资源描述
DQL-6型光学测树罗盘仪
OPTICAL COMPASS MODEL DQL-6INSTRUCTION
哈 尔 滨 光 学 仪 器 厂
HARBIN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FACTORY CHINA
一、 用途
DQL-6型光学测树罗盘仪，适用于森林资源调查中的各种测量工作。如距离、高差、方位、水平、坡角等。同时，可以测定和标定树干任意部位的高度和直径，每公顷胸高断面积、立木行率、区分求积、造材求积等。也可用于农田水利、土地规划、地形测绘等一般工程测量。
二、 主要技术参数
望远镜：
放大倍率……………………………………………………………16x
有效孔径……………………………………………………………20mm
视场角……………………………………………………………….2°30’
视距乘常数………………………………………………………….50，100
视距加常数……………………………………………………………0
最短视距………………………………………………………………2m
磁罗盘：
磁针长度……………………………………………………………….67mm
度盘格值………………………………………………………………..1°
竖直盘：
度盘格值………………………………………………………………..1°
游标值………………………………………………………………….6 ’
测高量程……………………………………………………………….±40m
水准器：
圆水准器……………………………………………………………15’/2mm
三、 仪器结构
仪器主要由望远镜组、竖盘组、罗盘组、安平组四部分组成，见图1。望远镜组1为16倍内调焦式，并可在垂直面内作360度回转，它不仅用来瞄准和测距，而且在分划板上没有测径标尺可用来测定树干直径。竖盘组不仅是望远镜的回转轴支架，而且装有与望远镜同步转动的竖直罗盘，盘面上刻有水平距为10m、20m、15m、30m的测高尺2，在水平距30m处可测量±40m高度。盘面下部还刻有角度尺4，可供倾角测量用。为操作方便，备有横轴止动螺旋3和微调螺旋5，可用于精确调整。
罗盘组由磁针10和磁针度盘9组成。主要用于磁方位测量，为保证测量精度，罗盘合上还装有圆形水准器11。
安平机构6是球臼式机构，即可以与三脚架连接，又可以随意调节，可迅速方便将仪器安平。
四、 使用方法
1、 基本操作
1. 仪器安平
将仪器稳固的装置在三脚架上，并使仪器的各可调部位均处中间状态，调整球臼机构使罗盘之园水准器气泡居中。
2. 望远镜调节
首先旋转目镜视度圈，使眼睛清晰的看清分划板十字丝，转动仪器使望远镜粗瞄准器大致瞄准目标或标尺，在调节调轮，使之清晰的看清目标。
2、 方位测量
安平仪器，放开磁针止动螺旋7，望远镜十字丝竖丝瞄准目标，待磁针静止后，即可读取该目标方位。
3、 距离测量
调节望远镜至清晰的看清标尺刻度，读取上、下夹距丝在标尺上所间隔的公分数，乘以常数50，即得出仪器中心到标尺的距离；如读取上、中两丝或中、下两丝在标尺上所间隔的公分数，则乘以常数100，即得出仪器中心到标尺的实际距离。在测量时为了读数方便，可以少量转动微调螺旋5，使之其中一横丝处于标尺上公分整数亦可。
4、 角度测量
仪器安平后，调节望远镜通过分划板横丝瞄准被测目标后，可以在竖直度盘的角度尺上直接读取角度。
5、 高度测量
根据作业和实际需要，可将仪器安置在水平距为10m、15m、20m、30m任意一点，安平仪器后，用望远镜横丝瞄准被测目标，然后可以在竖直度盘所对应的水平距高度尺上读取其高度（见图2 a、b）
a、平地测高时，仰角高度加仪器高度为总高度。
b、坡地测高时，仰角高度加俯角高度为总高。
图
二
6、 上部直径测量
将仪器安置于适当水平距离处（根据作业环境任意选定），仪器安平后通过望远镜用常数100观测被测树木的水平距离在分划板上间隔的公分数，然后再用望远镜横丝瞄准待测高度部位，并读取所对应的仰角a，在调整水平微调螺旋，使望远镜分划板上测径标尺零线对准树干一测，读取树干另一测在测径标尺上的读数d，则树干上部直径D可按下式计算：
计测实例：
图3所示，仪器至树干的水平距离为18m，则在望远镜分划板中读得S=18cm，仪器瞄准待测高度部位时的仰角a=30°30’，树干在分划板测径标尺上。（如图3）
图 三
图 四
树干在分划板上读数为1.2读数值d=1.2（见图4）。则该部位树干直径为
在测量上部直径的同时，亦可在测高尺上读得该部位的高度。
五、 仪器保养及注意事项
1、 仪器出厂前已经过校验，如仪器经过长途运输、碰撞、剧烈震动或长期不曾使用时，在使用时，在使用前应对圆形水准器安平精度进行检查，如有误可通过三个带孔螺钉8进行校正。
2、 仪器使用完毕后，应将磁针锁住以免轴尖磨损。各调整机构应复中间状态，各制动机构应妥善锁紧。
3、 仪器应保存在干燥清洁处，防止各光学件生霉及金属件锈蚀。
4、 使用中望远镜光学零件表面应避免污物触及，仪器经维修或拆装后，必须重新校准后方可使用。
六、 仪器成套性
1、 光学测树罗盘仪………………………………………………………………….1台
2、 皮 合……………………………………………………………………………..1个
3、 三脚架……………………………………………………………………………..1付
4、 校正针……………………………………………………………………………..1支
5、 使用说明书…………………………………………………………………………1份
6、 合格证……………………………………………………………………………….1份
7、 电子计算器（由用户选订的配件套）
L I S T
Use
Technical Data c)measurement of distance
Structure d) measurement of angles
Instructions for use e) measurement of height
a) preparation for measuring f) measurement of diameter
b) azimuthal orientation Notice
Use
Optical Compass Model DQL-6 is applicable to surveys in forestry resources. For example, distance, differential altitude, azimuthal orientation, slope angle, tree’s height or diameter, etc. Besides, it’s suitable for agriculture, hydraulic engineering, geology and general engineering.
Technical Data
Telescope
Magnification 16x
Clear object aperture 20mm
Field of view 2°30
Stadia multiplication constant 50.100
Stadia additive constant 0
Shortest focusing distance 2m
Compass
The division unit of dial 1 °
Vertical dial
The division unit of dial 1 °
Vernier scale 6’
Measuring height range ±40m
Precision of circular bubble 15’/2mm
