浅议金属结构工程混凝土配合比的和易性调整.doc

浅议金属结构工程混凝土配合比的和易性调整
为便于制作质量的控制，钢闸门采用厂内生产、整体或分片运输、现场安装的方法，制作材料必需有厂家的质保单，使用前随机抽取一组试样进行检验，确保材料质量。为控制焊接变形，除在平台上制作靠模，安装墙时支撑外，还需按工艺制定的次序进行焊接。整体焊接完成后的门叶应用水平仪进行检测。闸门外形尺寸允许偏差和安装的允许偏差参照有关规定执行。 水利工程中，水闸的施工是常见并且重要的。如果施工管理不到位、不科学，经常会给工程带来较大的安全隐患。本文通过施工前的准备、施工时土方工程、混凝土工程以及金属结构等工程、施工后等几个阶段的施工管理控制分析，可以使水闸工程施工的质量得到有效控制。
For ease of manufacture quality control of steel gate used whole or sharding transportation, factory production, site installation method, production material must have a manufacturer's quality policy, before using a random sample of a set of sample to test, to ensure the quality of material. To control the welding deformation, in addition to on the platform made by mold, installing a wall support, also need to according to the welding process of the order. Overall welding after the completion of the door leaf testing application level. To allow the gate dimension deviation and allowed installation deviation according to relevant provisions. Construction of water conservancy project, the lock is common and important. If construction management does not reach the designated position, not science, often bring great security hidden danger to engineering. In this article, through the preparation before construction, construction of earthwork engineering, concrete engineering and metal structure engineering, construction, after several stages of construction management control analysis, can make the sluice project to effectively control the construction quality.
　　二、施工前的管理
Second, before the construction management
　　工程开工前，对施工企业提交的技术方案、技术措施、质量保证体系以及管理制度等工作严密审核，特别是对企业投入工程技术人员的数量和素质提出具体要求；其次要抓好设计图纸会审，了解施工中的技术质量指标及需要注意的问题，对不利于施工管理的地方及时提出进行商讨，做到未雨绸缪；对施工中存在难度的地方提前做好准备。
Engineering before construction, the technical proposal submitted by the construction enterprises, technical measures, quality assurance system and management system closely, especially for the quantity and quality of engineering and technical personnel in enterprises put forward specific requirements; Next came to pay special attention to the design drawings, understand the construction of the technical indicators and the problems need to pay attention to quality, in areas not conducive to the construction management is put forward in time to discuss, do it for a rainy day; The difficulty in the construction place to prepare ahead of time.
　　另外，工程施工前，首先要成立闸门施工管理小组，并制定详细的生产管理制度，在施工中起监督指挥和协调作用。内部机构可根据工程特点设定，一般包括施工组、技术组、物资组、机电组、检测组。技术组负责工程质量监督验收工作，以及施工过程中的混凝土配比选择、混凝土、试块试压等技术工作，同时负责编制水闸作业规程及有关资料的收集、归档管理工作；检测组负责闸门施工检测及水闸门的安装线的放线工作，保证施工与设计尺寸相符；物资组负责保质保量供应所有闸门施工材料；施工组为专业的水闸施工队伍，在技术组和检测组的技术指导下，负责完成开挖、浇筑混凝土等工程，并做好施工中的原始资料记录；机电组负责闸门门体的吊装和最后的试压工作。
Before also, engineering construction, first of all, to set up gate construction management team, and formulate detailed production management system, command, supervision and coordination role in the construction. Internal mechanism can be set according to the engineering characteristics. Generally includes construction group, technology, materials, mechanical and electrical group, test group. Technology group is responsible for project quality supervision and inspection work, and the construction process, choice of concrete proportion in concrete, block pressure testing technology such as work, and at the same time is responsible for the preparation of sluice operation procedures and relevant materials collection, file management work; Inspection group is responsible for the gate construction and installation of water gate line pay-off work, guarantee the construction accords with the design size; Goods and materials supply with good quality group responsible for all the gate construction materials; Construction group is a professional lock construction team, under the technical instruction of technical group and testing group, responsible for the complete excavation, concrete engineering, and construction of the original data record; Electrical and mechanical group shall be responsible for the valve body assembly and final test.
