初中英语非谓语动词的总结及练习.doc

初 中 英 语 非 谓 语 动 词 总 结 及 练 习非谓语动词的总结 非谓语动词有带to不定式，省to不定式，动词ing形式（动名词或叫现在分词），动词的过去分词。至于用动词的什么形式，要受句子含义及前面动词的制约，我们把相同规律的放在一起，有助于学生记忆并理解他们在句子中所做的成分。一、关于动词不定式（to+动词）（一）动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。或者说能够直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词有很多，我们要让学生对这些动词敏感，看到这些词我们应该想到下面的形式，所以我整理了比较具体的句子结构。（这些接动词不定式的动词均为及物动词）：记住下列形式：（仅限于初中范畴）1. want to do想要 2. .would like to do想要做3. hope to do希望做 4.wish to do希望做5. decide to do决定做 6.plan do计划做7. refuse to do拒绝做 8.fail to do做某事失败9. manage to do设法做 10.agree to do同意做11. learn to do学会做 12. happen to do偶然发生13. need to do需要做 14. pretend to do假装做15. offer to do提供做 16. promise to do允许做17. attempt to do企图做 18. .be sure to do确定做19. seem to do似乎要发生 20. expect to do期待做21. trydo ones best to do尽力做 22. cant wait to do 迫不及待做23.cant afford to do 负担不起做（二）动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。我们对能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词应该有清醒的认识。下面结构有利于学生掌握：1.want sb to do想让某人做 2.would like sb to do想让某人做3.wish sb to do希望某人做（不能用hope） 4.agree sb to do 同意某人做5.ask sb( not )to do让某人（不）做 6.tell sb to do告诉某人做7.allow sb to do允许某人做 8.advise sb to do建议某人做9.encourage sb to do鼓励某人做 10.expect sb to do期待某人做11.warn sb to do警告某人做 12.invite sb to do邀请某人做13.teach sb to do教会某人做（三）接省to不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：（使役动词）1.make sb do 使某人做 2.let sb.do让某人做3.have sb do使某人做 4.help sb do to do帮助某人做（四）、动词不定式在句中作主语动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而真正的主语移到句末。1.Its+adj+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样l Adj修饰文中的事情既to do sth时，人前的介词用for ；l 但是如果Adj修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of如：Its hard for me to learn english well.hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn english well，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是for sbIts kind of you to help mekind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良，所以介词用of sb2.It take适当形式 sb some time to do sth英语句子结构为花费 某人 时间 做某事译为：做某事花了某人多少时间。3.Its time to do sth该做某事（五）动词不定式在句中作表语。1、sbs job is to do sth. 某人的工作是做什么。2、sbs plan is to do sth. 某人的计划是做什么。3、sbs dream is to do sth. 某人的梦想是干什么。4、sbs hope is to do sth. 某人的希望是做什么。5、sbs wish is to do sth. 某人的愿望是干什么。6、sbs task is to do sth. 某人的任务是做什么。7、The impirtant thing is to finish the work on time.最重要的事是按时完成工作。（六）动词不定式在句中作定语。动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间4、something to eat 一些吃的东西5、something to drink 一些喝的东西6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作（七）疑问词+动词不定式，在英语句法中叫做疑问词短语，它可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语。常用到的疑问词短语举例有：What to do 做什么,when to go 什么时候走, where to go 去哪里，how to do it 如何来做此事，1、作主语 Where to go is a problem.去哪里还是个问题。2、作宾语 I dont know how to use the computer.我不知道如何使用电脑。3、作表语 The problem is what to do next.问题是下一步干什么。4、作宾语补足语 Can you tell me when to start tomorrow?你能告诉我明天什么时候出发吗？二、动词ing形式。动词ing 形式为动名词或现在分词时（一）动名词在句中可做宾语。能够接动名词做宾语的动词有如下：1.enjoy doing喜欢做 2.practice doing练习做3.finish doing做完某事 4.mind sbs doing介意某人做5.consider doing考虑做 6.continue doing继续做7.keep sb doing让某人一直做 8.miss doing错过做9.avoid doing避免做 10.spend(in)doing 花费时间或金钱做某事11.feel like doing想要做 12.give up doing放弃做13.suggest doing建议做 14.advise doing建议做 15.介词后如接动词一律为ing 形式，为介词宾语，简称介宾。特别注意的几个介词习惯于做be/get used to doing 坚持做stick to doing为做某事做出贡献make a contribution to doing期盼做某事 look forword to doing 注意做pay attention to doing（二）动名词在句中作宾语补足语1、keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事2、hear/ see/ watch/ notice/ find sb doing sth 按顺序的翻译为：听见、看见、注视、注意到、发现某人正在做某事（此处的ing形式为现在分词作宾补） （三）动名词在句中作表语 （四）动名词在句中作宾补（五）由动词ing形式构成的句型。1.be busy doing忙着做某事 2.be worth doing值得做3.cant help doing忍不住做 4.cant stand doing不能忍受做某事5.have trouble doing sth伴随状语have problems/difficulties doing做某事有问题/麻烦/困难6.有某人/某物正在做某事There be sb/sth doing sth7.当发生某事时when/while+doing8.have fun doing做某事过得开心10.what/how about doing sth?做某事怎么样？11.No+动名词表示禁令No smoking禁止吸烟No parking禁止停车12.go+动名词去进行某种活动或运动go shopping,去购物；go skating,去滑冰；go hiking去远足13.do some/the+动名词，指进行某种活动do some cleaning,搞卫生；do some washing 洗衣服；三、有些动词既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词，但意义不同，学生应该注意区分使用。1.stop to do停下来去做.