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Unit-5-Working-the-Land-重点单词变形-词组-短语-句型练习(人教版2019).docx

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Unit 5 Working the Land 重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 基础词汇变形: 1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→ n.献身;忠诚;热爱 2.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→ adj.有说服力的;使人信服的 → adj.确信的;坚信的 3.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得→ v.假定;设想→ conj.假定;假设 4.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→ vt.消耗;消费;吃;喝 → n.消费者;用户;客户 5.salty adj.含盐的;咸的→ n.盐 6.extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→ vt.伸开;展开;延伸 7.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→ n.化学 8.nutritional adj.营养(物)的→ adj.有营养的;营养丰富的 → n.营养;滋养 9. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→ adj.深的→ vt.加深;(使)变深 一、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1.Scientists once figured that the theory was based on a wrong ________ (assume). 2.With all his spare time____________ (devote)to the research, the scientist almost has no time for a holiday. 3.It____________(estimate) that between 70 and 90 percent of car crimes occur in the daytime. 4.The deal was estimated____________(be) worth around $ 1.5 million. 5.It is wise of our manager to hire consultants to help with our commercial ________(extend). 6.You can be a clerk of our firm on the ________(assume)that you get the graduation certificate. 7.My chemistry teacher told us that when you heat a metal, it _____________(expand). 8.The country decided to have an ________(extend)of government control on the market. 9._________(overcome) the difficulties of many aspects, we are bound to be grateful to ourselves. 10.The professor said scientists once________ that the theory was based on a wrong________. (assume) 11.They tried to convince me ________ (make) a trip to Knox College and meet them. 12.It’s also_________ (entire) necessary for them to be able to complete their college education. 13.You should give ________ evidence to make yourself ________.(convince) 14.I’m not ________ (entire) happy about the proposal. 15.It is ________(essence) for high-new technology enterprises to strengthen competitive power. 16.She was no longer able to distinguish between imagination and ________(real). 17.As babies, we rely ________ (entire) on others for food 18.The ___________ (characteristic) of Chinese music are related to the Chinese language where the same pronunciation with different tones represents different meanings. 19.His capability has never been in doubt; the question is ________ he is prepared to put efforts. 20.There is no possibility ________ we will pick you up at the airport;the snowstorm has been on. 21.You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two ________(alternative). 22.It is likely ________ FAST will help make many new Nobel-level discoveries. 23.With more and more people putting the low-carbon lifestyle into practice, the ______ (consume) of coal has declined in recent years. 24.Sometimes, I really doubt ______ there is hope in my Math. 25.Our ambition is______________(expand)Huaiwei as a powerful, globally consistent, first-class brand 26.We are trying to work out a solution to the problem of water ______________ (short). 27.The diet is _____________ (nutrition) but low in calories. 28.The project is designed ________(generation) around 30 megawatts of power for the national electricity supply. 29.We are __________ (convince) that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success . 30.In order to convince us _____________ his honesty, he gave us several _____________(convince) cases which could make us _____________(convince) of it. 二、根据汉语意思填写单词 31.What lies at the________(根源) of his troubles is a sense of insecurity. 32.A __________ (广泛传播的) flu epidemic affected eighteen western states. 33.Neighbors ________(致力于) their spare time to helping others rebuild homes. 34.Some explanation of terms and concepts is likely to be helpful, and perhaps even ________ (最基本的). 35.Most of our students____________(获得)five ‘A’ grades in their exams. 