英语音标单词短语常用句.doc

音 标
一、元音
1.单元音
前元音[i:] [i] [e] [æ]   
中元音 [ʌ] [ə:] [ə]     
后元音 [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:] 
2.双元音 
开合双元音 [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au] 
集中双元音 [iə] [εə] [uə]     
二、辅音 
1.爆破音 
清辅音 [p] [t] [k]     
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g]     
2.摩擦音 
清辅音 [f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h] 
浊辅音 [v] [z] [ʒ] [ð]   
ə.破擦音 
清辅音 [tʃ] [tr] [ts]     
浊辅音 [dʒ] [dr] [dz]     
4.鼻音 （浊辅音） [m] [n] [ŋ]     
5.舌侧音 （浊辅音） [l] [r]       
半元音 （浊辅音） [w] [j]

分类单词
一、学习用品( school things)
pen/pen/钢笔
pencil/'pensl/铅笔
pencil-case/' penslkeis/铅笔盒
ruler/ru:le/尺子
book/buk/书
bag/bæg/包
post card/paust ka:d明信片
newspaper/’nju:z,peip/报纸
schoolbag/sku:bæg/书包
eraser/i' reisa/橡皮
crayon/’ kreian/蜡笔
sharpener/ʃa:pana/卷笔刀
story-book/' sto ri]buk/故事书
notebook/’nautbuk/笔记本
Chinese book/’ tʃaini:z/语文书
english book/' inglis/英语书
maths book/mæθs/数学书
magazine/, mæda’zi:n/杂志
newspaper/'nju:z,peila/报纸
dictionary/' bikaneri/词典

二、身体部位(body)
foot/fut/脚
head/hed/头
face/feis/脸
hair/hεə /头发
nose/nauz/鼻子
mouth/mauθ/嘴
eye/ai/眼睛
ear/ia/耳朵
arm/ a:m/手臂
hand/ hand/手
finger/' finga/手指
leg/leg/腿
tail/teil/尾巴

三、颜色( colours)
red/red/红
blue/blu:/蓝
yellow/ jelau/黄
green/gri:n/绿
White/wait白
black/blæk/黑
pink/pink/粉红
purple/"pa:pl/紫
orange/'ɔ: rinds/橙
brown/ braun/棕

四、动物( animals)
cat/kæt/猫
dog/dɔg/狗
pig/pig/猪
duck/dʌk/鸭
rabbit/’ ræbit/兔子
horse/hɔ:s/马
elephant/ ’ elifant/大象
ant/ænt/蚂蚁
fish/fjʃ/鱼
bird/bə:d/鸟
snake/ sheik/蛇
mouse/maus/鼠
kangaroo/kægə’ru:/袋鼠
monkey/" mʌŋki/猴子
panda/" pendə/熊猫
bear/bεə /熊
lion/' laiən/狮
tiger/ taigə/老虎

五、人物( people)
friend/ frend/朋友
boy/bɔi/男孩
girl/gə:l/女孩
mother/mAðə/母亲
father/"fa: ðə/父亲
sister/' sistə/姐妹
brother/"br ðə /兄弟
unc|e/'ʌŋk/叔叔
man/mæn/男人
Woman/' wuman/女人
Mr先生Miss小姐
lady/" leidi/女士
mom/mɔm/妈妈
dad/dæd/爸爸
parents/ pearants/父母
grandma/grandma:/ grandmother
/ grand, ʌðə/(外)祖母
grandpa /'grændpa: /grandfather
/'grænd, fʌðə /(外)祖父
aunt/ a:nt/阿姨
cousin/"kʌzn/堂兄妹
son/sʌn/儿子
baby/"beibi/婴儿
kid/kid/小孩
classmate/' klasmeit/同学
queen/"kwi:n/女
visitor/ vizitə /参观者
neighbour/"neibə/邻居
principal/ prinsəpəl/校长
pen pal/ pen pæl/笔友
tourist/"tu:rist/旅行者
people/'pi:pl/人物
robot/' rə ubɔt/机器人六、职业(job)
teacher/ti: tʃə/教师
student/"sfju:dənt/学生
doctor/'dɔktə/医生
nurse/nə:s/护士
driver/' draivə/司机
farmer/"f a:mə /农民
singer/siŋə /歌唱家
writer/raitə/作家
artist/" a:tist/画家
actor/" ækta/男演员
actress/' æktris/女演员TV
reporter/ri"pɔ:te/电视台记者
engineer/, endʒi'niə /工程师
policeman/pə’li:sman/(男)警察
salesperson/ seitz,pa:sn/销售员
cleaner/"kli:nə /清洁工
baseball player/beis,b:l' pleiə/棒球运动员
assistant/ a ’sistənt/售货员

