专题08-动词时态(初高考点差异及衔接)(原卷版).docx

动词时态（初高考点差异及衔接）

初中要求
学习了一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等时态的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。
高中要求
熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。

【初中时态考点聚焦】
一、一般现在时
1.Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you 　　　(be) away on business. 
2.Grace　　　 (win)this game every time we play. 
二、 一般过去时
1.Miss Zhang 　　　(订购)a dress online two weeks ago, but it hasn􀆳t arrived yet. 
2.England started colonies(殖民地)later. After a few fights, they　　　(take)control of the land. 
3.—How come you are late again?
—I　　　because my alarm clock didn’t go off.(oversleep) 
4.When I 　　　(arrive) at the hotel, it was midnight. 
三、 现在进行时
1.Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f　　　 while sales of paper books are rising. 
2.Look! The boys are k　　　(踢) the ball around in the yard. 
3.Please don’t make so much noise. The baby　　　(sleep)now. 
四、 过去进行时
1.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday. 
2.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book. 
3.—Why did the car hit the boy?
—Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time. 
五、 一般将来时
1.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I 　　　 tickets for you tomorrow. 
A.will book B.booked C.have booked D.was booking
2.—What is your plan for next weekend, Lingling?
—I 　　　 volunteer work in the museum. 
A.was doing B.did C.have done D.am going to do
3.We　　　a party for Kate. It’s supposed to be a surprise. 
A.were having B.had C.will have D.have had
六、现在完成时
1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now. 
2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years. 
3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown. 
4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young. 
5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014. 
【高中时态考点聚焦】

考纲解读
动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点, 考生应熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。
考点清单
考点1 一般时态
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如usually, often, always, sometimes, every day, from time to time, once a week, hardly, seldom, rarely等。
*On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.
(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
*Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.
(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为, 只限于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。
*The plane takes off at 11: 30 and arrives in Shanghai at 1: 20.
(4)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时, 如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
He likes his bike, very much.
All the students here belong to No. 1 Middle School.
(5)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用现在时代替将来时。
*I’ll call you as soon as I arrive there.

First celebrated in 1970, the Day now ______(include) events in more than 190 countries and regions.  
解题关键: 根据题干中时间状语now可知此处指的是现在这个节日的情况, 应用一般现在时。
答案判定: includes
2. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用yesterday, last year, in 1995, the other day等作时间状语。
*He worked very hard last year.
(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
*He said he would not go if it rained.
(3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时, know, think, expect等动词常用一般过去时。
*I didn’t expect to meet you here.

One study in America found that students’ grades ______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.  
解题关键: 根据题中found可知, that引导的宾语从句应用过去的相应时态, 根据句意可知此处应用一般过去时。
答案判定: improved
3. 一般将来时
(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态, 即单纯的将来事实。
*It is announced that Nokia will make a comeback next year with a plan to launch new smartphones.
(2)三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构:
①be going to do sth. 表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。
*What are you going to do tomorrow?
②be to do sth. 表示按计划或安排即将要做某事, 或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
*We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.
③be about to do sth. 表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
*The train is about to leave.

As scheduled, it ______(hold) on the playground from 5 p. m. to 8 p. m. next Sunday.  
解题关键: 根据题中时间状语next Sunday可知此处表示在将来某时间要发生的情况, 应用一般将来时, 且为被动。
答案判定: will be held

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
2. As we all know, friendship always (come) first.
3.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion (时尚).  
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr Smith the people and culture there.  
史密斯先生到中国几个月后, 就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
2. More wind power stations to meet the demand for clean energy.  
为了满足新能源的需求, 更多的风力发电站将会涌现。
3.First of all, uniforms smart.  
首先, 校服帮助学校看起来整洁。
4. At present, these technologies , though.  
然而, 目前这些技术仍然很昂贵。
5. Last week a farmwork programme in the suburbs.  
上周, 我在郊区参加了一个农活活动。
考点2 进行时态
1. 现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作、发生的事情或者表示现阶段(at present, this week等)正在进行的动作、发生的事情(说话时动作不一定进行或存在)。
*Together with Hangzhou and Beijing, many cities in China are entering an era without cash.
(2)一些特定的表示位置移动的动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。
*Some of these are getting scarce because people kill them for various reasons.
(3)现在(或者过去)进行时态与always, constantly, often, forever, continually等副词连用表示说话者的“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等感情色彩。
*The girl is always talking aloud in public places.
(4)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时
①表示心理状态、情感的动词: like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。
②表示存在状态的动词: appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to等。
③表示行为结果的动词: allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。
④表示感官的动词: see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。
【辨析】一般现在时与现在进行时
一般现在时
主要用于习惯性或经常性的动作, 常伴随使用频度副词usually, often, seldom等
现在进行时
主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作, 常跟时间状语now, at present等连用
*He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn’t writing at present.

