常用语中英对照.pdf

谢谢Thanks谢谢各位Thanks everyone 观众朋友大家好Hello our audience欢迎您收看我们栏目Welcome to tune in to our program每年九月都是大学新生入校的时间Every September is the time for new college students 对于刚从高中毕业For those high school students要进入大学学习的学生来说who are going to enter college都要度过一个适应期They all are in for a period of adaptation and adjustment 而时间管理nd how to manage time in college是其中一个非常重要的方面Is one of the major aspects for their new life因为在高中之前Because they go to college他们的时间Almost all their time is几乎所有都由学校或者家长支配Controlled by their schools and parents而到了大学以后Once they go to college有相当一部分时间需要自己来安排They will learn to arrange their own time by themselves 所以本期节目我们特地邀请了So for today s program美国卡尔顿大学We have invited Prof.Qiguang Zhao亚洲语言文学系主任赵启光教授Of Asian Languages Department Carleton College和八位刚刚步入大学的同学And eight new college students一起来讨论如何管理时间To discuss how to manage time on campus我们相信看完这个讨论之后呢We believe after watching this program受益的不仅仅只是大学新生Not only college students may benefit from it而应该是一切珍惜生命So will be those who treasure life并且愿意有所作为的人士And those who strive for something in their life今天我们的演播室In our studio today来了很多的大学生和社会各界人士We have many college students and people from all walk of life 欢迎大家Welcome you all我们有请赵启光教授有请Now lets start with Prof.Zhao Please赵教授 能不能以今天管理时间为题Can you make a brief introduction给大家做一个简单的开场白On the topic of time management时间是什么What is time鲁迅说时间是生命As Famous Chinese author Shun Lu said time is life富兰克林说时间是金钱Franklin said that time is money对于军人来说时间就是胜利And for a solider time is victory1851年 拿破仑率领的大军In 1851 Napoleons army and和欧洲各国的反法联军Troops of Europe，s anti-Napoleon alliance在比利时的滑铁卢会战Were battling in Waterloo双方处于胶着状态The two sides were in a draw谁的援军早到Whoever，s reinforcement came up first就可能扭转战争的形势That would turn the table战役发生之前Before the battle started拿破仑派遣他的精锐部队Napoleon sent his crack troop由格鲁希元帅率领Commanded by Marshal Grouchy去迎击远道而来的普鲁士军队To meet the Prussian troops head-on接触以后取得了小的胜利After a brief engagement Napoleons troop won the small battle 这时候普鲁士军队就消失了Then the Prussian troops disappeared格鲁希就在原地待命While Grouchy was digging in正在他等待命令的时候Waiting for new order地下发生了震动The ground underneath him started trembling远处传来了隆隆的炮声And the sound of cannon fires could be heard now这是拿破仑的主力That signaled that the main forces of Napoleon已经和反法联军在滑铁卢会战Were now engaged in the fight with the anti-Napoleons forces 这时候格鲁希的部下At that time some junior officers of Grouchy请求格鲁希立刻火速增援拿破仑Asked to rush to reinforce Napoleon at Waterloo只要三个小时It only would take three hours格鲁希的军队就可以赶到会战地点For Grouchy，s troop to get to Waterloo而这支援军的到达And if this force got there in time就可以扭转战争的形势It would help turn things around可是谁能想到But who would think法国的命运在这个时候The fate of France was now held in却落在一个平庸之辈手中The hands of a mediocre French marshal格鲁希可能是一个好的元帅Well Grouchy may be a good marshal否则他就不能升到元帅的地位Otherwise he would not be a marshal as he was但是在时间的面前But in terms of time他是一个平庸的统帅He is a very mediocre marshal因为他不懂得紧急重要的情况Because he could not make a distinction between 和不紧急不重要的情况的区别What is urgent and what is not他手里拿着拿破仑命令他The order he had in his hand from Napoleon追击普鲁士军队的命令Was to pursue the Prussian troops而没有调遣军队火速增援主力的任务But not to reinforce the main forces of France 格鲁希犹豫了三分钟He hesitated for a few minutes决定在原地待命And then decided to stay on只经过短短的三个小时But only after three hours fight法军兵败如山倒French troops collapsed拿破仑反复地问Napoleon was again and again asking格鲁希在哪儿Where Grouchy was格鲁希没有出现However Grouchy never showed up而被格鲁希追击的普鲁士军队While the Prussian troop pursued by Grouchy却出现在地平线上Now appeared on the horizon强大的反法联军The powerful anti-French allied forces压倒了拿破仑的军队Overwhelmed Napoleon，s troops这三小时决定了欧洲的命运Those three hours decided the fate of Europe 决定了法国的命运It decided the fate of France决定了拿破仑的命运And so did it the fate of Napoleon也决定了格鲁希本人的命运Which also decided the fate