六、食品( food and drink)
breakfast/" brekfəst/早餐
unch/lʌn tʃ/中餐
dinner/" dinə/晚餐
egg/eg蛋
rce/rais/米饭
cake/ keik蛋糕
bread/bred/面包
jam/ dʒæm/果酱
biscuit/ biskit/饼干
sausage/'sɔ:Sidʒ/香肠
sandwich/' sændwit/三明治
dumplings/' pʌmpliŋ/饺子
French fries/ frent fraiz/薯条
meat/mi:t/肉
chicken/ tʃikin肉
mutton/mʌtn/羊肉
beef/bi:f/牛肉
pork/pɔ:k/猪肉
fish/fiʃ/鱼
hamburger/" hæmb ə:gə/汉堡
hotdog/hɔtdɔg/热狗
noodles/"nu:dl/面条
soup/su:p/汤
salad/' sæləd/沙拉
milk/milk/牛奶
water/Wɔ:t ə /水
yice- crean/ ais kri:m/冰淇淋
cola/'kəulə/可乐
Juice/ dʒu:s/果汁
tea/ti;/茶
coffee/"kɔfi/咖啡
fruit/fru:t/水果
apple/'æpl/苹果
banana/bs"na:nə/香蕉
pear/pεə/梨
orange/' o：rin dʒ/橙
watermelon/Wɔ:ta, melan西瓜
grape/ greip/葡萄
herry;/ tʃeri/樱桃
lemon/" lemən/柠檬
mango/' mæŋgəu/芒果
coconut/" keukanʌt/椰子
peach/pi: tʃ/桃
strawberry/'strɔ:bəri/草莓
vegetable/' vedʒitəbl/疏菜
eggplant/' egpla:nt/茄子
green beans/gri:nbi:ns/青豆
tomato/t ə ’meitən/西红柿
potato/ pə’teitəu/土豆
cucumber/kju:kmbə/黄瓜
onion/ ʌnjə n/洋葱
pea/pi:/豌豆

七、衣服( clothes)
jacket/' dʒækit/夹克衫
shirt/ ʃə:t/衬衫
T- shirt T恤衫
skirt/skə:t/短裙子
dress/dres/连衣裙
jeans/ dʒi:nz/牛仔裤
pants/ pænts// trousers/" trəuzəa/裤子
socks/sɔks/袜子
Shoes/ju:z/鞋子
sweater/' sweta/毛衣
coat/kəut/外套
rainsoat/" reinkəut/雨衣
shorts/ʃɔ:ts/短裤
sandals/" sændl/凉鞋
boots/bu:ts/靴子
hat/hæt有边帽
cap/kæp/无边帽
Btie/tai/领带
sunglasses/' Sʌngla: siz太阳镜
scarf/ska:f/围巾
gloves/glʌvz/手套

八、交通工具( vehicles)
bike/baik/自行车
bus/bʌs/公共汽车
train/ trein/火车
boat/bəut/小船
ship/ ʃip/轮船
yacht/jət快艇
car/ka:/小汽车
taxi/ tæksi/出租车
jeep/ dʒi:p/吉普车
van/væn/小货车
plane/ plein/飞机
subway/" Sʌbwei/地铁
motor cycle/" məutə ' saikl/摩托车

九、杂物( other things)
present/" preznt//gift/gift礼物
walkman/' Wɔ: kmən/随身听
lamp/ læmp/台灯
shone/fəun/电话
sofa/"səufə/沙发
shelf/ʃelf/书架
fridge/ fridʒ/冰箱
table/"teibl/桌子
air-conditioner/εə kən'diʃə nə /空调
key/ki:/钥匙
lock/lɔk/锁
plate/ pleit/盘子
knife/naif
fork/fɔ:k/叉
spoon/spu:n/勺子
chopsticks/’ tʃɔpstiks/筷子
pot/pt/锅
toy/tɔi/玩具
window/" windəu/窗户
door/dɔ:/门
desk/desk/课桌
chair/ tʃεə /椅子
bed/bed/床
computer/ kəm'pju:tə/计算机
bard/bɔ:d/写宇板
fan/fæn/风扇
light/lait/灯
mirror/"mirə/镜子
teacher' s desk/'ti: tʃədesk/讲台
picture/"piktʃə /图画
photo/ fəutəl/照片
wall/Wɔ:l/墙壁
floor/flɔ:/地板
football/"futbɔ:l/足球
doll/dɔl/洋娃娃
bal!/bɔ:l/球
balloon/bəlu:n/气球
kite/kait/风筝
jigsaw puzzle/ dʒigsɔ:‘pʌzl/拼图游戏
box/bɔks/盒子
umbrella/ ʌmbelə /伞
zipper/zipə/拉链
violin/,vaiə’lin/小提琴
nest/nest/乌窝
hole/həul/洞
toothbrush/tu: θbrʌʃ/牙刷
menu/menju：/菜单
e-card/ka:d/电子卡片
e-mail/meil/电子邮件
money/"mʌni/钱
traffic light/ tr æ fik lait,/交通灯
medicine/' medicin/药