Since you take much interest in music, I ______(write) to invite you to participate in the festival with me.  
解题关键: 此题根据语境可知, 写信人现在正在写信邀请对方一起参加节日。
答案判定: am writing
2. 过去进行时
(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者发生的事情。
*What were you doing yesterday at 7: 00 p. m. ?
(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
*I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.
(3)过去进行时可以表示按计划、安排在过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置移动的动词时, 也可以用过去进行时表示过去按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。
*Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.
(4)过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似, 过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩, 也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
*They were always quarrelling about small things when they were young.
【辨析】一般过去时与过去进行时
一般过去时
表示一个完成的动作; 亦可表示过去某个时刻发生的单纯动作(侧重说明事实)
过去进行时
表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作; 亦可表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)或者不断反复进行的动作
*I read a novel last night. (证明事实)
*I was reading a novel last night. (可能没看完)

The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he ______(quit).  
解题关键: 此题根据语境可知, 任务很困难, Steve感到愤怒和沮丧, 打算放弃, 应用过去进行时表示计划或打算要做的事。
答案判定: was quitting
3. 将来进行时
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作, 或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有: soon, tomorrow, this evening, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等。
*This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.
【辨析】一般将来时与将来进行时
一般将来时
表示对“现在时刻”来说, 将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态
将来进行时
表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作
*She is sixteen, and will be seventeen next year.
*What will you be doing at this time next Monday?

—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure. I ______(write)a report at home.  
解题关键: 由题干中的关键信息词tomorrow morning可知, 双方在谈论明天早晨的事情, 所以答语应用将来进行时, 表示“明天早晨我将在家写报告”。
答案判定: will be writing

用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Li Jiang and Su Hua (discuss) what to wear when receiving the British students next month.  
2. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts (forbid) to most citizens.  
考点3 完成时态
1. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常用的时间状语: already, so far, never, just, before, recently等。
*Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one.
(2)表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since, for+时间段以及so far, now, today, this week (month, year), for a long time, in the past/last few years, these days等连用。
*Beijing Sanlian Taofen Bookstore has devoted itself to providing the best service for readers for 20 years.
(3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时完成的动作。
*Please return the book to me when you have finished it.
【点津】(1)注意牢记以下固定句型:
①It is/has been+时间段+ since. . .
表示“自从……以来已经……”。
*It is/has been ten years since I graduated from university.
②This/It/That is the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”, that从句中要用现在完成时。
*This is the first time that I have been here.
(2)注意避免思维定势: 一看到for+时间段, 就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调的是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时), 还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
*Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.
杨振宁在美国定居多年, 现在他生活在中国。
*Dashan has lived in China for many years.
大山已经在中国住了许多年。
【辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时
①强调动作发生在过去某一时间, 不强调对现在造成的影响或结果
②与表示过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间连用
现在完成时
①表示过去动作与现在有关系, 主要强调对现在造成的影响或结果
②可与today, this week, since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用, 但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用
*They have gone to Paris so far.
他们目前已经去巴黎了(说明他们现在不在这里)。
*They went to Paris last year. 他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过, 不表明是否现在仍在那里)。

In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.  
解题关键: 根据句中时间状语In recent years可知应用现在完成时。
答案判定: have reported
2. 过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作, 强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by, before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
*Some scientists claimed that they had found some evidence to prove the existence of aliens.
(2)表示意向的动词, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
*We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
【点津】注意固定句型:
①This/It/That was the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”, that从句中要用过去完成时。
*This was the first time that I had been here.
②hardly. . . when. . . 和no sooner. . . than. . . 两个句型中, 主句均用过去完成时。
*Hardly had the match started when we arrived.

I ______(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.  
解题关键: 根据语境可知此处表示“本来希望做某事, 但没有做成”, 应用过去完成时。
答案判定: had hoped
3. 将来完成时
(1)将来完成时表示到将来某一时间, 某一动作将会完成。其构成是“will have done”。常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。
*By this time of next year, all of us will have become college students.
(2)表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。
*By this time next week, I will have worked for this company for 24 years.

By the time these “solutions”become widely available, scammers ______(move) onto cleverer means.  
解题关键: 根据题干中的时间状语By the time these “solutions”become widely available可知此处表示到将来某一时间为止这种情况将会已经发生完, 应用将来完成时。
答案判定: will have moved

用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years.  
2. I took notes during the meeting, but I (have) a chance to write them into a report so far.  
3. But I did not find my results to be as good as I (hope) they would be.  
4. They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.  
考点4 现在完成进行时和过去将来时
1. 现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
*I have been learning English since I was 8 years old and I still love it.
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
*He has been saying that ten times.
【辨析】现在完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成时
表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成, 体现动作的结果
现在完成进行时
表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行, 甚至仍将继续下去
He has cleaned the window. (动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window. (正在进行甚至仍将继续)

For the past two years, Gordon’s students ______(study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).  
解题关键: 根据句中时间状语For the past two years可知此处表示该动作到现在已经持续了两年而且会持续下去, 应用现在完成进行时。
答案判定: have been studying
2. 过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。
*The manager said that the shops would soon close.

By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they ______(attend).  
解题关键: 根据语境可知此处表示在过去看来将要做的事, 应用过去将来时。
答案判定: would attend

一．用所给词的适当形式填空
1. A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson (offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years.  
2. It’s a fascinating book, but little did I know how it (touch) my life and the lives of others.  
3. But the phrase “penny paper ” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there (be) papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.  
二
These days, 　1　 women and men 　2　 (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips on dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone 　3　 (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things 　4　 (change).  
Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is due to the pressure or influence of models we 　5　 (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up 　6　 a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody 　7　 (want) to put in the effort to have perfect muscles 　8　 Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even 　9　 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk(猛男).  
But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget beauty is only skin-deep. Character is 　10　 (important) than appearance. 
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.