　　三、施工的管理
Three, the construction management
　　百年大计，质量第一，施工过程中要严把质量关，层层控制质量：把好测量关、控制各种材料的材质和强度、控制配料计量、控制施工工艺、做好质检工作同时加强对土方工程的开挖部位、混凝土工程、金属结构工程等重点施工部位的管理工作。
One hundred plans, the quality first, the construction process must strictly the quality pass, layers of quality control: locked well measurement, control all kinds of material and the strength of the material, control of ingredients measurement, control, construction technology, completes the quality inspection work at the same time strengthen the excavation of earthwork parts, metal structure engineering, concrete engineering construction site management work.
　　（一）开挖工程
(a) excavation engineering
　　水闸工程，往往断面较大，长度也较长，因此土石方开挖阶段是水闸施工的重要时期，开挖的质量关系到水闸的质量和投入。开挖断面过大，细石混凝土泵需要的混凝土也越多，开挖断面小不能保证水闸的强度。因此开挖过程中必须严格按照中腰线施工，使开挖与设计相符。开挖工程结束后必须对开挖工程按设计图纸进行检查验收。
Sluice project, often cross section is larger, the length is longer, so t excavation stage is an important period of sluice construction, excavation is related to the quality of the locks and the quality of the inputs. Excavation section is too big, need the more concrete it is, small excavation section does not guarantee the strength of the lock. So in the process of excavation, it must be in strict accordance with the waist line in the construction, the excavation and design. After the excavation engineering excavation engineering must be in accordance with the design drawings to check acceptance.
　　（二）混凝土工程
(2) concrete engineering
　　1、原材料的质量控制
1, the quality control of raw materials
　　原材料的质量及其波动，对混凝土质量及施工工艺有很大影响。在混凝土生产过程中，通风除尘设备对原材料的质量控制．除经常性的检测外，还要求质量控制人员随时掌握其含量的变化规律，并拟定相应的对策措施。
The quality of raw materials and its volatility, has a great influence on the concrete quality and construction craft. In the process of concrete production, the quality control of raw materials. In addition to the regular inspection, quality control personnel are also required to keep track of its content, and proposed the corresponding countermeasures.
　　2、科学配制混凝土是保证质量的先决条件
2, scientific preparation concrete is prerequisite to ensure the quality
　　（1）混凝土施工配合比的换算
(1) the conversion of mix proportion of concrete construction
　　试验室所确定的配合比．其各级骨料不含有超粒径颗粒．且以饱和面干状态。但施工时，各级骨料中常含有一定量超粒径颗粒，而且其乳化液泵站含水量常超过饱和面干状态。因此应根据实测骨料超粒径含量及砂石表面含水率，将试验室配合比换算为施工配合比。
Laboratory of mixture ratio. The aggregate does not contain super size particles at all levels. And in saturated surface dry state. But the construction, aggregate at all levels often contains a certain amount in excess of the particle size of particles, and its water content is often more than saturated surface dry state. So should according to the actual aggregate content and particle size sand surface moisture content, the laboratory scale for the construction mixture ratio.
（2）混凝土施工配合比的调整
(2) the adjustment of the mix proportion of concrete construction
　　试验室所确定的混凝土配合比，其和易性不一定能与实际施工条件完全适合。当施工设备、运输方法或运输距离，施工气候等条件发生变化时，对旋局部通风机所要求的混凝土坍落度也随之改变。为保证混凝土和易性符合施工要求，需将混凝土含水率及用水量做适当调整。
Laboratory of concrete mixture ratio, its workability is not necessarily can completely with actual construction condition and suitable. When construction equipment, transportation methods, or transportation distance, construction condition such as climate change, the required concrete slump has also changed. In order to ensure the concrete workability conform to the requirements of the construction, the moisture content of concrete and the water must be to do appropriate adjustments.