十、地点( locations)
home/həum/家
room/ru:m/房间
bedroom/" bedrum/卧室
batheoom/" bæθrum/卫生间
living roon/ liviŋ ru:m/起居室/客厅
kitchen/kitʃin/厨房
classroon/" kla: srum/教室
school/sku:l/学校
park/pa:k/公园
library/ laibrəri/图书馆
post office/ pəust'ɔ:fis/邮政局
hospitʌl/" hɔspitl/医院
cinema/" Sinimə /电影院
bookstore/" bukstɔ:/书店
farm/fa:m/农场
zoo/zu:/动物园
garden/'ga:dn/花园
playground/ pleigrəund/操场
canteen/ kæn'ti:n/餐厅
teacher' s office/" ɔ：fis/教师办公室
gym/ dʒim/体育馆
washoom/ Wɔʃrum/盥洗室
artroom/ a:tru:m/美术室
computer room/k ə m'pju:t ə /电脑房
music room/mju:zik/音乐教室
Tv room电视房
flat/ fl æ t/公寓
company/"kʌmpəni/公司
factory/ fæktəri/工厂
pet shop/ pet ʃɔp/宠物店
science museum/" saiəns mju:ziəm/科学博物馆

十一、气象( weather)
cold/kəuld/冷的
hot/hɔt/热的
Warm/Wɔ:m/温暖的
cool/ku：l/凉爽的
showy/snəui/下雪的
sunny/sʌni/晴朗的
rainy/" reini/下雨
Wndy/" windi/刮风的
cloudy/" kləudi/多云的
weather report/"weðəri'pɔ：t/天气预报

十一、植物( plants)
flower/fləuə/花
grass/gra:s/草
tree/tri:/树
seed/si:d/种子
leaf/li: f/树叶
plant/pl a:nt/植物
rose/rəuz/玫瑰

十二、景物( nature)
river/"rivə /河流
lake/leik/湖泊
strean/stri:m/小溪
forest/ fɔrist/森林
path/pa:θ/小路
road/rəud/马路
house/rud/房子
bridge/bridʒ/桥
building/" bilinŋ/建筑物
rain/rein/雨
cloud/ kləud/云
sun/sʌn太阳
mountain/ mauntin/大山
skgy/skai/天空
rainbow/' reibəu/彩虹
wind/ waind/风
air/εə /

十三、星期(week)
Monday/"mʌndei/星期
Tuesday/tju:zdi/星期二
Wednesday./ wenzdi/星期三
Thursday/"θe:zdi/星期四
Friday/" fraidi/星期五
Saturday/' sætədi/星期六
Sunday/" Sʌndi/星期天
weekend/"wi:k"end/周末

十四、月份( months)
January/dʒænjueri/一月
February/ februəri/二月
March/ma: tʃ/三月
April/eiprəl/四月
May/mei/五月
June/ dʒu:n/六月
Jnly/ dʒu:"lai/七月
August/ɔ:'gʌst/八月
September/sep'tembə/九月
October/k'tubJ/十月
November/nəu' vembə/十一月
December/di' sembə /十二月

十四、患病( illness)
have a fever/'fiva/发高烧
hurt/h:t/疼痛
have a cold/ əuld/伤风
have a to othache/'tu:6e/牙疼
have a headache/" hedeik/头疼
have a so re throat/so:rut/喉咙疼
have a stomachache/' stamakeik/胃痛

