专题20-完形填空(初高考点差异及衔接)(原卷版).docx

完形填空（初高考点差异及衔接）

高中完形填空
题型特点
1. 通常一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空15或20个，首句不挖空；
2.考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化背景；
3.干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，有很大的迷惑作用。
常见失分
1.多数同学考试时担心时间紧，在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟。
切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读，弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。
2.不注意积累答题技巧：
a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系；
b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随选择。

技法1| 利用上下文暗示解题
在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。
典例1　I'm an ambitious __40__， and when I started going through chemo (化疗), even though I'm a very 41.positive person, I lost my drive to write.
40．A.reader B．writer
C．editor D．doctor
[典例2]　Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50.confidence he needed.By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in __51__．
51．A.horse－riding B．football
C．speech D．Farming
技法2| 利用语义逻辑关系解题
文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系，如：并列关系，转折关系，递进关系，因果关系，目的关系，解释关系等。完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。因此，理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。
[典例1]　One day, while waiting to go in for 43.treatment,_I had one of Dr.Bernie's books in my hand.Another patient 44.noticed what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me __45__ he had one of his books with him as well.
45.A.while B．because
C．Although D．Providing
[典例2]　He unfortunately 52.passed_away last year due to his cancer, __53__ he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54.inspiration to pick up my pen again.
53.A.since B．but
C．so D．for
技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题
完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。
[典例1]　I __55__ to myself，“If he can do it, then so can I．”
55.A.promised B．swore
C．thought D．replied
[典例2]　He tried __42__ the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too 43.light．
42.A.on B．for
C．in D．with
技法4| 利用词汇复现解题
完形填空的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形填空的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。
[典例1]　“No，it's too long and it doesn't have any __49__，”complained Lainey.
“Oh，that's where you are 50.wrong;_there are lots of pictures.Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to 51.see them.It's like magic.”
“Nice try，Aunt Dede，” Lainey replied 52.sourly from the back seat.
Another __53__ was in order.“Well，if you don't want to read it，give it 54.back．Maybe your mom would 55.enjoy hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.By the end of the first chapter，56.requests were coming from the back seat: “Please read a little 57.louder．”,
49.A.pictures B．stories
C．Adventures D．conversations
53．A.idea B．try
C．Belief D．behavior
技法5| 利用情景排除法解题
完形填空的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的，这时就要求学生对空白前后的情景进行合理想象，然后用排除法确定正确选项，因为四个选项中必有一正确选择。
[典例1]Another 53.try was in order.“Well，if you don't want to read it，give it 54.back．Maybe your mom would __55__ hearing the story.”The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.By the end of the first chapter，__56__ were coming from the back seat：“Please read a little 57.louder．”
55．A.enjoy B．admit
C．mind D．finish
56．A.decisions B．requests
C．comments D．promises
[典例2]　Where do you go when you want to learn something？School？A friend？A tutor？These are all__21__places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want __22__ somewhere else instead.I had the 23.chance of seeing this first hand on a 24.weekend．
21．A.public B．traditional
C．official D．special
22．A.passes B．works
C．lies D．ends
技法6| 利用词法和句法结构解题
完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。
[典例1]　When we handed him the bag of 52.food，he lit up and thanked us with__53__eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for__54__his family might need，he burst into tears.
53.A.sleepy B．watery
C．curious D．sharp
54．A.whoever B．whatever
C．whichever D．whenever
[典例2]　We finally did and it was 20.love at first sight.It was Our Home，small and charming，overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners，a nice elderly couple，we felt the warmth and __21__ of the marriage within that home.As perfect as it was，the price remained too high for us.But every day，we would sit by the lake，looking at the house and dreaming of __22__ it would be like to live there.
21.A.pride B．happiness
C．Challenge D．desire
22．A.which B．why
C．that D．what

一

　　Every year about 40,000 people attempt to① climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They　41　with them lots of waste. The　42　might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the　43　of Kilimanjaro. 
Hearing these stories, I’m　44　about the place—other destinations are described as “purer”natural experiences. 
However, I soon　45　that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of　46　among tons of② rubbish. I find a　47　mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are　48　but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be　49　. 
The best of a Kilimanjaro　50　, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 　51　as spiritual places by many cultures. This　52　is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as　53　go through③ five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly④ at 3,000 meters,　54　lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather　55　—low clouds envelop⑤ the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I　56　twelve shades⑥ of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland　57　:gravel(砾石), stones and rocks.　58　you climb into an arctic-like zone with　59　snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. 
Does Kilimanjaro　60　its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true. 