(做什么事) 2.stop doing停止做（停止做）3.forget to do忘记做（还没做）4. forget doing忘记做过（做过了）5.remember to do记住去做 6. remember doing记住做过了7.try to do试图努力做 8.try doing实验做9.go on doing继续做同一件事 10.go on to do继续做另一件事11.like/hate to do喜欢/讨厌做 （表具体，一次性的动作）12.like/hatedoing喜欢/讨厌做 （习惯经常性）四.感官动词接非谓语动词形式.接动词ing，表示此动作正在发生.接省to不定式表示此动作经常发生或发生过了1. see sb doing 看见某人正在做 see sb do看见某人经常做2. hear sb doing听见某人正在做 hear sb do经常听见某人做3. find sb doing发现某人正在做 find sb do发现某人做了/正在做五、有些动词的用法有多样性，单独记忆（一）有些动词接动词作宾语时接动词ing形式，但接动词作宾语补足语时接不定式：1、advise建议、建议做某事为advise doing sth、建议某人做某事为advise sb to do sth、be allowed to do被允许做2、allow允许、允许做某事为 allow doing sth、允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth（二）有些动词具有不同的词义时，用法不同。1、have有，使have sth to do有某事做have sb do sth使某人做某事have sth done使某事被做，又译为“让某人来做某事”，相当于ask someone to do sth 这里的someone 不具体指出是何人。2、need需要，必须(既可以做实义动词，也可做情态动词)sb need to do某人（做主语）需要做某事sth need doing某事（做主语）需要被做被做如：He needs to buy a pen。The bike needs repairing含被动之意，相当于 The bike needs to be repaired。You neednt(不必)come。这里need为情态动词。3、dare 敢(既可以做实义动词，也可做情态动词)sb dont dare to do某人不敢做某事sth darent do某人不敢做某事六、动词过去分词作后置定语，有被动之意。1、一个叫的（人，地名）a boy called/named Jim a place called Liaoninga place called Dayushu2、 某人写的书 a book written by初中英语非谓语动词练习题一根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language? 2. He is good at _(swim).3. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself?4. Its spring now. its time _(plant) trees.5. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not _(play) in the street.7. Her son is too young _(dress) himself. 8. Lets _(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand).10. The little boy is not old enough_(read).11. I asked him _(show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for _(cut) things.13. I really dont know what _(do) next.14. I often hear people _(say) “_(see) is_(believe)”.15. Youd better _(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing _(worry) about.17. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?18. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.19. _(tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully.21. Thank you very much for _(help) us.22. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.23. Would you like _(climb) the mountain with me?24. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.25.We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26. What about _(go) out for a walk?II选择填空。（ ）1.Would you please _ the door for me? A. holding B. not to hold C. hold D. held（ ）2.Seeing an old man getting off the train, she hurried over _ things for him. A carrying B. to carry C. carried D. for carrying（ ）3.Wed really like you _ to the party tonight. A.come B. to come C. will come D. should come（ ）4.We can do nothing but _ the experiment. A.to repeat B. repeat C. repeating D. repeated（ ）5.Have you got any thing _ about this matter? A.saying B. to say C. said D. say（ ）6.He was not _ try it again. A. such a fool as to B. so a fool as to C. a fool such as to D. a fool so as to（ ）7.He was too excited _. A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep（ ）8.We cant have him _ like that all day. A.to work B. working C. to be worked D. work（ ）9.She were often heard _ this song when she was happy. A. sang B. singing C. sung D. to be singing（ ）10.The train was seen _ at a very high speed toward the industrial center. A.travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveling（ ）11.Well soon have a person _ with us. A. to work B. working C. worked D. works（ ）12._ has not been decided yet. A.To start when B. Why to start C. When to start D. Start to where（ ）13. Do you think it difficult _? A. for me to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so（ ）14. She keeps telling us _. A. what to do B. doing what C. what is doing D. do what（ ）15. _ is not known. A. Whom to begin the running test B. When to begin the running test C. When the running test begin D. How begin to the running test（ ）16. _ the job alone is impossible. A.To him to do B. For him doing C. For him to do D. For he to do （ ）17. _ it should be made clear. A What to do B. Why to do C. Whom to do D. When can do（ ）18.Our house needs _ before the rainy season arrives. A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing（ ）19.I havent decided which hotel _. A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying（ ）20.I was almost asleep when I heard someone _ at the door. A. knock B. to knock C. knocked D. being knocked（ ）21.I often spent much money _ books. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. for buying（ ）22.If you practice _ English whenever you can, you will soon speak well. A. talking B. going speak C. speaking D. to speak（ ）23.We are tired of _ the same problem all the time. A. discussing B. to discuss C. discussing for D. discuss（ ）24.She usually forgets _ the door, but she remembered _ it yesterday. A.to shutto shut B. shuttingshutting C. to shutshutting D. shuttingto shut（ ）25.I _ a bus to school when it was raining.a. am used to take b. used to taking c. use to take d. was used to taking（ ）26. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating（ ）27. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had（ ）28. Lily, keep the window _. The sandstorm hasnt stopped yet. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened（ ）29. A policeman saw two thieves _ a girls mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen（ ）30. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played（ ）31. They were made _ fourteen hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work（ ）32. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made（ ）33. He stood there for two hours _ the game. A. watched B. watching C. is watching D. was watching（ ）34. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out（ ）35. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned（ ）36. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with（ ）37. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat（ ）38. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done（ ）39. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with（ ）40. -Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall “NO _”. -Oh, Im sorry. Ill never do it again. A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED（ ）41. -Boys and girls, will you please _ the park this afternoon? -OK. A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up（ ）42. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _ the earth away. A. blow B. blowing C. blew D. to blow（ ）43. How about _? A. to go out for a walk B. go swimming in the river C. visiting the sick children in the hospital D. to having lunch in the restaurant（ ）44. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag. A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry（ ）45. Have you decided _? A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go（ ）46. Her hope _ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games. A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win（ ）47. The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds（ ）48. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with（ ）49. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish. A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave（ ）50. Jenny is interested in _ in her free time. A. listened to the radio B. reading magazines C. watch TV D. plays tennis（ ）51. The policeman warned the young man_ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive（ ）52. What do you think is the best way _the wild animals? A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect（ ）53. Id rather _ on the land _ in a factory. A. work; than work B. work; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work（ ）54. They are looking forward to _ all over the world. A. travel B. traveled C. traveling D. be traveled（ ）55. Would you mind _ because therere so many children _ here? A. smoke; play B. smoking; playing C. not smoking; play D. not smoking; playing（ ）56. _ English is much easier than speaking it. A. Read B. To read C. Reading D. Reads（ ）57. When he was in the office, he preferred _ something _ nothing. A. to do; than do B. to do; rather than C. doing; rather than doing D. doing; to doing（ ）58. Its too hot today. Why not _ your coat? A. taken off B. to take off C. take off D. taking off（ ）59. I find _ him all about it. A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell10