专题11情态动词(初高考点差异及衔接)(原卷版)-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接.docx

情态动词（初高考点差异及衔接）

初中要求
初中阶段，我们主要学习了情态动词的基本用法以及它们之间的区别
高中要求
高中阶段，情态动词的学习更加深入，我们将学到情态动词表示推测或判断的用法以及在虚拟语气中的用法等。

【初中情态动词考点聚焦】
考点一　情态动词的基本用法
1.But unless he can hide his tail, he 　　　(can) turn himself into a man. 
2.—Can I go swimming, Mom?
—Certainly. But you　　　(一定)be back by four. 
3.—Jack,　　　 (会)you ride a bike? 
—Yes,I can.
4.—Mom,must I go shopping with you?
—No,you　　　 (不必).You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friends. 
考点二　情态动词表推测的用法
1.The girl in the classroom　　　(不可能)be Sarah. She has gone to the library.  
2.—What’s the matter with Tom?He has been absent for two days.
—Oh!He　　　 (可能)be ill.Let’s go and ask Ms Brown. 
3.The girl riding a horse there　　　 (不可能)be Shirley.Her left leg was badly hurt in an accident yesterday. 
【高中情态动词考点聚焦】

考纲解读
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等, 它是英语中最难把握的一个语法项目, 也是每年高考必考内容。从历年的高考试题, 主要从以下几个方面来考查情态动词:
1. 情态动词的基本用法和含义, 即说话人对所说的动作或状态的看法或主观设想;
2. 考查情态动词表示推测的用法区别;
3. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用;
4. “情态动词+have+过去分词”的其他用法。它们都要结合具体语境来考查灵活运用情态动词的能力。
考点清单
考点1 9大情态动词的基本用法
1. can/could
(1)表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)。
*The police still haven’t found the missing child, but they’re doing all they can.
(2)表示理论上的可能性, “有时候可能会”(用在肯定句中)。
*It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.
(3)表示请求和允许, 口语中常用could代替can(could用来表示现在, 用以委婉地提出请求等, 但回答时必须用can)。
*Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
(4)表示推测“可能”(用于否定句、疑问句中)。
*He can’t be at home for I just saw him in the classroom.
2. may/might
(1)表示请求、允许、许可, might比may的语气更委婉。
*—May I take the book out?
—I’m afraid not.
(2)表示推测“可能”, 可能性比can/could小。
*—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don’t worry. He might not come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
3. must
(1)表示“必须; 应该”。
*—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.
(2)表示“偏要, 硬要”做某事。
*If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.
(3)表示推测, “一定”。
*—Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You must be Mrs Brown.
4. shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示征求对方的意见。
*Shall we go to the theatre by bus?
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句中, 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁; 此外, 表示法律、条文中规定必须……时也用shall。
*—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
5. should
(1)表示劝告和建议, 作“应该”讲。
*You should learn from each other.
(2)表示惊讶、意外等情绪, 意为“竟然”。
*It is surprising that you should not know it.
(3)用在if条件句中, 表示可能性很小, 但也不是完全不可能。
*If you should fail to come, ask Mr Smith to work in your place.
6. will/would
(1)用于表示意志或意愿。
*—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.
(2)表示“请求; 建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些。
*Will/Would you please keep the door open?
(3)表示习惯, will可以表示现在的习惯, 意为“总是; 习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。
*He would get up early when he lived in the country.
(4)表示事物的某种性质和倾向, 或按规律“注定会”。
*Oil will float on water.
7. need
表示“需要; 必要”, 用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。
*I needn’t worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
8. dare
表示“敢; 敢于”, 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说法, 意为“我想, 大概”。
*I daren’t catch the mouse.
9. ought to
表示义务, 意为“应当”, 语气比should强, 表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测, 意为“应是, 应该”。
*You ought to work harder than before.
【点津】3组易混词(组)用法比较
情态动词
主要用法
can(could)/
be able to
can/could
can只有原形和过去式(could), 表示一般能力
be able to
有更多的时态形式, was/were able to表示通过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事
must/
have to
must
侧重表示说话人的主观看法, 常译为“必须, 应该”; 只有一种形式
have to
表示客观需要, 有多种时态形式
would/
used to
would
表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作, 没有与现在对比的含义
used to
表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态, 强调今昔对比(意味着“现在不
再……了”)

If special clothes are used, they ______truly represent a given period.  
解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处表示“它们应该真正代表一个特定的时期”, 应用should。
答案判定: should
考点2 5大表示推测的情态动词用法比较
情态动词
适用句式
适用时态
意　义
must
肯定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
一定、
肯定
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
can
(could)
疑问句, 否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
可能, 会
It can’t be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
may
(might)
肯定句, 否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
也许, 可能
—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.
should
(ought to)
肯定句, 否定句
一般时、完成时
确定或
期待,
“应该”
I shouldn’t have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams.
续表
情态动词
适用句式
适用时态
意　义
will
(would)
肯定句、否定句、疑问句
一般时、进行时、完成时
大概
This would be the house you’re looking for.

一. 用适当的词填空
1. She hopes that every kid have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
2. The weak links thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
3. The prey species they directly attack die out.
二. 单句改错
4. Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?
5. She told him he ought not do it.
6. It is true that no one should live without money in modern society.
三．用适当的词填空
1. Biological age is the number of candles we really be blowing out.
2. And while plastic bags be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
3. One study found that a cotton bag be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.

1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken