初二上期m2到二到三T.doc

M2知识要点总结
一、重点单词(单词表)
⑴population人口，全体居民(不能用复数，做主谓用三单)(例:The population of的the city is 3 million)⑵millon百万①表具体数不需要s,of(例:three million trees/four million boys)②表模糊数s,of同是有(millions of…成百万的，上百万的)⑶pretty①非常，很，相当地(副词→形/动)(例:pretty good/pretty cold/pretty comfortable)②漂亮的(形容词)⑷get变成，成为(例:get warm/get cool/It is gettting cooler.)⑸①especially特别，尤其，格外(adv.副词)→especial(adj.形容词)(例:I don`t like get up early,especially in winter)②specially专门地，特意地(副词)⑹①be famous for(因…出名)(例：The city is famous for him.)②be famous as(作为…而出名)(He is famous as a writer.)③well-known出名的，众所周知的⑺ a university一所大学⑻an island一个岛屿⑼low矮的,低的→(反)high高的⑽an umbrella一把伞⑾countryside乡下~country国家;国民;乡下
****单词练习*****
(一) 选择填空
①The population of Beijing_____(am/is/are)more than ten million.
②The city has a population of three ______(million/millions)③There are_______(three millions/million of/millions of)people in Lesan.
④Yanjing is famous ____(for/as)LiaoPing.
⑤There is_____(a/an)university in my hometown.
⑥It is ____(a/an)island.
⑦Please bring____(a/an )umbrella with you.
二、 （一）单元重点短语，句子等
⑴many other…(许多其它的…/很多其它的 …)⑵two metres high两米高⑶three metres long⑷two kilometres wide两千米宽⑸How was your weekend?你的周末过得怎么样?⑹on the coast(of…)(在…)海岸边/海岸线上⑺about 30 years ago在30年前⑻in fact实际上，实事上⑼①in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代②in 1980在1980年⑽get bigger and busier变得更大更繁华⑾①some day将来的某一天,有一天(将来时)(例:He will come back some day)②one day“将来的某一天”,“过去的某一天”(例:You will be successful one day./One day,he was ill.)⑿㈠as+形容词/副词(原级)+as(…与…一样…)(例:①I run as fast as you②Tom sings as well as Jim③He is as tall as her④My shoes are as cheap as Tom`s)㈡not as(so）+原级+as(…不如…)（例:①I am not as young as you我不如你年轻=I am older than you. ②She doesn`t sing as well as Tom。她唱歌不如汤姆=Tom sings better than her.)⒀over超过,比…多=more than(例:I have over five yuan.=I have more than five yuan.)⒁much wider宽得多***“much+比较级”译为“…得多”*****(例:I am much taller than you.She is much fatter than Jim.)⒂go there 去哪儿(here/therehome省介词)⒃①remember to do sth记住(得)将要干…(例:I remember to meet you at the airport 我记得要在机场接你 )②remember doing sth记得已干过某事(例:I remembered meeting him at the airport我记得已在机场接过他 )⒄The population人口 of Shenzhen is 更多larger than that (代替前面相同部分)of the city⒅Beijing is smaller in population than Sbenzhen在人口方面北京的人口比深圳少****人口的多少要用large,big与small*****
⒆population人口
㈠作主语,谓用单数(例:The population of the city is one million.)
㈡表示“某地有多少人口”的表达方式
①The population of +某地+ be +数词(该句型中的人口前用the)
②某地+has a population of +数词(该句型前的人口前用a)
(例:The population of Australia is more than twenty milliom.=Australia has a population of more than twenty millin. )
㈢形容人口(population)多或少用large,big或small,不能用many,few,much或little
(例:The population of China is very large中国的人口很多.)
The population of the city is very small.
㈣询问“某地有多少人口”时要用句型“How large is the population of…？”或“What `s the population of …？”
(例:What`s the population of Nanjing?=How large is the population of Nanjing?)
**How many people are there in Nanjing?→There are__people in Nanjing.**
（二）单元重点短语，句子等
⑴in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方(部)⑵in the east/south/west/north of…(在…的东/南/西/北方(部))(例:Shanghai is in the east of China.包含关系)
⑶on the east/south/west/north of…(在…的东/南/西/北方(部))(例:Hunan is on the west of Jiangxi.两地接壤 )
⑷to the east/south/west/north of…(在…的东/南/西/北方(部))(例:Japan is to the east of China.两地有距离间隔) ⑸by被/由…创作(例:I like the books by NuXun )⑹on the River Cam在康河河畔(on the Changjing River)⑺a population of…(…的人口)⑻①be famous for(因…而出名)②be famous as(作为…而出名)⑼such as 比如，例如⑽There are lots of old buildings and churches to的 visit.这儿有许多可以参观的古老的建筑和教堂.(例:I have lots of homework to 的do./Beijing is a place to play.)⑾enjoy trips along沿着 the river by boat(喜欢乘船沿河旅行)⑿on the River Thames在泰晤士河畔⒀seven and a half million 750万⒁part of an island一个岛的部分⒂on the coast海岸上⒃the areas of low mountains低矮的山区⒄pretty villages美丽的村庄⒅any time of the year在一年的任何时候⒆bring sth with sb…随身携带…(He often brings a book with him.)⒇
(三)单元重点短语，句子等
①The US has a large很多 population .but India`s population is larger更多②The population of Tianjin is smaller更少 than that of Shanghai.③more famous更出名
④数词+and a half+名词=数词+名词 and a half
(例:两周半two and a half weeks=two weeks and a half///
一年半:one and a half years= one year and half)

三、形容词或副词的比较级(一)
㈠级别: 比较级
㈡用法:表示“A与B相比较，一个比另一个更…”<两者相比>
㈢ 变化规则: ①规则变化P123②不规则变化P125
㈣基本句型①将两者作某一方面的比较时:
“A + 动词+ 形/副比较级(短语) +than +B”
例:I am older than you .
