第04讲-Unit2-Welcome-&-Reading(原卷版).docx

第04讲 Unit2 Welcome & Reading（解析版）-【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高二英语同步精品讲义 （译林版2020选择性必修第一册）
I. 要点导入
1._________ v. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→_________ n. 作曲家，作曲者
2. _________ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的→drama n. 戏剧；戏剧艺术→_________ adv. 戏剧性地；引人注目地
3. _________ vt. & vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并→_________ n. 结合；联合；结合体→_________ adj. 联合的；总计的
4. _________ n. 周围，环境→_________ adj. 周围的；附近的→_________ v. 包围，围绕，环绕
5._________ n. [U] 悲伤，悲痛；[C] 伤心事→_________ adj. 悲伤的，伤心的
6. _________ n. 改编本，改写本；适应→_________ adj. 能适应的；有适应能力的→_________ v. 使适应，使适合；改编，改写；适应

II. 重点知识点解析
1　 compose vt. & vi. 作曲；vt. 撰写（讲稿、诗歌等） vt. 组成（不用于进行时）；使镇静
Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.
昨晚，我观看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首动听的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪、陈钢创作。
常见搭配 compose a symphony 创作交响乐
compose a speech 写讲稿
be composed of … =be made up of … =consist of … （整体）由…组成
compose oneself =calm oneself down使自己镇定下来
compose one’s thoughts 镇定思绪
Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein. 
我们的饮食中大约有15%的蛋白质。
He started at once to compose a reply to Anna. 
他立刻开始给安娜写回信。
She tried to compose herself when she heard the news. 
听到这个消息之后，她努力让自己平静下来。
词性转换 composer n. 作曲家
composition n. [U] 成分，构成；作曲，创作；[C]（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品
即时小练 单句语法填空
1.Mozart's________(compose) are undoubtedly among the world's greatest.
2.We had to write a ________(compose) on the subject "My Pet." 
3.A team may be composed _________ knowledgeable people.

2 deserve vt. 值得，应得，应受（不用于进行时）
It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard.
这部作品真的值得一听。
常见搭配 deserve doing/to be done 值得被……（主语通常为sth.）
deserve +n./pron.代词 值得……，应得……
deserve to do sth.值得做……；应该做……
deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意
These proposals deserve serious consideration. 
这些建议值得认真考虑。
He said I must have done something bad to deserve it. 
他说我肯定是罪有应得。
These criminals deserve to be horse-whipped. 
这些罪犯应该用马鞭抽一顿。
deserve有时可用作反语，表示“罪有应得，活该”，常用于“get what sb. deserves”结构。如：
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
deserved a. 理所应当的，应得的
deserving a. 值得……的
常见搭配 a well-deserved rest 应得的休息
a problem deserving of attention 值得关注的问题
即时小练 单句语法填空
1.With what he had done, he deserved ___________(earn) people's respect. 
2.There is no doubt that the man  committed a crime and deserves __________(punish) for it. 
3.The money saved could be used for more _______(deserve) causes.

3 overcome (overcame-overcome) vt. 受到……的极大影响（常用被动）；克服（困难），解决，战胜
Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave. 不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。
常见搭配
be overcome by/with ... 被……（某种情绪）控制；受到……的极大影响
overcome the enemy/the difficulties/anxiety 战胜敌人、克服困难/焦虑
如：He forced himself to subdue and overcome his fears. 他强迫自己克制并战胜他的恐惧。
Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral. 在葬礼上，她的父母悲痛欲绝。
With repeated applications of weedkiller, the weeds were overcome. 反复的施除草剂后，杂草终于被消灭了。
即时小练 单句语法填空
1.There was but little conversation in the car, and soon many of the passengers ______( overcome) with sleep.
2.The residents were trying to escape from the fire but were overcome _______ smoke. 
3.Ann ____________ her shyness and gave us a speech in public. 

4. Transform vi.& vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化
...telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. It is an amazing journey!
常见搭配 (1)transform A into B　把A转变成B
transform...from...into...把……从……转变成……
(2)transformation n．转化；转换；改造；变换
即时小练 单句语法填空
(1)Television has (transform) the size and social composition of the audience at great sporting occasions.
(2)The ten years has witnessed a complete (transform) of the genetically modified technology.
(3)The company has been transformed a small company into a large one.

5. rely on/rely upon ... =depend on/count on ... 依赖，依靠；信任，信赖
My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. 我寄宿家庭的一家人都是乡村音乐的狂热爱好者，所以我总依赖他们给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。
常见搭配
rely on/upon sb./sth.　依靠某人或某物
rely on sb. for sth.　依靠某人提供某物
rely on/upon sb. to do sth. ＝rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on/upon it that从句　指望/相信某人做某事
You should rely on your own judgement.你应该相信你自己的判断。
It would be rash to rely on such evidence. 依靠这样的证据太轻率了。
As babies, we rely entirely on others for food. 在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。
You can rely on it that I will keep your secret. 你尽管相信我一定会为你保密。
词性转换：
（1）reliable a. 可信赖的；可靠的（=dependable）
如：a reliable friend
（2） reliance n. 依赖
即时小练 单句语法填空
1. We should rely on ourselves rather than others ________ what we need.
2. You may rely on/upon ________ that the lecture hall built last year can admit 1,000 people at a time.
3. Our information comes from a ________(rely) source.

