新目标-中考复习-直接引语及间接引语.doc

【直接引语和间接引语】
概念：
直接引述别人的原话，叫 直接引语， 通常都用“”括起来
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 间接引语 ，
间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 宾语从句。

直接引语例子：
She said, “I like singing. ”
She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”
She said, “I visited Europe last year.”
She said, “I have never met an American.”
She said, “I will see you next week.”

间接引语例子：
She said she liked singing.
She said she was waiting for a bus.
She said she had visited Europe the year before.
She said she had never met an American.
She said she would see me the next week.

★ 直接引语变间接引语
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语　等相应变化.

１、人称的变化 ：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新

2．时态的变化
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时
一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时

注意：
①直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.
例：The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”
→ The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said,“John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
→ Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.

③直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, “I get up at six every morning.”
→ He said he gets up at six every morning.

④直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
→ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.

3.时间状语的变化
直接引语 间接引语
now现在 then那时
today今天 that day那天
this evening今晚 that evening那天晚上
yesterday昨天 the day before前天
yesterday morning昨天上午 the morning before前天早晨
last night昨天晚上 the night before前天晚上
two days ago两天前 two days before两天前
next week下周 the next week
the following week第二周
tomorrow明天 the next day
the following day第二天
the day before yesterday前天 two days before两天前
the day after tomorrow后天 in two days’ time
two days after两天后

★ 直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。
直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词 if 或 whether 连接。
直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
例句：
She asked, “Have you seen the film?” →She asked me whether\if I had seen the film.
He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?” →He asked John if\whether he was a doctor.
She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?” →She asked us where we were going to get off.
He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?” → He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

★直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的宾语。
注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.
例句：
The policeman ordered: “Be quiet.” →The policeman ordered us to be quiet.
The teacher said to the boy, ” Open the window .” →The teacher told the boy to open the window
“Never do that again,” the teacher said．→The teacher told me not /never to do that again．
“Wait a moment．” she said to them. →She asked them to wait a moment .

【练习】
1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”

2．She said: “He will be busy.”

3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”

4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”

5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”

Ⅰ.单项选择
1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing
C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.