考点06-代词(核心考点精讲精练)-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习(新高考专用)(学生版).docx

考点06 代词（核心考点精讲精练）

1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
代词
新高考I卷
2023
they--their
2022

2021
I--mine
新高考II卷
2023

2022

2021

浙江1月高考卷
2023

2022

2021
she--herself

2. 命题规律及备考策略（高考语法填空命题：先选好主题语篇，然后再定语法考点，所以2023年新高考I卷，没有考查动词时态和从句，因为语篇不具备考查素材，所以语法复习要全面。）
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于代词的考查共计3次，主要考查：
1．代词的词形转换；
2．代词的用法功能；
3. 代词it的相关句型。
【备考策略】熟记代词的词形转换词，尤其注意反身代词和不定代词；熟练掌握it的相关句型。
【命题预测】
2024年语法填空仍然有可能对代词进行考查，主要集中考查代词的词形转换，代词的相关句型。
（不要粗略的总结，给你最全面、实用的考点总结）
考点一　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词及it
1．人称代词

人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
用法
人称代词主格＝主语/同位语
•人称代词主格用作主语

他们总认为我会成为一名英语教师。
　用法
人称代词宾格＝宾语/表语
•人称代词宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语
•人称代词宾格可在系动词后作表语

你向我征询建议，我倍感荣幸。

2．物主代词

形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
句型
形容词性物主代词＋名词
•形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，置于名词前作定语
•形容词性物主代词＋own＋名词表示“某人自己的……”

她驾车来到当地野生动物保护区。

句型
名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词
•名词性物主代词后不能接名词
•在句中可作主语、动词或介词的宾语、表语

这不是我的手机，我的在桌子上。

3．反身代词

单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
句型
动词/介词＋oneself/系动词＋oneself　
•反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语，但不可作主语
•反身代词的人称和数必须与所指代的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致

他清楚地知道如何放松自己。

搭配
含反身代词的固定搭配
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在

4．it的用法
(1)it的基本用法

用法
例句
指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等
It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。
代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词
Although he didn't like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.
尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。
指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)
What will you call it if it is a boy？要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
(2)it作形式主语

结构
常用句型
例句
It is＋名词＋that 从句
It is a fact (a pity, a shame, no wonder, good news ...) that ...
It is no wonder that she was so upset. 难怪她如此心烦意乱。
It is＋形容词＋that从句

It is necessary(strange, important, wonderful, possible, likely, ... ) that ... 这类句中谓语动词多为 (should＋)动词原形
It is necessary that we (should) take measures to protect the environment. 我们采取措施保护环境是必要的。
It is＋过去分词＋that 从句
It is said (reported, decided, believed ...) that ...
It is believed that hard work will pay off. 人们相信，付出总有回报。
It＋不及物动词＋that 从句
It seems (happens, doesn't matter, turns out ...)
that ...
It happened that I went to visit my first teacher that day. 碰巧那天我去拜访我的启蒙老师。
(3)it作形式宾语

结构
例句
主语＋feel (think, find, consider, make ...)＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补＋that宾语从句
I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behaviour. 人们竟然能接受这种行为，我感到难以相信。
主语＋like (hate, dislike, love, enjoy, appreciate ...)＋it(形式宾语)＋that/when/if宾语从句
I love it when something is so good that it exceeds description. 我喜欢这些用言语无法形容的好事。
(4)it的常用短语或句型
make it 获得成功；赶上
see to it that ... 确保……
count on/rely on/depend on it that ... 相信……
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……
I can't help it ( ... ) 我情不自禁(……)
I take it that ... 我理解的是……
It's (high) time that sb did/should do sth 是某人该做某事的时候了
It is the first/second/ ... time that sb have/has done sth (It was the first/second/... time that sb had done sth) 这是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事了
It is/has been ... since ... 自从……已过了……时间了
It will be/was ... before ... 要过……时间才……/在……之前已过了……时间

1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 　　　　　　 (they) contents.
2.（2022·全国高考乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.

1．(2023·广东省佛山市高三检测)You should also note that audience members are not prohibited from leaving and there's no social pressure to keep ________ (they) there.
2．(2023·江西省丰城市第九中学高三摸底考试)To prolong the life of the tower, the museum began to repair ________ (it) roof and outer golden columns in June.
3．(2023·海南省海口市高三学科能力诊断)Athletes also said that the sports ________ (they) became more difficult and less safe when man­made snow was involved.
4．(2023·河南省示范性高中阶段性联考)It takes many people with a wide variety of skills and interests to keep a company like ________ (we) in business.
考点二　不定代词
1．one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it的区别

代词
用法
one
指代可数名词，单数，泛指
ones
指代可数名词，复数，泛指
the one
指代可数名词，单数，特指
the ones
指代可数名词，复数，特指
that
指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，相当于the＋名词，特指
those
指代可数名词，复数，特指(＝the ones)
it
上文中所提到的同一个事物
2.both, all, either, neither与none的区别