　　（3）混凝土配合比，需满足工程技术性能及施工工艺的要求，才能保证混凝土顺利施工及达到工程要求的强度等性能。为改善混凝土性能，提高混凝土强度，达到工程各部位对混凝土各种性能的要求，在混凝土中掺入不同类型的外加剂，快速升柱器可以改善混凝土性能的科学配制，其技术、经济综合效益十分显著。
(3) the concrete mixture ratio, need to meet the requirements of engineering technical performance and construction technology, to ensure smooth construction and meet the engineering requirements of concrete strength, etc. To improve concrete performance, improve the strength of concrete, to each part of the project's request, on concrete mixed with different type of additive in concrete, can improve the performance of concrete science compound, its technology, the comprehensive economic benefit is significant.
　　3、混凝土试件合格，结构物混凝土不一定全部合格
3, concrete specimen qualified, structure of concrete is not necessarily completely qualified
　　混凝土的质量是依靠混凝土试件的强度来评定，并代表结构物混凝土的强度，这是认为在正常施工情况下，实际工程结构物混凝土强度可以表现出混凝土试件强度特性。但应当指出，当结构物混凝土浇筑成型不够密实，或有缺陷时，试件强度的代表性就要随着降低，因为试件体形很小，容易浇筑成型和养护振实。混凝土输送泵结构物的混凝土质量只依靠试件强度保证是不够的，还必需对结构物的混凝土施工全过程进行妥善控制，对关键部位的结构物，有必要进行钻芯取样检查试验，以确保混凝土结构物的质量。
Concrete quality is depend on the strength of the concrete specimen to assess, and represents the strength of the concrete structure, it is believe that in the normal construction conditions, actual engineering structure concrete strength can show the concrete specimen strength characteristics. But it should be pointed out that when the structure concrete pouring forming dense enough, or has a defect, the strength of the specimens representative will be with lower, because the specimen size is small, easy casting molding and curing vibrated. Of concrete structure is not enough to only rely on the strength of specimen to ensure quality, also necessary to properly control the structure of the whole process of concrete construction, the key parts of a structure, there is a need for more check test, to ensure the quality of concrete structures.
　　4、和易性是决定混凝土质量的主要因素
4, workability is a major factor in determining the quality of concrete
　　和易性是混凝土拌和物的流动性，粘聚性，保水性等多种性能的综合表述。当混凝土拌和和易性不良时，则混凝土可能振捣不实或发生离析现象，产生质量缺陷。混凝土的和易性良好，混凝土易振实，且不发生离析，能够获得均质密实良好的混凝土浇筑质量。
Workability is concrete mixing liquid, adhesiveness and water retention, and other performance comprehensively. When poor mixing concrete workability, concrete vibrating false or segregation phenomenon takes place, the produce quality defects. Yi Zhen solid concrete workability is good, concrete, and segregation does not occur, can obtain homogeneous dense concrete pouring quality of good.
　　5、混凝土浇筑振捣过程是混凝土质量控制的主要环节
5, concrete pouring process of vibrating concrete quality control is the main link
　　混凝土配合比设计、原材料的质量、配料准确、搅拌均匀运输，浇筑振实成型、养护等整个施工环节中，浇筑振实成型是主要的环节。在混凝土浇筑成型时。由于没有振实所产生的外观上的气孔、麻面、蜂窝、孔洞、裂隙等质量问题，易引起重视。但由于振捣不良，所产生的内部蜂窝、孔洞所导致的内在质量问题，人们容易忽视。而混凝土内在质量缺陷，同样引起混凝土结构物的破坏。所以，混凝土振捣应引起施工人员足够重视，质检员应采取相应的有效措施，使混凝土振捣良好。
Concrete mix design, the quality of raw materials, ingredients, stir well transportation accurately, pouring compaction molding, maintained throughout the construction process, such as pouring compaction molding is the main link. When the concrete casting molding. Resulting from not vibrated on the appearance of pores, pits, voids, holes, cracks or other product quality problems, easy to cause attention. But due to poor vibration generated by the internal voids, holes caused by internal quality problems, people tend to ignore. Internal quality defects and concrete, also caused the destruction of concrete structures. Ofnon-vibrating concrete, therefore, should cause enough construction personnel, inspectors should adopt corresponding effective measures, make the concrete vibratory good.