小学英语语法小结
一、名词:
有可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词有单数、复数之分
名词复数形式的构成规则:
(1)一般在名词词尾加“s”
如: teacher –teachers egg---eggs
(2)以s,X,sh,ch结尾的名词加es
如：class---classes box-- boxes
bus –buses watch--watches
(3)以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i再加es
如: story--- stories library---libraries
dictionary----dictionaries hobby---hobbies
(4)以f,fe结尾的名词,变fe为v加es
如: life---lives leaf---leaves half---halves
knife---knives wolf-wolves wife---wives
(5)以o结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es
hero---heroes mango--- mangoes
potato-potatoes tomato---tomatoes
其余加s(目前所学的词)
zoo---zoos kilo---kilos
radio--radios photo---photos piano--pianos
(6)不规则名词单复数形式
如: child- children woman -- women
man ---men foot---feet tooth---teeth
有的可数名词单、复数形式相同,如 Japanese，Chinese, sheep
如: I have one sheep. He has two sheep.
2、不可数名词没有复数形式
不可数名词有:
(1)milk, water, juice, tea, ice;
(2)food, rice, meat, fish, chicken, bread, cheese
(3) paper, newspaper, hair, time, money, homework, housework
不可数名词的数量常表示如下
two bottles of milk a cup of juice
half a kilo of cheese a bag of rice
three kilos of meat some water
二、人称代词
人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语,宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。
主格
宾格

I
Me
我
We
Us
我们
You
You
你（们）
He
Him
他
She
Her
她
It
It
它
they
them
他们
We are going to have a picnic.
Let us go.
I miss everyone in China.
Who can help me?
What is he doing?
He is trying to get on the bus.
Look at him.
She can’t hear.
This dog helps her.
Tell me more about the great Wall.
三.物主代词
物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词后需跟名词,名词性物主代词后不用跟。
名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义
形容词性物主代词
名词词性物主代词

My
Mine
我的
Our
Ours
我们的
Your
Yours
你（们）的
His
His
他的
her
Hers
她的
Its
Its
它的
their
theirs
他们的
This is my book. This book is mine.
This is his bag. This bag is his.
Your watch is old ，but hers is new.
Thanksgiving is my favourite festival.
We say"Thank you for our food, family and friends.
四、疑问词
who谁 What什么 when什么时候
what time几点 where哪里 why为什么
how怎样 how much多少 how many多少
how old多大 whose谁的
what colour什么颜色 how long多长
1.对人物提问用who
Who gave it to you?
simon's family gave it to me
Who can help me?
I can help you.
2.对事物或做某事提问用what
What do you want? I want a hot dog.
What are you doing? I am reading a book.
What are you going to study?
I'm going to study English.
What are you going to do?
Were going to walk around the lak.
what's it about?
it's about anima.
3.对时间提问用when
When are you going to eat?
We re going to eat at half past twelve.
When was he born?
He was born in 1809.
4.对点钟提问用 what time
What time is it? It's twelve.
What time do you get up?
I get up at six o' clock.
5.对地点提问用 where
Where was he born? He was born in France.
Where are you? I am on the train.
Wheres your mum? She's at the supermarket.
6.对原因提问用why
Why are you wearing a raincoat?
Because it's going to rain.
7.对身体状况或方式提问用how
How are you? I'm fine.
How are you going to go to school?
i'm going to go to school by bus.
8.对价钱或不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
How much is it?
It's thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents.
How much milk do you want?
I want two bottles of milk.
9对可数名词的数量提问用 how many
How many books are there on the desk?
There are three books on the desk.
10.对年龄提问用 how old
How old are you? I'm twelve.
11.对“某人的”提问用 whose
Whose cap is this? It's amy's cap.
Whose pen is that? It's his pen
12.对颜色提问用 what colour
What colour is it? It's black.
13.对星期提问用 what day
What day is it today? It's Monday.
14. How long is it?
It's about six thousand seven hundred kilometers.
特殊疑问句语序:疑问词+一般疑问句语序?
例: How do you go to school?
疑问词(做主语)+谓语动词+……？
例: Who gave it to you?
五.时态
1.一般过去时
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间连用。如 yesterday(昨天), last week(上周),
last month(上个月), last year(去年)
two months ago(两个月前)等。
构成:(1)肯定句:主语+动词过去式+……
He made a video.
否定句:主语+ didnt+动词原形+……
He didn’ t make a video
一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+……
Did he make a video?
(2)be动词用was,were.否定句在was,were
后加not.一般疑问句把was,Were提前到
句首。
She was born in America.
She was not born in America.
Was she born in america?
2.现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作
构成:主语+am/is/are+现在分词+……
The birds are singing in the trees.
否定句在am/is/are后加not.
The birds are not singing in the trees
一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。
Are the birds singing in the trees?
3.一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。如 tomorrow(明天),next week(下周), next year(明年)等。
构成:(1)主语+will+动词原形+……
He will pick up the apple.
否定句在will后加not.
He will not pick up the apples.
一般疑问句把will提是前到句首
Will he pick up the apples?
(2)主语+ be going to+动词原形+……
We are going to stud y French.
否定句在amis/are后加not.
We are not going to study French.
一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。
Are you going to study french?
4.一般现在时
表示经常性,习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
构成:(1)主语+am/is/are+……
否定句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。
Helen Keller is a model for blind people and for you and me.
(2)肯定句:主语+动词原形+……
The ducks like it.
否定句:主语+don't+动词原形+……
The ducks don’ t like it.
一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+……
Do the ducks like it?
(3)肯定句:主语(三单)+动词第三人称单数形式+……
He likes noodles.
否定句:主语+ doesn't+动词原形+……
He doesn't like noodles
般疑问句:Does+主语+动词原形+……?
Does he like noodles.