36._________(有机的)food is food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides. 37.Dealing with people is the most important __________(方面)of my work. 38.Her financial problems could no longer be________(克服). 39.Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without ________(扩大) the area of the fields. 40.Fruit should be dealt with ________(农药) regularly. 41.Humans can’t ________ (消化) plants such as grass. 42.A ______(特征)of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water. 43.His leg was now capable of full ________ (伸展). 44.Vegetables are generally very low in calories, very high in fiber, and full of _________(营养). 45.It offers a quick and cool ____________ (可供选择的) to traditional passwords, and you cannot forget your own face! 46.The sense of ________ (视觉) is one of the important ways that the mankind obtain an outside information. 47.I ________ (完全地) enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favorite part. 48.Such creatures have rarely been seen alive as they live at a ________ (深度) of six hundred feet. 49.This approach is based on the ___________(假设) that people will be most interested in the activities they choose for themselves. 50.Water is _______________ (组成) of hydrogen and oxygen. 三、完成句子 51._______ _______ sorrow,   she jumps into his grave. 她悲痛欲绝,于是跳进了他的坟墓。 52.对我们来说,了解所有的事实是必要的。 ___________________ all the facts. 53.女士们依次发言时,每一位都得到了喝彩。 There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke____________ ____________. 54.如果你想把事情做好,专心是必要的。 ________ if you want to do a good job. 55.他被认为是一名成功的建筑师。 He ________ ________ ________ a successful architect. 56.How many doctors and nurses is the medical team ________ ________? 这个医疗队由多少医生和护士组成? 57.作为一名刚毕业的大学生,他不知道在这里创业需要什么。 As a new graduate,he doesn’t know ________ to start a business here. 58.最让我高兴的是,他们的艺术天赋是极其惊人的。 (主语从句) ________ their artistic talent is extremely shocking. 59.在大城市,自行车正在成为替代私家车出行的短途交通工具。 In big cites, bikes are becoming ________ private cars as a means of short-distance transport. 60.旅行社问我是想乘飞机走,还是想乘船走。 The travel agent asked________ I wanted to go by air________ ________ ________. 四、用单词的适当形式完成短文 阅读短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词),或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the closing of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games on Sunday, experts from around the world have praised China’s contribution to the international Olympic cause. Former Egyptian tourism adviser Abdel-Aal said China has made every effort ____61____ (overcome) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, ____62____ ensured the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were impressive international sports ____63____ (event). He appreciated China has contributed ____64____ (significant) to the development of the global Olympic cause, the promotion of cultural exchange among countries and the strengthening of friendship among peoples of the world. The world once again saw a responsible China, said Zahid Farooq Malik, chief editor of Pakistan’s Daily Metro Watch, ____65____ (add) that China made ____66____ (her)”a beautiful place of humanity’s unity”. Liu Di, ____67____ professor at Japan’s Kyorin University, said the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics were held at a time of when nothing would have been more complex, and the sportsmanship ____68____ (display) at the two events will surely continue to inspire mankind to unite, cooperate and make progress. Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul, a member of the executive board of the National Olympic Committee of Thailand, ____69____ (highlight)the admirable efforts China made in combining its traditional culture ____70____ winter sports and Olympic culture. 参考答案: 1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devotion n.献身;忠诚;热爱 2.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→convincing adj.有说服力的;使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的;坚信的 3.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得→assume v.假定;设想→assuming conj.假定;假设 4.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consume vt.消耗;消费;吃;喝→consumer n.消费者;用户;客户 5.salty adj.含盐的;咸的→salt n.盐 6.extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend vt.伸开;展开;延伸 7.