代词
用法
both
(1)表示“两者(都)”。
(2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非两者都……”。(表示两者的全部否定需用neither)
all
(1)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。
(2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
(3)与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非全部都……”。(表示三者或三者以上的完全否定需用none)
either
(1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any)
(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
neither
(1)表示“(两者)都不”。
(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。
none
(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。
(2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。
(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。
3.each与every的区别

代词
用法
each
(1)强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”。
(2)可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。
every
(1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”。
(2)与not连用构成部分否定。
(3)可用来表示“每隔”。
(4)不可与of短语连用。
4.the other, another, others与the others的区别

代词
用法
the other
可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，常与one连用，构成“one ..., the other ...”，表示“一个……，另外一个……”。
another
泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整体)”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。
others
只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。
the others
特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”。
5.none, nothing与no one/nobody的区别

代词
用法
none
(1)特指语境中提到的人或物，强调数量。
(2)后可接of短语，可回答以how many, how much引导的特殊疑问句。
nothing
(1)指物，表示泛指。
(2)不可接of短语，可回答what引导的特殊疑问句。
no one/
nobody
(1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数。
(2)不可接of短语，可回答以who引导的特殊疑问句。
6.复合不定代词的用法

某……
任何……
每个……；
所有……
没有……
人
someone/
somebody
anyone/
anybody
everyone/
everybody
no one/
nobody
物
something
anything
everything
nothing
[知识拓展]　复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配：
nothing but 仅仅；只是
anything but 决不
something of 有几分；略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
something else 别的东西；另外一件事
for nothing 免费；毫无结果
nobody but 除了……没有人
somebody else 其他人
7．表示数量的不定代词的用法

代词
用法
表示意义
含义
few
修饰或代替可数名词
否定含义
几乎没有
a few
修饰或代替可数名词
肯定含义
几个；一些
little
修饰或代替不可数名词
否定含义
几乎没有
a little
修饰或代替不可数名词
肯定含义
少量；一点点
many
修饰或代替可数名词
肯定含义
许多
much
修饰或代替不可数名词
肯定含义
许多
考点三　指示代词
指示代词this, that, these, those的用法

指示代词
用法
this/these
指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用。
that/those
指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用。
知识运用
试题难点
难点1：代词的主格、宾格和所有格的选择。
难点2：反身代词的正确使用。
反身代词可以作宾语、同位语，不能作主语。其形式随主语的变化而变化。
难点3：替代词的指代对象。
替代词有that、 one、 it、 those，但是指代的事物不同、语法不同。
解题策略
策略1：根据代词在句中的不同成分确定相应的“格”。
作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用所有格。指代与前面提到的名词一样的物品、表示所属关系时，用名词性物主代词。
This is your book. Mine is in my bag.这是你的书。我的(书)在我书包里。
策略2：确定反身代词与主语的关系。
1．根据主语的人称和数，使用不同的反身代词。
She finished the work by herself.她独自完成了工作。
2．当宾语与主语是同一个人或者同一些人的时候，用反身代词作宾语。
He devoted himself to the cause of education all his life.他一生致力于教育事业。
策略3：分清替代词所指的对象。
1．指代前面提到的可数名词单数，往往用one，其前面往往有形容词修饰。如果是复数，用ones。
2．指代前面提到的不可数名词，往往用that，此时后面带有后置定语。The weather in winter in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing.冬天上海的天气比北京暖和一些。
3．指代前面提到的复数名词，往往用those，或者the ones。

1．[2023·泰安模拟]As far as I am concerned，cycling is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy-saving. For ________，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas.
2．[2023·湖南长郡中学检测]However，quite a few others，especially ________ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have“Double Happiness”．

1．(2023·江苏省南京外国语学校南外高三期中)One took a bullet in the leg；the ________ took a bullet in the chest.
2．(2023·广东省佛山市高三阶段检测)In Finland, often known as the country with ________ of the best education systems in the world, children begin school at seven.
3．(2023·“西南汇”高三联考)As we ________ know, there are many kinds of pollution all over the world.
4．(2023·北京市高三入学定位考试)Ninety­percent of the time, fear is just thoughts running through your mind, and has ________ to do with reality.

