
September
九月
April
四月
October
十月
May
五月
November
十一月
June
六月
December
十二月

●Dialogue(对话)
A: When were you born, Bob?
B:I was born in March.
A: March is a warm month. It’s very nice.
B: You are right.
请将对话英译汉
现在世界各国通用一星期七天的制度。这个制度最早由君士坦丁大帝（Constantine the Great)制定。他在公元321年3月7日正式宣布7天为一周，这个制度一直沿用至今。
这些名称最早起源于古巴比伦（Babylon)。公元前7至6世纪，巴比伦人便有了星期制。他们把一个月分为4周，每周有7天，即一个星期。古巴比伦人建造七星坛祭祀星神。七星坛分7层，每层有一个星神，从上到下依此为日、月、火、水、木、金、土7个神。7神每周各主管一天，因此每天祭祀一个神，每天都以一个神来命名。
12个月由来
公历一年有12个月，但不少人并不知道12个月的英语名称的来历。公历起源于古罗马历法。罗马的英语原来只有10 个月，古罗马皇帝决定增加两个月放在年尾，后来朱里斯*凯撒大帝把这两个月移到年初，成为1月.2月，原来的1月.2月便成了3月.4月，依次类推。这就是今天世界沿用的公历。
★ 注意：
正规的英语中六月，七月，九月的缩写是4个字母，其他月份3个字母。挂历上见到的Jun，Jul, Sep是错误的。

Practice(练习)
一、 Fill in the blanks.(填空)
1、 There are seven days in a _________.
2、 ________ is the first day in a week.
3、 ________ is the last day in a week.
4、 Winter begins in ______. Summer begins in ______.

二、 写出相邻的月份
_______ February _______ _______August_______
_______ November _______ _______ May ________
综合练习题：
一、 Find the different word.(找出与其他不同类的单词)。
（ ）1、A pilot B second C minute D hour
（ ）2、A hairdresser B doctor C elephant D dentist
（ ）3、A Monday B Thursday C Friday D today
（ ）4、A cabbage B tomato C potato D cherry
（ ）5、A suit B scarf C cap D train
（ ）6、A helicopter B ambulance C mirror D truck
（ ）7、A yellow B black C apple D orange
（ ）8、A Wednesday B May C April D November
（ ）9、A farm B bank C factory D cousin
（ ）10、A housewife B fork C postman D singer

二、Choose the best answer(选择题).
1、 How many___ would you like?
A. paper B. bread
C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread
2 Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes B. dress
C. clothing D. trousers
3. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.
A. bamboo B. bamboos
C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos
4. What Darwin said was an attack on people’s religious ___.
A. belief B. beliefs
C. beliefs D. believs
5. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album.
A. leafs B. toys
C. books D. stamps
6. Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought a lot of ___.
A. tomatoes B. potatos
C. vegetable D. meats
7. Both my brother and uncle are ______. They work hard everyday.
A. policemans B. policewomen
C. plicemen D. policewomans

三、 Fill in the blanks.(首字母填空)。
1、 Do you know Thursday comes after W_______?
2、 In the morning,he usually reads for about an h______.
3、We usually don’t go to work on S_______ and Sunday.
4、 I usually have dinner in the r_______.
5、 My father is a f_____. He works on the farm. He works very hard. My mother is a n_____. She works in the hospital. She goes to work from Monday to F______. My brother is a ______. He has a big company(公司).

Unit4
■ Animals(动物)
bear
熊
bee
蜜蜂
goose
鹅
elephant
大象
sheep
绵羊
ant