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→chemistry n.化学 8.nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→nutrition n.营养;滋养 9.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deep adj.深的→deepen vt.加深;(使)变深1.assumption 【详解】考查名词。句意:科学家们曾经认为这个理论是基于一个错误的假设。分析句子可知,空格处应用名词,作介词“on”的宾语,“assume”意为“假设”,动词词性,对应的名词为“assumption”,意为“假设”,根据空格前“a”可知,空格处应用“assumption”的单数形式。故填assumption。 2.devoted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位科学家把所有的业余时间都投入到研究中,几乎没有时间度假。分析句子可知,此处考查固定结构“with+宾语+宾补”,空处应填动词非谓语形式作宾补,空处与逻辑主语his spare time之间是被动关系,故空处应填动词过去分词形式作宾补。故填devoted。 3.is estimated 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:据估计,70%到90%的汽车犯罪发生在白天。分析句子可知,此处考查固定句型It be estimated that...,意为“据估计……”,句型中的it为形式主语,真正的主语为that从句,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,be动词用is。故填is estimated。 4.to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这笔交易估计价值约150万美元。固定搭配be estimated to do sth.“被估计做某事”。故填to be。 5.extension 【详解】考查名词。句意:我们经理雇用顾问来帮助我们的商业拓展是明智的。分析句子,设空处应该填写名词作宾语。extend为动词,意为“拓展”,其名词为extension。是不可数名词。故填extension。 6.assumption 【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你有毕业证书,你就可以成为我们公司的职员。分析句子,设空处应该填写名词作宾语。assumption意为“假设”。故填assumption。 7.expands 【详解】考查时态。句意:我的化学老师告诉我们,当你加热一种金属时,它会膨胀。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时。故填expands。 8.extension 【详解】考查名词。句意:国家决定扩大政府对市场的控制。空处应填名词和下文of构成名词所有格,冠词an提示用其单数。故填extension。 9.Having overcome 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:克服了许多方面的困难,我们一定会感谢我们自己。分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,overcome与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,且结合语意,“克服困难”发生在“一定会感谢自己”之前,所以空处应用现在分词的完成式having overcome,having置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having overcome。 10.     assumed     assumption 【详解】考查一般过去时和名词。句意:这位教授说,科学家们曾经认为这个理论是建立在一个错误的假设之上的。第一空是宾语从句的谓语动词,结合once可知,此处应用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式assumed;结合第二空前的不定冠词a可知,第二空填名词单数,assumption假设,故填①assumed②assumption。 11.to make 【详解】考查不定式。句意:他们想说服我去诺克斯学院见他们。convince sb.to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”,不定式作宾语补足语。故填to make 。 12.entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意:对于他们来说能够完成大学教育也是完全必要的。设空处修饰形容词necessary作状语,应用副词形式,故填entirely。 13.     convincing     convinced 【详解】考查形容词及非谓语动词。句意:你应该给出令人信服的证据来使别人相信你。第一空修饰名词evidence,应用形容词convincing,意为“令人信服的”;第二空是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,yourself和convince之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故填①convincing;②convinced。 14.entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意:我对这个提议不完全满意。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词形式作状语修饰形容词happy,故答案为entirely。 15.essential 【详解】考查形容词。句意:高新技术企业增强竞争力至关重要。“it is +形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是......”。因此,此处应填essence的形容词essential。故填essential。 16.reality 【详解】考查名词。句意:她再也不能分清幻想和现实了。设空处与imagination并列,作介词between的宾语, 应用名词形式reality。故填reality。 17.entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意:在婴儿时期,我们完全依赖别人喂食。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰空前动词rely,应用副词,作状语。故填entirely。 18.characteristics 【详解】考查名词。句意:中国音乐的特点与汉语有关,即同音不同声调代表不同含义。空处需填名词作主语,characteristic意为“特点”,是可数名词,结合空后的“are”可知,此处需填名词复数形式。故填characteristics。 19.whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意:他的能力从未受到怀疑;问题是他是否准备付出努力。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是表语从句,根据“the question is”可知,句子表示“问题是他是否准备付出努力”,空格处意为“是否”,因此用连词whether引导表语从句,故填whether。 20.that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:我们不可能在机场接你;暴风雪已经开始了。分析句子可知,空格处引导同位语从句,根据句意可知,从句句意完整,成分齐全,所以使用从属连词that引导从句,作名词possibility的同位语。故填that。 21.alternatives 【详解】考查名词的数。句意:你可以按周用现金获得报酬,也可以按月用支票获得报酬;这是两个选择。根据句子结构和定冠词the可知,空处应填名词作表语,alternative“可供选择的办法”是可数名词,被two修饰,应用其复数形式。故填alternatives。 22.that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意:FAST很可能会帮助许多新的诺贝尔级别的发现。此处为句型“it be likely that…”,表示“可能……”,it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语。故填that。 23.consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意:随着越来越多的人将低碳生活方式付诸实践,煤炭消费近年来有所下降。空处应填名词构成名词所有格,consumption“消费”符合题意,抽象概念,不可数。故填consumption。 24.whether##if 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:有时候,我真的怀疑我的数学是否有希望。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用whether或if 引导的宾语从句,表示“是否”。