6. surroundings n. 周围，环境
The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings ... 简单的曲调和唯美自然风光很容易使人联想到乡村环境……
如：live in pleasant surroundings 生活在令人愉快的环境中
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 一开始，新环境让我难以忍受。
词性转换
（1）surrounding adj. [定] 周围的，附近的；与……有关的
Surrounding Area 近郊 ; 周围面积 ; 周边地区 ; 周围地区
the surrounding circumstances 环境规则 ; 周围环境
The farm and surrounding area was flooded. 农场和周围地区遭洪水淹没。
...Chicago and the surrounding area. …芝加哥及其周边地区。
（2）surround vt. 围绕，包围
常见搭配 be surrounded with/by … 被……包围　
He had made it his business to surround himself with a hand-picked group of bright young officers.
他把确保身边有自己亲手挑选的一群聪明的年轻军官当作自己的职责。
How can one ever separate out the act from the attitudes that surround it?
如何才能将行动同围绕着它的种种看法区分开来呢？

7 guarantee vt. 保证，担保 n. [C] 保证，保证书，起保证作用的事物
I guarantee you’ll enjoy it. 我保证你会喜欢它的!
常见搭配 guarantee sb. sth. 向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that ... 保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人担保/保证……
a guarantee of ... ……的保障/保证
A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a guarantee of quality.
公司的老字号并不一定能保证质量。
Whatever a guarantee says, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop.
不管保修单上怎么说，当产品出现故障时，你仍然可以去商店维护自身的权益。
We guarantee that you will find a community with which to socialize.
我们保证你将找到一个可以社交的团体。
即时小练 翻译句子
1.We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials. 
2.He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 
3.The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee. 

8 adaptation n. [C] 改编本，改写本；[U] 适应
The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai’s Yellow river Cantata, tells how the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to overcome the Japanese invaders. 这部音乐作品，改编自冼星海的《黄河大合唱》，讲述中国人民是如何在中国共产党的带领下努力打败日本侵略者的。
常见搭配 adaptation to ... 对……的适应
This recipe is an adaptation of an old favourite. 这个食谱是一个传统名食谱的改编。
They paid attention to the environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. 他们把注意力放在养牛者对环境的适应上。
词性转换 adapt vt. 改编，改写 vt./vi.（使）适应（新情况）
常见搭配 adapt A for B 把A改编成B
adapt A from B 把B改编成A →[被动] be adapted from ... 由......改编而来
adapt (oneself) to ... （使自己）适应……
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system. 我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
To survive in that sort of environment, animals have to adapt to evolve in response to their surroundings. 
为了在那样的环境中生存，动物必须进化，以适应周围的环境。
即时小练 单句语法填空
1. I find _____ difficult ___________(adapt) myself to the climate here..
2. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate ___________(adapt) . 
3. As a famous writer, three of her novels have been adapted ________ television. .
4. This movie is an adaptation________ a real story. 

9. consist of
It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”. 它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》。
常见搭配 (1)consist of ... =be made up of ... =be composed of ... （整体）由……组成/构成
Calendars consist of time intervals.  日历由时间间隔组成。
注意 不用于被动语态或进行时态，但可以用consisting of作后置定语。如：
Mars has an insubstantial atmosphere, consisting almost entirely of carbon dioxide. 
火星周围有一个薄薄的大气层，几乎全由二氧化碳构成。
归纳拓展 相关短语：
①consist in ... =lie in ... 存在于；在于
Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own. 
幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。
The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient. 
威尼斯之美就在于它具有古代建筑物的风格。
②be consistent with ... 和……一致；相符合
Her story consists with the facts. 
她的说法与事实相符。
Our deeds must consist with our words. 
我们必须言行一致。
(2)consistent adj. 始终如一的；持续的；坚持的；一致的，吻合的
We must be consistent in applying the rules.  我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。
It's terribly important for parents to be consistent.  父母要做到始终如一，这是极为重要的。
即时小练 单句语法填空
1. ___________(consist) of two campuses, this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4, 000 students and teachers.
2. The problem consists _______ his failure to cooperate.
3.The results are entirely __________(consist) with our earlier research.