Weight 1kg
Size 130x100x220(mm)
Structure
Model DQL-6 is made up of telescope, vertical dial, compass and leveling unit.
See Fig1
Fig1
1) telescope
2) backing-up screw for telescope
3) angle’s scale
4) slow motion screw for telescope
5) height dial
6) eye lens
7) adjusting screw with hole
8) backing-up screw for needle
9) leveling unit
10) horizontal dial
11) needle
12) cirular bubble Instructi ons for use
a) Preparation for measuring
First screw the instrument on the tripod, then adjust the leveling unit for keeping the circular bubble in the center. And all the adjustable parts should be kept in the proper position (not in the limit). In measuring, the telescope is the main part for taking aim, first adjust the eye lens till the cross hairs can be seen clearly through the eye lens, then adjust the focusing wheel up to the target can be seen clearly, too. In this case, you can begin your work.
b) Azimuthal orientation
First release the needle by turning the button for needle and make the vertical line on the reticule plate in the same line with the target. Well you can get the reading after keeping the needle still.
c) Measurement of distance
First adjust the telescope till the scale on the rod can be seen clearly. If you get the reading on the rod between the up line and the down line on the reticule plate, the reading must time 50 and this is the distance form instrument to the rod. And if you get the reading on the rod between the middle line and the up line or the domn line, the number must time 100 and this is the distance you wanted. You also can turn the slow motion screw for telescope 4 for getting reading easily.
d) Measurement of angles
First adjust the telescope and make the horizontal line on the reticule plate in the same line with the measured target. Then the angle’s degrees can be read straight off the scales of angle’s scale.
e) Measurement of height
Put the instrument at any point from distance of 10m, 15m, 20m or 30m, then adjust the telescope as in paragraph d) above. Now the height of tree can be got from the height dial.(See Fig 2 a,b)
f) Measurement of diameter
Put the instrument in the proper position that you wanted. First measuring the horizontal distance(s) from instrument to the tree, then measuring the angle of elevation(a). After this turn the slow motion screw 4), as soon as the “zero” hair line concides with one sicle of the tree, you can get the number (d) on the horizontal hair line (d is from “zero” to the other side of the tree). Well you can count the diameter according to the formula.
For example (See Fig3、4) S=18cm a=30°30’ d=1.2 then
Note: At the same time, you can measure the height of the tree’s same part.
a
b
Fig2
Fig3
Fig4
Notice
1. The instrument has been adjusted before leaving factory. Please check the circular bubble before using it. If it’s not in the center, you can adjust again with the three adjusting screws with hole 7)
2. When the instrument doesn’t work, the needle should be fixed and all the adjustable parts should be kept in the proper position.
3. It should be kept in a clean, dry place.
4. You must keep the lens clean. And the instrument must be adjusted again after dismantling.
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