of Grouchy himself格鲁希是一个优秀的统帅Grouchy is a good marshal但是他是一个平庸的时间的计划者But he is not a very good solider of timing 我们每一个人都是人生战场上的士兵All of us are the soldiers on the battlefield of life 同时我们每一个人At the same time all of us都是人生战场上的统帅Are the marshals of our own life我们每个人都统帅着一支大军All of us are commanding a major force这支大军就是And this force is我们的天日星期小时分秒Made up of every day every week every hour every minute etc 你是否能够很好的计划时间Whether you can plan your time well是否能够很好地调遣你的部队Whether you can be a good marshal of your troop决定你人生的成败Will decide the future of your life所以说我们每一个人都是统帅So in that sense we are all marshals都是自己时间的统帅Marshals of our own time在今天的讨论之前Before we go further today with our discussion 我先给赵老师介绍一下Let me first introduce to Professor Zhao参与讨论的四组同学The four groups of students in the discussionA组的同学是张思迪和苏骋Group A is made up of student Si Zhang and ShuB组的同学是赵一苇和高健哲Group B Yiwei Zhao and Jianzhe GaoC组的同学是管紫轩和徐培新Group C Zixuan Guan and Peixin XuD组的同学在四川成都Group D is made up of students from Chengdu他们通过网真Who will join us连线参加我们的节目Through Cisco,s Telepresent system他们是刘原君和冯洁坤They are Yuanjun Liu and Jiesheng Feng今天讨论时间管理The topic of time management是一个非常抽象的话题Is a very abstract concept我们用一个案例来作为讨论的前提We will first give you a case study for our discussion大家看一下大屏幕Lets take a look at the big screen为啥时间总是不够用Why Does There Never Seems to be Enough Time小王同学刚进大学The moment Student Xiao Wang got into college便被大学丰富的校园生活彻底迷住了She was attracted to the rich campus life there她一口气加入了三个社团和两个协会In one breath she joined three student groups and two societies小王的日程安排Her schedule every day was always fully occupied从每天早上一睁眼到晚上睡觉前都是满的From the time she woke up to the time she went to bed有时甚至连吃饭的时间都没有Sometimes she did not even have time for food因为在她看来To her all the things she was supposed to were equally important所有的事情都一样的重要一样的紧急Equally urgent刚开始 这种忙碌让小王很充实In the beginning she felt that her life was interesting and time well spent 但是不久就有了问题But pretty soon problems showed up由于疲于奔命地Because she scrambled every day to try to deal with完成各种任务All the activities and her study有些工作和计划只能一拖再拖Some of the task and her plan had to be delayed again and again小王也被同学误会说Sometimes her classmates would mistake that as her工作效率低下Lack of ability to do things effectively小王很困惑She was also at loss为什么每天这么努力Why did there never seem to be enough time for her 但时间却总是不够用Even if she tried very hard every day案例一为啥时间总是不够用Case#1 why there never seems to be enough time来进行你们的一个解决方案陈述有请Can you present a solution for that problem Please实际上一个人的精力和她的时间In fact a man，s time and energy是非常有限的Are very limited如果说她一次性承担了过多的任务If he or she has taken on too many things at the same time 那么很明显的她将一直疲于奔命That will of course make him scrambling around for time 第一点是她必须要对自己的那个计划The first point is he or she must have a general mastery of 有一个总体的把握What he is going to do她有必要将这些事情It is necessary for him由最重要的事情到最次要的事情Make a priority list of what is most important进行一个排序And what is less important这不禁让我想到了This makes me think of我们在考试中The 2/8 principle that老师给我们讲的二八法则Our teacher recommended to us for managing exam time我觉得应用在时间管理上就是I think when we apply that to time management她要学会将大块的时间That means he or she will learn to use chunk of his time将自己精力最集中的那个部分And to employ the best of one，s mind去解决最必要的事情Solve the most urgent thing facing him第二点呢她需要能够提前预知Second point is he，d better have the good sense在实际操作中To know in advance and in operation会出现的一些突发情况What the unexpected may pop up因为如果没有弹性时间的存在That is because if you don t have the flexibility of time 一旦遇到突发情况If and when you run into and not prepared for contingency 他就会疲于应付You will be scrambling just tread water这样一来她既定的计划就会受到影响If so his plan will be affected谢谢Thanks我想对刘原君所说的I want to comment on预留一点弹性时间What Yuanjun Liu said about做一点补充Reserving some flexible time一个是必须有针对性的This flexible time has to be targeted and focused我们不能够以有了弹性时间为由So that one will not find himself excusing himself 就存在做二次的心理For having the time to do it over again我们要一次到位You have to strive for getting it done once第二个就是Second point is我们要合适的 尽多不尽少的We have to prepare for the worst因为计划是赶不上变化的Why Your plan usually cannot keep up with the pace of change 我们不能低估了We cannot afford to underestimate时局变化的一个概率The probability of unexpected change of situation第三个像培根说的一句格言就是And third just as Bacon once said合理统筹规划时间Properly plan and use one，s time就等于节约时间本身Is equal to saving time itself Thanks谢谢Thanks好的谢谢Great Thanks好有请Now next刚才那位男同学所说的二八法则Since that male student mentioned 2/8 principle那么我们要用百分之八十的精力That is to say we need to use 80%of our energy to去做那些百分之二十的很重要的事情20%of things in life that actually is our priority那么在这百分之八十的时间里头Then for this 80%of time我们也应该讲究一个We also need to figure out时间优化的一个哲学A philosophy of prioritizing time有一些科目它是属于一种For some subject matters they belong to我们所谓的文科性的思维What we call approach of social science and humanities/7 有一些科目它是那种比较理性的思维While others are more science and abstractly oriented 那么你的大脑So it will take your brain在切换这不同的科目中While switching from one subject area to another 必然会有一些所谓进入状态的时间Some time to get into its proper function如果我们把一些属于文科性的If we put those humanities-oriented tasks属于很艺术性的那些我们要做的任务Those arts-oriented tasks放在前后做放在一起做Together with the science/rational tasks我们就可以省去很多We will save lot of time因为大脑进入状态缓慢Waiting for the brain to get ready而浪费掉的时间And thus waste time我建议她将休息方式具有多样性I suggest he diversify the ways of taking break between tasks 比如说听音乐Such as listening to music比如说上网冲浪Or like doing some Internet surfing当生活丰富多彩的时候When you have a colorful life她将会更有精力更有乐趣You tend to have more energy and fun去面对她所将要面对的任务和工作When you face or do your task or work好的赵一苇Great How about Yiwei Zhao我认为小王在这个案例中I think Xiao Wang has made犯的一个主要的错误A major mistake in his presentation就是没有明确自己想要的是什么That is he does not know what he really wants比如说她追求的For example it is not clear whether是一个很好看的成绩单Hr is after a good semester academic report还是说非常丰富的课外活动Or a rich after-school activities如果明确了这个问题If you know what you really want她就不会每天都有很多的事要做Then you will not find yourself in too many engagements 而且自己也十分努力You will not be in a situation where you try但还是什么事都做不完Very hard but just could not get enough time to finish things我觉得小王还犯了一个毛病I feel Xiao Wang，s presentation has another shortcoming就是她没有从自身考虑That is he did not tailor it to his own situation没有量力而为He took on tasks beyond his means and time availability 因为她报了三个社团和两个协会Because he joined three groups and two societies on campus 更何况大学来说重点还是学习College is primarily for us to engage in academic study 而并不是说是参加课外活动And not primarily for all these extra-curriculum activities 要量力而为You have to know your limits好的我们交给赵老师Now lets turn to Professor Zhao时间不够用怎么解决小王的问题There is simply not enough time with Xiao Wang赵老师您请How do you help solve his problem Your turn大家知道As you all know现在有一个非常有名的10000小时定律Now there is a new law of 10,000 hours美国一个作家叫格拉德威尔American author Gladwell说过要做成一件事情Said that if you want to do one thing well要学会一个技巧要10000小时You will have to spend on average 10,000 hours on a subject 比如说比尔盖茨学会计算机Take Bill Gates for example他在上中学的时候就花了 10000小时He spent more than 10,000 hours on computer even in high school 现在的问题是The question now is这10000小时从哪里来Where will this 10,000 hours come from那这就是老子的Well Lao Tzu s idea of“无为无不为”思想Spontaneous behavior(wu-wei)or action through inaction就可以对我们有所帮助Could give us some help老子说为者败之执者失之Lao Tzu said those who strive will fail who cling will lose无为故无败无执故无失No action then no failure no obsession then no loss就是说你总要有一些事情不去做它It says there are certain things youd better leave them alone 这件事不做了不想了不说了Only when you stop doing thinking of or saying