形容词比较级及最高级讲解.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级
（1）构成
A 大多数单音节形容词的比较级和最高级的构成是在其原级后面加上-er和-est：small----smaller----smallest new----newer----newest
B 许多单音节形容词只有一个元音字母，其末尾为一辅音字母。在比较级和最高级形式中，这个辅音字母要双写：big----bigger----biggest thin----thinner----thinnest
C 许多单音节形容词以-e结尾，如 nice。这些形容词只需在原级形式后加-r和-st：large----larger----largest nice----nicer----nicest
D 有些形容词以-y结尾，而在-y前是一个辅音字母。这些形容词一般有两个音节。变为比较级和最高级时，-y要变成-i，末尾再加-er和-est：
easy----easier----easiest heavy----heavier----heaviest
E 但有少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记，如：good----better----best bad----worse----worst little---less---least, many\much---more---most, well\good---better---best bad---worse---worst, far---farther\further---farthest\furthest,
F 大多数较长的形容词（即有两个以上音节的词）可与more连用构成其比较级形式，与most连用构成其最高级形式。 difficult---more difficult---the most difficult, beautiful---more beautiful---the most beautiful
★elder:年长的，资格老的。 farther:更远 further:进一步的 ill—worse—worst
（2）用法
比较级只用于两者之间，通常与than连用。形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，它也可独立存在：
This coat is longer. 这件外衣较长。
最高级用于3者或3者以上。形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词，并常伴有一个表示范围的介词短语或从句：That girl is the tallest student in our class. 那位姑娘是班上个子最高的学生。
(3) 句型结构:
1. 比较级常用句型结构

    “甲 + be + 比较级 + than + 乙” 表示“甲比乙……”

    例：Michael is taller than Richard.（迈克比理查德高。）

 2. 最高级常用句型结构

    “主语 + be + the + 最高级 + 单数名词 + in/of…(all) 短语” 表示“……是……中最……的。”

    例：I am the shortest boy in my class. （我是我班级里最矮的男孩。）
3. 中考常考句型结构

   1.“主语 + be + the + 最高级 + sb. have/has ever seen.表示“……是……见过的最……的。”

    例：It is the biggest city I have ever seen. （这是我见过的最大的城市。）
2.同级比较as/so+形容词原级+… as
He worked as hard as Bill did.
English is not so difficult a subject as Chinese.
3.主语+倍数词+as+形容词原级+as或 主语+倍数词+more than…
The river is twice as long as that one.
4.主语+be+ one of the +最高级+复数名词
He is one of the shortest students in our class.
5.主语+be+ the +序数词+最高级+ 单数名词
She is the second shortest student in our class.
★注意1)有些短语虽然包含as…as, 但不表示比较，如 as far as, as long as, as well as(和),as soon as.
2)修饰比较级的程度副词或短语有much, even, far (…的多),still, a little, a bit, a lot.
3.比较级的特殊用法
1)The + 比较级+主语A+动词, the + 比较级+主语B+动词。
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
The harder he works, the more he gets.
The more exercises you do, the healthier you will be.
2)比较级+and+比较级
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
We get less and less money.
3）no+比较级+than 和…一样不 not+比较级+than 不及…
My English is no better than you. 我的英语和你一样不好。
\My English is not better than you. 我的英语不如你好。
4）如果在两者之间表示“最……” 时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：
John is the cleverer of the two boys.

句型转换
1. John is the cleverer of the two boys.=John is cleverer than the other boy.
2. too…to与 so…that sb.can’t…的句型转换：　
　　The milk was too hot to drink.=The milk was so hot that we can’t drink it.
　3. too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换：
　　He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
　　The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read.
　4. He is the tallest in our class.= He is taller than any other one in his class.

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