10. defend vt. & vi. 保卫，防御；vt. 辩解，辩白，为……辩护
常见搭配 defend ... against/from ... 保护/保卫……免受……之害（=protect ... from ...）
defend against/from ... 抵御……
defend oneself 自卫
defend sb./sth. 为某人/某事辩解
The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland against any invasion. 
军队将不惜一切代价保卫祖国不受任何侵略。
The president has gone on television to defend stringent new security measures. 
该总统在电视上为严格的新安全措施进行了辩护。
归纳拓展 词性转换
①defensive adj. 防御的
②defender n. 保卫者，卫士；辩护者
③defence/defense n. 防御（物）；保卫；辩解
常见搭配 in defence of ... 为了保卫……
come to one’s defence 为某人辩护
What points can be raised in defence of this argument? 
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
The weasel is a timid animal but will fight like a tiger in defence of its young. 
鼬鼠是一种胆小的动物，但在保护其幼畜时也会凶猛地搏斗。
He expects to defend her title successfully in the next Olympics. 
他希望下届奥运会能成功卫冕。
即时小练 单句语法填空
Research suggests diet and exercise can improve human brain function and defend ____ Alzheimer's
He has senatorial experience in __________(defend) and foreign policy.
The accused has the right ____________ (defend) himself. 

III. 句式精析
1. When the two lover, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 当梁山伯与祝英台这一对恋人初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是对观众呢喃私语。
【句式剖析】此句中，开头为when引导的时间状语从句，“the music is light and pleasant”为主句；as if部分为as if引导的方式状语从句的省略形式，as if后省略了it is。
【考点精讲】状语从句的省略：
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略，只留“连词 + 表语”的结构。常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;
②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;
③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。
即：
连 词
+ adj./adv.
+ n.
+ doing/done/to do [非谓语]
+ 介词短语
如：当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.　（连词+形容词）
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.　　（连词+名词）
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.（连词+现在分词）
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.（连词+过去分词）
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.（连词+不定式）
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.（连词+介词短语）
当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over）

2. It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. 事实证明，乡村音乐在20世纪40年代在美国南部开始流行，然后传遍了整个国家。
turn out 是“系动词”，是一个固定词组，不宜细分。意为“最终是；结果是”，后接名词或形容词，作表语。
Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. 
It is turned out that 句子中, it是形式主语, is turned out是系表结构作谓语, that...是真正的主语(后置)

尽管这会令人沮丧和失望，但事实证明，这也会对你有益。
Besides helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a host of health benefits to your body and mind. 
事实证明，拥抱除了帮助你提升与你关心的人之间的亲密感外，还会给你的身心健康带来很多益处。
It turns out that radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art. 
事实证明，放射性碳年代测定法适用于许多史前艺术品。
It turns out that you may stand out among many excellent competitors if you have specific character.
结果表明如果你有特点，你就会在众多优秀的选手中脱颖而出。
类似结构：
it appears that...
as it turns out...
it has been found that...
it proves that...

IV. 词组集锦
1. 种类繁多的
a wide range of
2. 观看现场音乐表演
watch a music performance live
3. 值得一听
deserve to be heard
4. 一个经典故事的跌宕起伏
the twists and turns of a classic story
5. 拆散
tear apart
6. 为失挚爱而痛哭
weep bitterly over the loss of love
7. 不胜伤悲
be overcome with sorrow
8. 化蝶而去
transform into butterflies and fly away
9. 结合中西方的音乐元素
combine Chinese and western music elements
10. 扎根于
have its roots in
11. 结果是
turn out
12. 传遍全国
spread across the nation
13. 产生于
grow out of
14. 发人深省
leave sb. deep in thought
15. 奉送，额外赠送
throw in
16. 作为额外增添
for good measure
17. 让公众接触更多音乐
give the public more access to music
18. 举办一系列免费音乐会
put on a series of free concerts
19. 受到全世界好评
be well received across the world
20. 由……组成
consist of

基础夯实

I. 单词短语默写
1.___________________ vi. & vt. 作曲；撰写；使镇定
2.___________________ n. 交响乐
3. ___________________ adj. 合适的，适宜的
4. ___________________ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；戏剧的
5. ___________________ adj. 乡村的；农村的
6. ___________________ vi. & n. 耳语；低声说话
7. ___________________ n. 周围，环境
8. ___________________ n. 改编本；适应
9. ___________________ adj. 热情的，热心的
10. ___________________ vt. 值得
11. ___________________ n. 悲伤；伤心事
12. ___________________ n. 名誉；名声
13. ___________________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的
14. ___________________ vi. & vt. 辩护；防御，保护

II. 要点回顾
1. Barrington has c___________ the music for a new production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream.
2. The engineer was working on the freezer when he _____________(overcome) by gas.
3. Any product that promises to protect your home d___________ careful examination.
4. At some_____________(drama) moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined.
5. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually t_____________ a patient's life.
6. When it comes to _____________(adapt), it is important to understand that climate change is a process.
7. They told aid workers to leave, saying they could not g_____________ their safety.

分层提分

题组A 基础过关练
I.用所给短语的适当形式填空
consist...of break into cheers all of a sudden rely on for good measure
get down to twists and turns throw in be determined to hold the breath

1. The ploughman's is a simple meal ____________ cheese, bread and pickles.
2. Tony ____________ in the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool. 
3. People ____________ the moment they heard the messages. 
4. After exchanging the usual pleasantries, they ___________ serious discussion.
5. Jessica ____________ hold on to this job whatever difficulties she might run into.
6. I bought the car at a cheap price and included the radio ____________.
7. She said the most interesting routes are those with the