初中英语非谓语动词讲解及练习u.doc

非谓语动词【非谓语动词】 构成：（to）+动词原形 动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化） 分词 用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式一、 动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。二、 动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。例题 ( )1. Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldnt be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place_. A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _to your studies with more energy. A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearing( )8. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics. A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be( )9.Dont forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I wont. A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.What about _a rest? OK. Lets go out and have a walk. A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I dont know _it in my small house. Youre supposed to put it in the living room. A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put ( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _what was wrong with him. A: to run; to see B: running; seeing C: running; to see( )13. May I have a rest? I have already finished _the report. A: write B: writing C: to write D: written ( )14.I feel a bit hungry now. Why not _for dinner with us? A: go B: did you go C: to go D: do you go练习( )1. Granny often tells us _water in our daily life. A: save B: saving C: to save D: saves( )2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email. A: write B: to write C: writing D: wrote( )3.We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. Really? Will you please show me _it? A: how to use B: what to use C: how can I use D: what can I use( )4.Wheres your brother now，Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. A: playing；dont do so B: playing；not to do so C: play；to do so ( )5. As teenagers, were old enough _with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A: to help B: helping C: helped( )6. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _books in the classroom. A: read B: to read C: reads( )7 Mrs. Smith made her students _the compositions three times a week. A: write B: to write C: written D: writing( )8.Tom often makes his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.A: cry; to cry B: to cry; cry C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry( )9. Youd better _ too much time playing computer games. A: dont spend B: not to spend C: to not spend D: not spend( )10. More and more young people are trying to do something _the old. A: served B: to serve C: serve D: serves( )11. Why not _ an English club to practice _ English? A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking( )12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _ me go in first. A. to let B. to tell C. to allow D. to ask( )13. She saw some boys _ soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom. A. played B. to play C. playing ( )14. How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home C. staying at home; go out D. Going out; stay at home ( )15. Its a good habit _ every day. A. to keep doing exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much noise D. to too much ( )16. Its hot. Would you mind my _ the window. _. Do it as you like, please! A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. closing; Of course D. Open; Good idea ( )17. Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go ( )18. The house was so dirty. They decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. cleaning up( )19. I heard someone _ the door and . A. open; come in B. to open; to come in C. open; come into D. to open; to come into( )20. The girl was heard _ the piano in the next room. A. plays B. to play C. played D. play23 I.选择填空。( )1. It is not easy _ maths. A. learns B. learn C. to learn D. learned( )2. It is very nice _ you to _ me about it. A. for , tell B. of , say C. to , speak D. of , tell( )3. Its too late. Its impossible _ there by nine. A. of him to get B. for him to get C. him to get D. for him getting( )4. John knows _ a computer. A. how to use B. how use C. how uses D. how to using( )5. Our teacher told us _ . A. careful B. be careful C. to be careful D. to be carefully( )6. He asked me _ leave him alone here. A. dont B. not to C. not D. doesnt ( )7. I have a lot of things _ this weekend. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do( )8. There is a chair _ . A. to sit B. sitting on C. to sit on D. sit in( )9. The question is easy _ . A. answering B. answer C. to answer D. answered( )10. My brother is not strong enough _ the big tree. A. carries B. carried C. to carry D. going( )11. He is too young _ to school . A. to go B. not to go C. to saying D. didnt say( )12. We made a fire _ warm ourselves up. A. in order B. to C. so as D. so that( )13. My wish is _ a doctor. A. be B. to be C. being D. been( )14. Come on! Please _ run! A. get ready for B. got ready for C. get ready to D. got ready to( )15. Our teacher let us _ the composition every other line. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written( )16. You had better _ here to help us. A. stay B. staying C. to stay D. stayed( )17. I have finished _ the novel . A. read B. to read C. reading D. being read( )18. _ on the moon is not easy. A. Walk B. Walked C. Doing walking D. Walking ( )19. Please remember _ your book next week. A. to bring B. bringing C. brought D. bring( )20. I remember _ you somewhere before. A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. saw( )21. The film is worth _ . A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to seeing( )22. The boy sat over there without _ a word. A. say B. saying C. said D. to say( )23. I saw him _ on the playground when I entered the school. A. running B. ran C. to run D. runing( )24. He sat at the table, _ a new magazine. A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading( )25. He had his bike _ . A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair( )26. He stood up to make himself _ . A. see B. seen C. seeing D. saw II.完成下列句子，使意思相同，一空一词。1. She is so old that she cant work. She is too old _ _ .2. The police said to the thief, “Put up your hands!” The police told the thief _ _ up his hands.3. I dont know how I can get to the station. I dont know _ _ get to the station.4. He said he would tidy the room. He said he would have the room _ _ .5. Im so strong that I can carry the heavy tree. Im strong _ _ carry the heavy tree.6. Tom went to Paris for his holidays. Tom went to Paris _ _ his holidays.7. Mac hopes he can visit China one day. He hopes _ _ China one day.8. Do you say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?9. This boy is a student. His name is Jack. The boy _ _ is a student.10. Toms mother saw that he was sitting on some eggs. Toms mother saw _ _ on some eggs.11. I helped her with her English. I helped her _ _ English.(A) 用括号中的动词适当形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news.2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.3.You cant make him _ (do) what you want.4.I dont know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (think) Im a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upstairs?7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river.9.I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed?11.If he doesnt know, how _ (use) the recorder, youd better _ (show) him.12.He is the last one _ (leave) the office every day.13.Its bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.15.She is too ill _ (go) to school.(B) 填入动名词的适当形式.1.Can you imagine yourself _in a lonely island? (stay) 2.I cant understand your _at that poor child.(laugh) 3.She didnt mind _overtime.(work) 4.To make a living, he tried _, _,and various other things, but he had failed in all .(write; paint) 5.We are looking forward to Marys_. (come) .6.She was praised for _ the life of the child.(save) 7.She ought to be praised instead of _ (criticize). 8.Is there any possibility of our _the championship?(win) 9.He came to the party without _(invite) 10. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.11. Knives are used for _(cut) things.12. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?13. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.14. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully.15. Thank you very much for _(help) us.16. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.17. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.18. Do you remember _(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday?19. We couldn