He is taller than you.
This cake is nicer than that one.
My desk is bigger than yours.
These bags are heavier than those bags.
Jim runs faster than Mike.
We get up earlier than. You.
Tom jumped higher than Sam.
I am a better boy than you.
表示 "A比B更…"
②进行选择性比较时,可用
“Which/who/whose…+ 动词+形/副比较级, A or B ?”
Who is older ,you or I?
Who is taller ,you or He?
Which cake is nicer ,this one or that one
Whose desk is bigger , yours or mine?
Which bags are heavier , these ones or those ones?
Who runs faster , Jim or Mike?
Who jumped higher , Tom or Sam?
表示“A和B哪个/哪些/谁更…”
***比较级前一般不加the****
㈤比较级标志性单词"than"，"much<…得多>",”a little<…一点儿>”,”even<甚至/更多>”,”a lot <…得多>”等
例:①I am older than you
②He is much younger than Tom
③Tom is a little taller than Sam.
④Shw is even taller than her mother⑤I am feeling a lot better.
⑥Youe room is a lot bigger than mine.
******练习******
(一) 用所给词的正确形式填空(方法①看是否两比较②看标志性单词③看语气<上下文)>
⒈Beijing is _____(busy)_than Lesan.
_⒉Is HomgKong (big）than Xianmen?
3.Which is ___ (heavy),an elephant or a tiger?
4.It`s old today.But it much (cold) tomorrow.
5.The things are much (light) on the moon than on the earch地球
(二)翻译①这条河比那条河宽得多.This river is _ than that one.
②他看上出甚至你我年轻He looks ____ ______than me.
③我比你高一点儿I am ____ ____ _____ than you.
(三)单选 ①It is ______hot in summer
A. very B.much C.even
②My home town is _____ bigger than before.
A. much B.more C.too
③It is going to be even______
A.cool B.cooler B.cooller
(四)写出下列的比较级
long_____ young____ cheap______ strong____ many___
nice_____blue______safe_____fine_______good____
big_____hot____fat____thin____red____glad____wet__
yellow____new_____slow______ few____low____clever___
busy_____easy_____heavy______early_____happy_____
healthy________funny_____noisy______bad____little___
四、形容词或副词原级
㈠级别：原形
㈡用法:不比较
㈢变化规则:形容词/副词的原形不变
㈣基本句型①A + 动+ 形/副原形
I am youg.
You are old .
He runs fast.
Tom got up early.
②A +动+ as +形/副原级+ as +B →“A与B一样……”
I run as fast as you
Tom sings as well as Jim
He is as tall as her
My shoes are as cheap as Tom`s
******not as(so）+原级+as(…不如…)******
（例:I am not as young as you我不如你年轻=I am older than you. ////She doesn`t sing as well as Tom。她唱歌不如汤姆=Tom sings better than her.
㈤原级标志性单词:too太//very非常//quite十分，很//pretty相当地，非常，很//so如此//as…as 等等
****练习******翻译①This bag is ___ _____太大
②You are very______好.③
④It is ____ ____如此地重
⑤她唱得和我一样好She sing as ___ ____ me.
选择⑥I am ____ fatter than you.
A;much B.too C.very D.so
⑦He is very _______
A. taller B. buey C.fatter D.fater.
⑧He is as _______as you
A. thin B.thinner C.thiner
五、形容词或副词的比较级特殊句式
(一)“the+比较级+A,the 比较级+B”表示B随着A越…越…
①The busier I am ,the happier I feel.我越忙，就感到越高兴
②The more you read,the more you know.你读得越多，就知道得越多
③The more you practise ,the easier it becomes.
④The harder you study,the more you learn你越努力，就学得越多
(二)“比较级 and 比较级”表示“越来越…”
Its is getting cooler and cooler.
When winter comes,days get longer and longer.
(三)“the +比较级 + of the two…”表示“两者之间较(更)……”
She is the taller of the two girls她是两个女孩中较高的
Lucy is the taller of the twins双胞胎
(四)“A +be +数词 year(s) older than B”表示“A比B大…多少岁” He is two years older than Tom.→He is 13 years old. Tom is 11 years old.
(五)“比较级+than+any other +单数可数名词 + in…”,”用于在同一范围内…比其它任何一个更…”
①Tony is taller than any 任何other其他的 boy in his class.
托尼比他班里的其他任何一个男孩都高
***不同范围比any后可不要other*****
②The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China在中国，长江比任何一条其他的河都长(同范围)
③The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India长江比印度的任何一条河都长(不同范围比)
(六)比较对象要相呼应，相比内容相同,相比较的对象可用”one,that ,those,do”代替
①The price of meat is higher than that of rice.
②In spring ,the weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai
③The buildings in Shenzhen are taller than those in my hometown.
④The population of India is smaller than that of China.
⑤The streets in Beijing are wider than those in Jingyan.⑥The book in my hand is newer than the one on the desk.
⑦This question is easier than that one.