基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The yin or the yang of the animal is defined based on the number of _____50_____(they) toes. The 12 animals are arranged in an alternating yin-yang sequence.
2.（2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））The diameter(直径) of ____39____(it) core will be similar to that of the Long March-5 heavy-lift rocket, which is five meters.
3.（2023·福建省厦门市高三毕业班第四次质量检测）His mother jokingly asked _______(he) whether the sugar was sweet, and he said, “Yes, it is sweet enough.”
4.（2023·安徽省高中毕业班第三次联考）It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties _______ the seal’s usage moved from the imperial to the personal, due to the expansion of arts.
5.（2023·安徽省十联考第一次教学质量检测）In a first of ____61____ (it) kind in China, Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China, will allow fully autonomous vehicles to run on roads in certain areas without human control equipment.
6.（2023·河南省部分重点高中联考）During his early teenage years, he taught ______(he) how to paint while working as a carpenter.
7.（2023·江西省赣州市二模）After centuries of development, kites have become one of the country’s representative traditional handicrafts, showing ______ (it) charm and gaining popularity all over the world.
8.（2023·江苏省南通市海安市统考）Studies have also demonstrated that the way we respond to the circumstances of our lives has more influence  on our happiness than the events ___44___ (they). Experiencing stress, sadness and anxiety in the short term doesn’t mean we can’t be happy in the long term. Often when people have faced difficulty, illness or loss, they describe their lives as happier and more meaningful as a result.
9.（2023·江苏省淮安市涟水县第一中学第二次阶段检测）____44____ is believed that the sense of gain and satisfaction of Chinese people will further improve.
10.（2023·江苏省南京师范大学附属中学月考）What developing countries need most is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it. Another way to help is through the development of private enterprise along with job training. Finally. we must remember that the future of a country lies in the hands of____48____(it)children.
11.（2023·江苏省常州市第一中学检测）Construction of accessibility facilities for the capital’s subway is generally on par with(匹敌) ____44____ of other countries, and in some cases even more advanced in terms of technology.
12.（2023·河北省“五个一”名校联盟联考）According to data from online travel agency Qunar, the number of rooms booked at hotels in less-traveled cities during the holiday was up 30 percent year-on-year. Some young people who normally have little time for ____41____ (they) simply had a stay cation in a hotel to make the much-awaited pause more relaxing than staying at home.
13.（2023·青海省西宁市一模）The post-90s from the national medical team of Peking University in Hubei Province came to the stage of “First Class for the New Term”. They told their stories of fighting the COVID- 19 through pictures, and showed the responsibilities of the young generation. Young people are strong, and China is strong. They proved ____44____ (they) responsibility with action.
14.（2023·贵州省联考）Armenian musician Astrid Poghosyan takes great pride in the Chinese name she picked for ____41____(her), Ma Xingxing. “Xingxing” literally meaning stars is inspired by her Armenian first name, while “Ma” is taken from Ma Chao, a famous warrior from China’s Three Kingdoms Period.
15.（2023·江苏省淮安中学达标模拟检测）Its analysis found that age also mattered: the young have higher life satisfaction than those in their 40s but life satisfaction rises again in later years, before falling again for those in their 80s. Living conditions were also important. Those who own their homes think their life satisfaction is higher than ___41___ in poverty.
16.（2023·河南省顶级名校阶段性检测）Geneticist (基因学家) Dr. Arney has explored the impact that humans have had on the evolutionary process of the species in the past decade.From driving species to farm animals to new technologies like genetic engineering and cloning, Arney found ___41___ impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet.
17.（2023·河南省新乡市三模）“The experience tested humans’ ability to adjust______(they) to the sudden huge changes in living conditions and environments,” said Clot.
18.（2023·安徽省马鞍山市第三次教学质量监测）“Doing this work makes me feel grateful for everything I have. My homeless friends may be down on ______ (they)luck and have nothing, yet they’re content, and they’ve helped me understand that I can be happy too, even when things aren’t going my way.
19.（2023·湖北省十一校联考）According to the committee, the number of design proposals was nearly three times ________ of the 2008 Games.
20.（2023·江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考）The noise level at this speed is capped (以……为上限) at 3 decibels higher than ______ on a train traveling at 350 km/h, which is as fast as current high speed trains can run in China.
21.（2023·江苏省南通市海门区）Birds, for example, depend on plants for food and spread ________(they) seeds while keeping the populations of harmful insects down.
22.（2023·广西壮族自治区河池市三模）Soon Rowdy ________(she) was on the object of a chase.
23.（2023·山西省金科大联考高模拟检测）For the public, cultural activities are gradually becoming necessities of ______ (they) lives.
24.（2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校联考）But because of the dream, she would return to the stage again and again and express______(she) and the traditional culture through her elegant and graceful dance.
25.（2023·浙江省东阳市5月模拟） As the bell rings in the Bell Tower, you can imagine yourself standing in the city as ________ was centuries ago.

能力提升
【2023·重庆市调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：196话题：Facebook
In the past, friendships were ____1____(great) limited by time, space and attention. Increasing home and workplace mobility (流动性) has made it even harder to keep social relations over time. Through a combination of user controls, new technologies and changing standards of social behavior, Facebook is freeing us ____2____ these limitations, ____3____(make) friendships more accessible, pleasant and diverse than ever before. First, Facebook allows you to find and rediscover friends and then reminds you of these ____4____(relate), so you are less likely ____5____(fall) out of touch with the long-lost school friend, or the family member in ____6____ different country. Second, Facebook creates an environment, ____7____ you are allowed to interact easily with others: You can share your photos, videos, links and thoughts, and respond to what they share in turn. A recent study by Keith Hampton for the Pew Internet and American Life Project ____8____(discover) that users of social networking websites have larger, more diverse social circles, online and offline.
Time may limit our ability to keep social ties, but our desire for social communication is ____9____(limit). Facebook is a tool that allows ____10____(we) to stay more deeply connected wi