Writing--skills.doc

1.Styles of words
1) kick the bucket/die/pass away死了
2) Old people/the old/the elderly/the senior citizen老人
2.Denotation and connotation
Storm
1) Twenty people were killed when storm struck/hit/attacked the Mid-West.
2) Van Buren had been president for just a few days when an economic crisis and a political storm struck the country.
3) But his last words brought about another storm. 引起另一场暴风雨
4) Government plans for hospital closure provoked a storm of protest.
5) The book provoked a storm of controversy.
6) His novel provoked a storm of hit./his novel took New York by storm.
7) Provoke a storm of...
Snatch
8) A young boy pushed her over and snatched her purse as she fell.
9) I was so busy that I had to snatch a meal between jobs.
10) I managed to snatch an hour’s sleep on the train.
11) Death snatch him at a young age.
12) In order to have a good command of English,one has to snatch every opportunity to practice.

Heavy
A heavy box
Heavy rain
Heavy traffic
Heavy footsteps沉重的脚步
A heavy smoker/chain smoker烟民
The enemy suffered heavy losses敌人损失惨重
Heavy drinking during pregnancy can damage your body酗酒
The curriculum makes heavy demands on the teacher很多要求
The company makes no demand on sex没有要求

Beyond
Be far beyond my means不在我能支付或承受的范围
Its benefits go far beyond this它的好处远不止于此
Beyond recognition认不出来了
Beyond my reach够不着
A brand new car is damaged beyond repair修不好了

3. Lexical Ambiguity词汇模棱两可
l 提高
Raise /increase/improve the efficiency提高效率
Enhance/heighten/sharpen one’s vigilance提高警惕
Increase one’s ability提高能力
Deepen one’s understanding提高认识
Improve the quality提高质量
Raise one’s voice提高声音
Improve one’s professional skill提高业务
Increase the interest rate提高利率

l 开
Open the door开门
Set up a bank account开户
Open a business开张
Drive a car开车
Turn on the light开灯
Have/attend a meeting开会
Perform an operation/undergo an operation开刀
Make a prescription开药方
Issue an invoice开发票
Give sb a ticket开罚单
Tell jokes开玩笑
Broaden one’s horizon/mind/view/outlook开眼界
Work late into night/stay up late开夜车

大
Strong wind/hurricane/tornado/cyclone大风
Heavy rain 大雨
Heavy/thick/dense fog大雾
Sound defeat大败
Powerful/severe/massive earthquake大地震
Extended/nuclear family大家庭、核心家庭
Giant panda大熊猫
Major operation/minor operation大手术
The vast/overwhelming majority. The majority大多数

l 情况
Things have changed情况不同了
In this case/if this is the case如果情况是这样的
It all depends这得视情况而定
Under no circumstance在任何情况下
Is only used in an emergency只有在紧急情况下

l 不
Though he was a failure at school, he was a successful man later.不成功
You have missed the notice on the bulletin board.没注意到
At first, the bank was refused to lend me the money.不借给
She is the last person to do the job.最不能做
The book is beyond me.
The hotel is anything but cheap.一点也不
Detectives are so far at a loss /unable to explain the reason for his death.不能
I tried to find my book,but in vain.没找着
Food in the cafeteria is anything but /far from tasty. Far from satisfactory绝不，一点也不
All men are crested equal, regardless of their race or color.不分种族和肤色
As a student,I’ll work as hard as I can to live up to mu parents’ expectation.不辜负
He failed to live up to do his assignment.
The product is out of stock没货了
The lake is free from /of pollution没有污染
Despite the greatest efforts possible, the two sides failed to reach an agreement on this point.没能达成一致
If you have your own home video set, the possibilities are endless. You can paly football,tennis,golf,basketball and other active sports without stepping out of the living room.足不出户
As expected,the Bulls succeeded in defending its championship.不出所料，公牛队成功卫冕
As a senior student,you are supposed to know better than just to fool around until the examination time.
She was at least free from anxiety when her son returned home.免于担心
Every state,large or small, has the right to decide its own politics.不论大小
I overslept to as late as eight o’clock before I know it.不知不觉
I didn’t even use the refrigerator,let alone the microwave oven.更不用说

4.Collocation
l Types of collocations
1) Adjective+noun
The fast train/fast food/a quick shower/a quick meal快餐
A keen interest很大兴趣
Intense/fierce competition激烈的竞争
stand a good chance of doing sth有很大机会做某事
A wide variety of food种类繁多的饭菜
Timely help/immediately及时的帮助
Raw material/crude oil原材料、原油
Go wild疯狂的，抓狂
Finish/finishing line终点线
His schedule is very full/busy/tight他日程很紧
Earn a decent living有体面的生活
The starting salary起薪
A trivial matter/trifle小事
A acid/big fan of sb超级粉丝
2) Verb +noun
Perform the operation做手术
Cherish the dream追求梦想
Kill time消磨时间
Keep/hold(to)/stick to the belief坚守信念
The seat has been taken/occupied这个座位有人坐
Meet the need满足需求
Unscrew/loosen a bottle of cat sup拧开瓶盖
Strick a balance 取得平衡
Gather dust落灰尘
Hold back tears止住眼泪
To succeed/be successful/achieve success成功
Make a success of doing sth某事做成功

l Prepositional phrase固定短语
In advance没有规定时刻表（家长为孩子提前做好规划）
Ahead of time/schedule有时刻表，相对时刻表提前（三点的会议提前到了俩点）
In a word/in brief/in summary/in conclusion/all in all/in short/to conclude总之
In one’s spare time闲暇时间
At one’s leisure空闲时间，同上
In a good/bad mood/in no mood to do sth有心情、有心情干某事
Feel at ease with sb感觉某人亲切
The board of directors董事会
Be in two mind about sth对某事犹豫不决
For lack of experience/lacking experience缺乏经验
Take immediate action立即采取措施
At the expense of sth以什么为代价
For three straight years连续三年
As usual/as a rule通常
On the/a decrease(rise)减少、增加
With a strong local accent浓重的方言

l Other collocations其它词组
Rain or shine风雨无阻
A year or two/One or two yeas/a~ or two一俩年/一俩个
The rise and fall兴衰沉浮
Supply and demand供给需求
The supply never seems to equal the demand供不应求
Blessing and curse
Safe and sound安然无恙
The house was still/standing absolutely still房子纹丝不动
From time to time/from now and then时不时地
All the arguments for and against the proposal所有赞同和反对的声音
Find oneself in a dilemma进退俩难
Laying waste to everything in its path所到之处，无不破败
As expected不出所料，正如所料
Be caught in heavy rain 碰上大雨
Dress code着装要求，着装规定
5. writing makes a man exact
6. How to enlarge vocabulary
Education
学费/奖学金/助学金tuition/scholarship/grant-in-aid
参考书reference
课外活动extracurricular activities
所学课程courses taken/courses completed
教育程度degree of education
大学毕业生college/university graduate
副教授associate professor
学知识acquire knowledge/learn to know
参加考试do/take an examination
攻读硕士学位proceeded to a master’s degree/ study for a master’s degree.
拓宽知识面broaden knowledge
应试教育/素质教育exam-oriented education/ quality education
必修课/选修课required courses/optional courses
重点大学key university
优等生top student/A student
学习成绩school/academic record
成绩单transcript/report card
毕业论文(graduation) thesis
毕业典礼graduation ceremony
改卷子mark/grade the paper
录取admission
上课/听课attend class
远程教育distance/remote education
寄宿学校boarding school
辍学drop out of school
逃课skip class
补考make-up examination
积累工作经验accumulate work experience
开阔眼界broaden one’s horizon
人际交往能力interpersonal skills
激发兴趣arouse interests
Environment
环境保护environmental conservation /environment protection
环境恶化environmental degradation
破坏美丽的自然景色spoil the natural beauty of the landscape
汽车尾气automobile/vehicle exhaust (fume)
除污设备pollution control devices
采取严厉的措施take a drastic measure
控制污染pollution control
全球变暖global warming
温室效应greenhouse effect
二氧化碳排放量carbon dioxide emissions
海啸/飓风/沙尘暴tsunami/hurricane/typhoon/sandstorm
濒临灭绝be endangered/be dying out/be on the verge of extinction
濒危物种endangered species
生态系统ecosystem
提高人们的环保意识strengthen the awareness of environmental conservation.
以环境为代价at the expense of environment
可持续发展sustainable development
臭氧层破坏ozone depletion
酸雨acid rain
单位国内生产总值能耗
森林覆盖率forest coverage rate
能源短缺energy shortage/deficiency
预防措施preventive/prevention measures
环境友好型社会environment-friendly society
砍伐树木cutting down trees
自然保护区natural reserves
对健康构成威胁threaten the heath
7. Useful expressions
Accumulate woke experience积累经验
Is not necessarily不一定
Read English novels in the original读英文原版小说
Live on a near-starved diet.食不果腹
Run for Chairman of the Student’s Union.竞选学生会主席
In the effected area./in the earthquake-hit area.灾区
Be held as schedule/planned如期举行
Be different from what I had expected/imaged跟我想的不一样
As he becomes older/with the advance of old age.年事已高
Create miracles one after another. 创造一个又一个奇迹
From one reason to another.一个又一个理由
Daily necessities/daily goods.日常用品
Spring Festival is a holiday for family reunion.春节是亲人团聚的节日
Return empty-handed/end up with a novel.空手而归
He is a self-made millionaire.他白手起家
Night had fallen.夜幕降临
Based on a novel/adapted from a novel.改编自一部小说
Are dying out/are on the verge of extinction/are endangered濒临灭绝
In ancient/modern times在古代、在现代
A /top student优等生
When it comes to说道，谈到...
Change/switch from one channel to another不停的换台
Change from one ... to another从什么到什么，不停地做什么
As time goes by/passes随着时间的流逝
With time going by
With the passage of time
Rule out the possibility不能预测它的可能性
End up with sth/end up with a book结果...
End up in sw/end up in court最后在法庭上见
End up doing sth/end up taking a taxi
End in failure/divorce以失败告终
At the cost of sacrificing other species以牺牲其他物种为代价
Not let sb down不要让某人失望
You can not praise him enough你再怎么表扬他都不为过
Be faced with面临
Pressing/urgent tough problem棘手的问题
Water shortage水资源短缺
If I had to make a choice/if I were(left) to make a choice如果让我选择的话
We put our heads together集思广益、齐头并进
Two heads are better than one三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮
Since its founding some 80 years ago创建80年以来
Since its founding in 1959自1959年建立以来
It is known to all that.../as is know to all,...众所周知
Have the advantage of doing...优点是...
Sth give sb an advantage over others在某方面占优势
It is a chance in a lifetime千载难逢的机会
Be exposed to the sun太阳下暴晒
Be exposed to scientific literature接触科技文献
Be exposed to pornography and violence接触色情暴力内容

改错：
1． After enjoying two days’ heavenly life, I hoped my mother do some shopping and housework to get prepared for the festival.
2． I felt very angry when the assistant refused to issue an invoice for the DC.
3． On weekends we often watch movies to relax/to get relaxed
4． It was the second time I had taken the College Entrance Examination.
5． I wiped my tears and smiled at the pupils.
6． On seeing the majors Xidian offered, I hesitated because I was not good at science.
7． Xidian offers 60 undergraduate majors.
8． The number of students admitted to our university this year exceeded 5000.
9． Due to the high tuition fees, the ordinary family cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.
10． I recently read a report in the newspaper, saying that more than half students rely on extra tuition to enhance/improve their grade.
11． A number of studies have found an association between moderate drinking and a relatively lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
12． Letter-writing has been a traditional means of communication for thousands of years.
13． By With the teacher’s guide/ under the guidance of the teacher, we can study more efficiently.
14． LiSuli, a ticket seller bus conductor，is famous for her work ethics and good qualities.
15． The breakdown of his marriage surely gave him a big/heavy/huge/terrible hit blow at that time.
16． The first thing I do every day is open turn on my computer and look check my email online.
17． On the top of the City Wall, you can have a whole good view of the city.
18． On the Eve day of the New Year New Year’s Eve,we cook a table of food that are tasty a lot of tasty food.
19． Facing thousands of audience people/spectators (an audience of 2000)in the hall, there was a nerve in my heart. I felt very nervous.
20． Attracted by its ancient culture, we decided to visit some travel spot places of interest in Xi’an.
Scenic spot美丽的风景/tourist attraction/traveling destination/
places of interest大景点(historical)
21． As the huge number of population, Due to the large population, the Chinese government applied enforced/carried out/implemented the family planning policy thirty years ago.
22． Some students are behind of lag behind of/can’t catch up with their classmates because they are interested in are addicted to computer games.
23． The troublesome noise, combined with the smell of petrol made me sick. Suddenly a man in a black jacket appealed to me.attracted my attention.
24． The most thing I can not bear The most intolerable thing/what I can not bear most is that there is no playground. /There is no playground is the last straw.
25． Sports can enrich college life and benefit students both in body and brain. physically and mentally.
26． Nothing in the world is still but changes is unchanged/remains. /Everything in the world undergoes constant change and development.
27． Many factories have set up in my hometown, but most of them are not built up equipped with device that can control pollution.pollution control devices.
28． As a saying goes, “Every coin has two sides,” and the automobile is so the same is true of the automobile/ the automobile is no exception.
29． If it had not been for his mother who moved three times to provide him with a good environment , old Chinese philosopher Meng Zi Mencius, a great philosophy in ancient China would be nobody in history.
30． Japanese cartoon have a wide subjects, related to daily life, scientific fantasy and others. ranging from daily life to scientific fantasy.
31． In 2008 an earthquake happened to struck/attack/hit China, which caused billions of dollars worth of damage.
32． With the higher and higher pace of modern time, As the pace of life grows faster/quickens in modern society,/ With the pace of life growing faster/ quickening, people seem to have forgotten their heath.
33． I have come to love the school. Because , because it is a good place to study.
34． Pets can help us in many ways, for . For example, a dog can defend a house, and a cat can catch mice, and so on.
35． After graduation the school assigned him he was assigned to teach English at a middle school in the countryside.
36． It was the first time I went fishing have gone fishing.
37． She believes in Christianity, but she doubts wether he the God exists.
38. For student, As a student, physical exercise should be a necessary part of shool life.
39. Email is a new popular means of communication as well as while letter-writing, a traditional important one. is a traditional but important one.
38． When we/you are tired, playing with pets may be a good choice to get relaxed relax.
39． We can go anywhere , using a very little time, now, comparing with the past time, using such long time. within a very short time, which was impossible in the past./ within far less time than we did in the past./ Unlike in the past, we can go anywhere within a very short time.
40． His novel is written in such easy English that even a little child can understand.
41． China has was confronted with many serious problems. Such , such as tight housing, heavy traffic, food shortage, unemployment, and etc. （such as /for example一般不与and so o