故填whether或if。 25.to expand 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的目标是把华为打造成一个强大的、全球一致的一流品牌。分析句子可知,is是谓语,空处填非谓语,ambition是“目标、志向”含义指向未来,用to do不定式做表语,对主语进行具体说明。故填to expand。 26.shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意:我们正在制定一个解决水短缺问题的方案。根据 of water 可知空格处是宾语,要用名词。故填shortage。               27.nutritious 【详解】考查形容词。句意:这种饮食有营养,但热量低。is是系动词,后接形容词作表语,nutrition“营养”是名词,形容词形式nutritious “有营养的”,故填nutritious。 【点睛】 28.to generate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:该项目的设计发电量约为30兆瓦,供全国电力供应。此处为短语be designed to do sth.,表示“被设计做某事”。故填to generate。 29.convinced 【详解】考查语态。句意:我们相信2022年北京冬奥会将会是一次大的成功。convince是动词,表示“使相信,使信服”,与主语we之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,空前已经出现are,空处填写过去分词形式即可。故填convinced。 30.     of     convincing     convinced 【详解】考查固定短语和形容词。句意:为了使我们相信他是诚实的,他给了我们几个有说服力的例子,使我们相信他是诚实的。convince sb. of sth.是固定短语,意为“使某人相信某事”,因此第一空是of;第二空处用形容词作定语,修饰名词cases,是物,修饰物用ing形容词,即convincing,意为“有说服力的”,第三空用形容词作宾语补足语,修饰us用ed形容词,因此第三空是convinced,意 为“确信的”。故填①of;②convincing;③convinced。 31.root 【详解】考查名词。句意:他的一切忧虑源于一种不安全感。结合空前的the可知,空处应填名词作lies at的宾语,由汉语提示可知,root根源,是可数名词,此处用单数形式。故填root。 32.widespread 【详解】考查形容词。句意:一个广泛传播的流感疫情波及西部18个州。根据句意和汉语提示,设空处应填形容词widespread,作前置定语,修饰主语。故填widespread。 33.devote##devoted 【详解】考查动词。句意:邻居们将空闲时间致力于帮助其他人重建家园。根据所给中文可知,此处应用动词devote“致力于”,且此处为谓语动词,既可陈述事实,也可说明过去发生的动作,故既可用一般现在时,也可使用一般过去时,故填devote/devoted。 34.essential 【详解】考查形容词。句意:一些术语和概念的解释可能是有帮助的,甚至是必要的。分析句子可知,设空处单词与形容词helpful是并列关系,结合汉语提示,应填入形容词essential作表语,意为“最基本的”。故填essential。 35.attained 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我们大多数学生在考试中得了5个“A”。分析句子可知,“获得”可翻译为“attain”,根据句意和语境可知应使用一般过去时。故填attained。 36.Organic 【详解】考查形容词。句意:有机食品是指在生产过程中不使用人工化学品或杀虫剂的食品。分析句子,设空处应该填写形容词作定语。根据汉语提示,organic为形容词,意为“有机的”,符合句意,同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填Organic。 37.aspect 【详解】考查名词。句意:与人打交道是我工作中最重要的方面。根据汉语提示“方面”以及上文的the most important可知,空处应填名词作表语,与of后面的名词是所属关系,应填名词aspect。故填aspect。 38.overcome 【详解】考查语态。句意:她的财务问题再也无法克服了。结合could,主语Her financial problems和谓语动词overcome是被动关系,谓语用could be done形式。故填overcome。 39.expanding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:袁寻找一种在不扩大耕地面积的情况下增加水稻收成的方法。根据汉语提示可知是动词expand“扩大”,介词without 后用动名词作宾语,故填expanding。 40.pesticide 【详解】考查名词。句意:水果应定期用杀虫剂处理。介词with后接宾语,“农药”表达为名词pesticide ,为不可数名词。故填pesticide。 41.digest 【详解】考查动词。句意:人类不能消化像草这样的植物。表示“消化”的动词形式为digest。因情态动词can’t之后用动词原形,故填digest。 42.characteristic##feature 【详解】考查名词。句意:这种动物的一个特点是它能在没有水的情况下活很长时间。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写名词作主语。空前a代表该名词为单数。根据汉语提示,characteristic/feature为名词,意为“特征”,符合句意。故填characteristic/feature。 43.extension 【详解】考查名词。句意:他的腿现在可以完全伸展了。根据汉语提示“伸展”以及前文的形容词full可知,此处应填名词作介词of的宾语,应用extension。故填extension。 44.nutrition 【详解】考查名词。句意:蔬菜通常热量很低,纤维含量很高,营养丰富。根据汉语提示可知,此处应填入名词nutrition作宾语,故填nutrition。 45.alternative 【详解】考查名词。句意:它为传统密码提供了一个快速而酷炫的选择,而且你不可能忘记你自己的脸!根据句意和汉语提示,设空处应用名词alternative,根据前面的不定冠词a,此处应用名词单数形式,作offers的宾语。故填alternative。 46.vision 【详解】考查名词。句意:视觉是人类获取外界信息的重要途径之一。根据汉语提示“视觉”及前文sense of可知,此处应用名词vision (不可数)作介词宾语。故填vision。 47.absolutely / completely / entirely / totally 【详解】考查副词。句意:我也完全地喜欢射箭,但赛马是我最喜欢的部分。根据汉语提示,“完全地”表达为副词absolutely或completely或entirely或totally,作状语。故填absolutely / completely / entirely / totally。 48.depth 【详解】考查名词。句意:很少见到活着的这种生物,因为它们生活在600英尺深的海底。空处应填名词作宾语,结合汉语提示可知,depth深度,故填depth。 49.assumption 【详解】考查名词。句意:这种方法是基于这样的假设:人们对自己选择的活动最感兴趣。根据汉语提示可知,assumption假设,名词,符合题意;此处特指这种假设,名词需用单数。故填assumption。 50.composed##comprised 【详解】考查动词。句意:水是由氢和氧组成的。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词compose或comprise,固定搭配be composed /comprised of意为“由……组成”。故填composed或comprised。 51.     Overcome     with 【详解】考查动词短语搭配。根据中文提示可知,表示悲痛欲绝可用短语搭配“be overcome with sorrow”(不胜悲哀),此处省略be,用过去分词作状语。故填Overcome with。 52.It is essential for us to know 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“做某事对某人来说是必要的”句型为it is essential for sb. to do sth.;表示“了解”应用动词know。故填It is essential for us to know。 53.     in     turn 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“依次、轮流”用in turn,为固定介词短语。故空处一填in;空处二填turn。 54.Concentration is essential 【详解】考查时态。专心可以用名词“concentration”,为不可数名词,在主句中作主语;必要的用形容词“essential”;句子为主系表结构,根据if条件状语从句中的want可知,主
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