something其他的事情才可以做 可以说 可以想Then can you can start doing saying or thinking of other things 这是无为第一点That is wu-wei or no action That is my first point第二呢你要无不为Second action through inaction我们做事情When it comes to do things可以从轻重缓急顺序来做一个事情We should have a priority list and order这个轻重缓急This priority list在时间管理上When applied to time management我们可以叫做时间的四象限We can call it the four coordinates of time有重要而紧急的事情There are things that are important and urgent重要而不紧急的事情There are also things that are important but not urgent第三种是不重要但是很紧急的事情And the third kind there are things that are not important but urgent 第四种 是不重要也不紧急的事情And fourth there are things that are neither important nor urgent 刚才有同学说过Just now some student mentioned要明确自己的生活目标One had to have a clear goal in life如果这件事跟你的目标直接相关If something has a lot to do with your goal in life那就是重要的Then that is important thing有些事情是紧急的Something is very urgent有些事情是不紧急的While other things are not that urgent格鲁希元帅火速援救拿破仑的问题Marshal Grouchy，s giving Napoleon a hand他急行军的速度赶到滑铁卢战场His supposedly rush to the help of Napoleon对于他说就是重要而紧急的For him this should be both important and urgent这是格鲁希元帅However that is not what he did我们在生活中也有很多这种In our life there are many such既重要又紧急的事情Matters which are both important and urgent比如说参加高考For example taking college entrance exam但是重要而不紧急的事情As for those important but not-urgent things就决定你是一个什么人It all depends on what you are刚才有些同学说到Just now some students talked about应该看书锻炼身体追求美好Reading books keeping fit and seeking good things in life 这些事情非常重要All these things are important锻炼身体变得非常强壮Keeping fit makes one healthy这很重要对吧但是并不很紧急Which is very important But it is not urgent正因为它不是立刻做的Because it is not urgent我们经常忽视它We often ignore it不重要而紧急的事情也很多There are also many things that are not important but urgent 其实我们每天Some people say that有人说我一天到晚穷于应付Everyday we are just scrambling to keep up小王就是一天到晚穷于应付Xiao Wang definitely belongs to that category那就是我们经常陷入在事务之中That is we often find ourselves in mundane affairs比如说你正在参加我们节目的录像For example you are in studio doing US program你的朋友来电话你需要接Your friend is calling you which you should pick up 这件事情很紧急This is an urgent matter但是你什么时候跟别人谈跟他谈However what time you talk to him over the phone 并不太重要By itself is not important第四点就是不重要而又不紧急的事情Fourth things that are neither important nor urgent 很多举个例子There are many such examples For example 现在我听说I heard that nowadays有很多人玩一种网上的社交游戏There are many people playing a social network game online 叫做偷菜Which is called stealing vegetables77 我看看谁玩偷菜Let me see who among you play that game王利芬博士您可能不知道Doctor Wang you may not know it 这么多人玩偷菜But so many people are playing it 我知道 I know 知道You know就是坐在计算机前头It is like this you sit in front of your computer 你种上很好的菜You plant your vegetables 你的朋友也好来偷你的菜 And your friends will try to steal them from you 你就要保证他不偷你的菜对吧You will do everything to stop them from succeeding in it 但是呢他可能半夜三点来偷你的菜However your friends may come at 3 am 所以你就在这儿盯着So you have to sit there monitoring your verge garden 重要吗Is that important你认为它紧急实际上也不紧急Well you may think it is urgent but in fact it is not 结果你在那儿坐了一夜In the end you have sit there for a whole night 绝对不让他偷你的菜And your garden is absolutely safe now这件事情会耽误你很多事情But this game will make you delayed in many other things 而很多人把这两件事情混淆了Many people have confused the two things格鲁希元帅在原地待命Marshal Grouchy was staying there waiting for order是不重要的That was not important是否他遵循Whether or not he followed拿破仑叫他追击敌人的命令Napoleon，s order to pursue the enemy troop无所谓Was not that important另外也没有人要求Besides there was no order for him他和逃跑的普鲁士军队交战To continue engaging the Prussian troops而他认为原地待命是重要而紧急的It was important and urgent to stay where he was 所以呢 这只不过是一个例子So that was just one example我们每个人一天都有二十四小时All of us have 24 hours a day每小时有六十分There are sixty minutes in an hou