每天一句英语
1 .Where can I check in?在哪儿办理登记手续?
2 .Where can I go for help?我该怎么办呢?
3.It' s been a long time.好久不见了。
4 .I’m under al ot of pressure我的压力很大
5.It' s only a matter of time.这只是时间问题。
6. I’m crazy about English.我非常喜欢英语。
7 .Thank you all the same.不管怎样还是要谢谢
8. Two heads are better than one.人多智广。
9. May I pay by credit card?我可以用信用卡付款吗？
10. Give me a call.给我打电话。
11. I bet you can.我确信你能做到。
12.Would you care for a drink?你要不要来点喝的?
13 .I’ll take care of it.我来办这件事。
14 .Who is in charge here?这里谁负责?
15 .It really comes in handy.有了它真是方便。
16 .You can' t complain.你该知足了。
17.Would you do me a favor?你能帮我一个忙
18. How often do you eat out?你隔多久在外面吃一次饭?
19. Could you drop me off at the airport? 你能载我到飞机场吗?
20. Keep your fingers crossed.为成功祈祷吧。
21.It' s time for dinner.该吃晚饭了。
22 .Thank you for everything感谢你做的一切。
23. How can I get in touch with you?我怎样能跟你联络上?
24. How is it going?情况怎么样?
25. You got a good deal.你买得真便宜。
26 .You did a good job.你干得很好
27 .Hold your horses.耐心点儿。
28 .If I were in your shoes.如果我站在你的立场
29. Pain past is pleasure.过去的痛苦即是快乐
30 .When will it be ready?什么时候能准备好?
31. I’ll play it by ear.我将随兴而定。
32 .May I try it on?我能试穿一下吗?
33. I enjoyed it very much.我非常喜欢。
34 .I’ll take it.我要了。
35. You never know.世事难料。
36 .We have al ot in common.我们有很多相同
37. It drives me crazy.它使我快要发疯了。
38.Don' t let me down.别让我失望
39.Don' t get me wrong别误会我。
40. Something must be done about it.必须得想个办法。
41 .I’ll keep my eyes open我会留意的。
42. Long time no see.好久不见
43. Dinner is on me.晚饭我请客。
44. I owe you one.我欠你一个人情。
45.It' s very popular.它很受欢迎。
46. there's a possibility.有这个可能。
47. I want to report a theft.我要报一宗盗窃案。
48.want to reserve a roon.我想预订一个房。
49 .I thought so,too.我也这样以为。
50. I suppose so.我想是这样。
51 .Could you speak slower?你能说得慢一点吗?
52 .Could you take a picture for me?你能帮我拍照吗?
53. This soup tastes great.这个汤非常美味。
54 .I’ll keep that in mind.我会记住的。
55. We are in the same boat.我们的处境相同。
56 .I haven' t the slightest idea我一点儿儿都不知道。
57. Take your time.慢慢来。
58.I’ m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我感到遗憾。
59.It' s hard to say.很难说
60.I’lll have to see about that.这事儿我得想想再定。
61.Let' s get to the point.让我们言归正传。
62.Let' s get together sometime有时间我们聚下吧。
63. I’ll pick up the tab.我来付帐。
64 .I’m on my way.我这就上路。
65.It' s just what I had in mind.这正是我想要的。
66. I’ll give you a hand.我来帮助你。
67 .May I ask you a question?我可以问一个问题吗?
68 .Where are you going?你去哪儿?
69 .I’ll walk you to the door.我送你到门口。
70. I’ll show you.我指给你看。
71 .I’ll take your advice.我接受你的忠告。
72.What' s on your mind?你在想什么呢?
73. Something' s come up.发生了一些事。
74. Easy come, easy go.来得容易,去得快。
75.That'sOK.可以。
76. Take care.请多保重
77. Forget it.算了吧。
78. we' ll see.再说吧。
79 .What can I do for you?要我帮忙吗?
80. I’m sorry I" m late.对不起,我迟到了。
81. Is that OK?这样可以吗?
82 .Cheer up!高兴起来!振作