41.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring
42.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters
43.A.position B.age C.face D.name
44.A.silent B.skeptical⑦ C.serious D.crazy
45.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate
46.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones
47.A.remote B.quiet C.tall D.clean
48.A.new B.special C.significant⑧ D.necessary
49.A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing up D.fading away
50.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight
51.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded
52.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose
53.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials
54.A.holding on to B.going back to C.living up to D.giving way to
55.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits
56.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add
57.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake
58.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally
59.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial
60.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire
首段作者介绍了一则传言,即每年大约有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山,他们带来了垃圾,破坏了这里的环境。
①企图做某事

第2、3、4段作者介绍了自己为了核实有关乞力马扎罗山的环境情况,亲自参观该地的经历。

②大量的
③经历
④adv.突然地
⑤[熟词生义]v.包住,裹住,盖住
⑥n.(颜色的)浓淡,色度

最后一段作者根据自己的亲眼所见,对该地环境做出了客观的评价。
⑦adj.怀疑的

⑧adj.显著的,有重大意义的

二
真题再现
　　Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　1　. He learned the value and beauty of 　2　 there from a very young age. 
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 　3　 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　4　 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 　5　, the number of snakes had declined as well.He 　6　 that it was because there weren􀆳t enough trees to protect them from the 　7　. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　8　 during the daytime. He turned to the 　9　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 　10　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 
　11　 young plants in the dry season was 　12　 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 　13　 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　14　 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below. 
Molai 　15　 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 　　　　　　　
1.A.dream　　　　B.job　　　　C.home　　　　D.choice
2.A.nature　　　　B.youth　　　　C.culture　　　　D.knowledge
3.A.precious　　　　B.interesting　　　　C.disturbing　　　　D.awkward
4.A.waste　　　　B.tension　　　　C.pain　　　　D.damage
5.A.Besides　　　　B.However　　　　C.Therefore　　　　D.Otherwise
6.A.agreed　　　　B.realized　　　　C.remembered　　　　D.predicted
7.A.noise　　　　B.heat　　　　C.disease　　　　D.dust
8.A.directions　　　　B.partners　　　　C.help　　　　D.shelter
9.A.labor　　　　B.police　　　　C.forest　　　　D.finance
10.A.rebuilt　　　　B.discovered　　　　C.left　　　　D.managed
11.A.Decorating　　　　B.Observing　　　　C.Watering　　　　D.Guarding
12.A.tough　　　　B.illegal　　　　C.fantastic　　　　D.beneficial
13.A.back　　　　B.top　　　　C.foot　　　　D.side
14.A.cool down　　　　B.keep off　　　　C.purify　　　　D.collect
15.A.returned　　　　B.learned　　　　C.failed　　　　D.continued
【素养解读】本文主题语境内容为环境保护,旨在引导学生增强环保意识,积极参与社会实践活动。
【语篇解读】一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜,莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林,使这里重新成为动植物的家园。
【重点词汇】
1.decline /dɪˈklaɪn/v.减少;下降
2.solution /səˈluːʃn/n.解决办法
3.seek /siːk/v.寻求;谋求;争取
4.result in导致;造成
【难句分析】Molai built at the top of each sapling a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。
本句为主从复合句。句中where引导定语从句,修饰先行词platform,where在从句中作地点状语;介词短语with small holes作定语,修饰名词pots;不定式to collect rainwater作目的状语。

Throughout my life, I was never very athletic. I wasn􀆳t really into 　1　, sports or conflict. The only activities I enjoyed were 　2　 things like watching TV and playing computer games. 
It was during my junior year in high school that I realized I needed a 　3　. My friends were joining the long distance running club and also invited me to do it. At my school, there were no qualification 　4　;every student was accepted. 
As everyone gathered around on the first day of practice, the　5　announced it was time for “warm-up”. I imagined the warm-up would be a　6　jog around the 400-metre track. I soon　7　it was a 1-km run. After completing the run, I was　8　! I wondered, “If that􀆳s the warm-up, what􀆳s next?” The real workout for the day was a 5-km run, which I mostly walked. When I came home, I really considered　9　. However, I　10　 myself to keep at it and try harder. 
Of course, there was no real improvement　11　. I always came in last during practice and the first few　12　. As days and weeks went on, I really tried my best. During practice, I would always keep at the　13　of the group; the fastest, more confident runners were always ahead, while the laziest were behind. As the result of my　14　, the warm-up became a real warm-up. The 5-km run transformed into an　15　day of practice. And I was no longer last in anything we did. For a former couch potato, like me, this was a success. 

1.A.rules　　　　 B.arts　　　　 C.competition　　　　 D.schoolwork
2.A.endless　　　　 B.pointless　　　　 C.important　　　　 D.challenging
3.A.change　　　　 B.rest　　　　 C.team　　　　 D.result
4.A.trials　　　　　　 B.alternatives C.opportunities　　　 D.reasons
5.A.competitor　　　　B.coach　　　　 C.reporter　　　　 D.referee
6.A.hard　　　　 B.boring　　　　 C.practical　　　　 D.casual
7.A.decided　　　　 B.suspected　　　　 C.realized　　　　 D.agreed
8.A.sent off　　　 B.taken away C.turned down　　 D.worn out
9.A.complaining　 B.quitting C.crying　　　　　　 D.refreshing
10.A.convinced　　 B.taught C.sent　　　　　　 D.helped
11.A.actually　　 B.gradually C.separately　　 D.instantly
12.A.performances　 B.presentations C.races　　　　　　 D.steps
13.A.middle　　　　 B.top　　　　 C.front　　　　 D.bottom
14.A.inspiration　 B.determination C.loyalty　　　　　　 D.contribution
15.A.unimaginable　 B.avoidable C.easy　　　　　　 D.optional