新概念英语第二册笔记-第91课.doc

精品教育Lesson 91 Three men in a basket 三人同篮【Text】A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars. When the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station! As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing!【课文翻译】一个飞行员发现了一只气球，它像是正飞往附近的一个皇家空军基地。他马上把情况报告 了该基地，但那里的人没有一个能解释这到底是怎么回事。控制塔上的官员得知这一消息后，非常气愤，因为气球有可能给飞机造成极大的危险。他说可能有人正对 基地进行侦察，因此命令那个飞行员跟踪那个奇怪的飞行物。飞行员设法绕着气球飞了一阵。他看清了气球下面有3个人呆在一只筐里，其中一个举着望远镜。当气 球飞临基地上空时，飞行员看见有一个人在拍照。不久，气球开始降落，在一个停机坪附近着了陆。警察被召来了，但他们却不能逮捕任何人，因为筐里是两名国会 议员和一名基地的指挥官！正如指挥官后来解释的那样，基地的这半边不知道那半边正在干什么！New words and expressions 生词和短语balloon   n. 气球                 royal   adj. 皇家spy   v. 侦察                     track   n. 轨迹，踪迹binoculars   n. 望远镜crew   n. 全体工作人员【生词讲解】1. balloon 1） n. 气球、轻气球hoist a balloon    raise a balloon   升起气球an observation balloon  观测气球2） n.（玩具的） 气球blow up balloon 吹气球     ； eg：The balloon burst . 气球爆炸了。2. royal 1） adj. 皇家的、皇室的 the Royal Navy  英国皇家海军2） adj. 王的、王室的、女王的a royal place 王宫  ； a royal family 王室 ； royal power 王权3）（口语）极好的、极佳的    a royal welcome  盛大的欢迎；  a royal feast  盛宴have a royal time   尽欢,玩得极为愉快3. spy  1）v. 侦察   spy on sth spy upon sth spy into sth  侦察某事物eg：The police have been spying on the gangs movements.警方正在监视那团伙的动静. spy doing sth  发现某人正在做某事eg：I spied someone coming up the slope.我发现有人正在走上斜坡。2） n. 间谍、密探、情报员eg：He was arrested as an industrial say. 他由于是工业间谍被捕了。4. track 1） n.（人、动物、车等的） 轨迹，踪迹tire tracks  轮胎痕迹eg：The hunter followed the bears tracks. 猎人跟着熊的足迹。2） n.（人、动物等踏成的）  小径、小道eg：A track runs through the grove. 一条小路穿过了小树林。3） n. 路线、航线    the track of the storm  暴风雨的线路4） n. 惯例、常规   keep to the beaten track  循规蹈矩go off the beaten track  打破常规5） 铁轨、轨道a single track  单轨； a double track 双轨run off the track  出轨  jump the track 5.binoculars  n. 望远镜field-glass   望远镜binocular     adj. 双眼的、双眼用的【课文讲解】1. A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. notice1) n.通知，通告eg: The bar is closed until further notice.酒吧现已停业，开业时间另行通知。2) 辞职报告eg: He handed in his notice last week.他上星期递了辞呈。3) v.注意到，留心eg: I noticed that he left early.我注意到他走得早。eg: I noticed that he has dyed his hair.我注意到他染了头发。4) 看见，发现eg: Sorry,I didn't notice you.对不起，我没看见你。not take any notice of sb./sth.不理会某人/某事物Don't take any notice of what he says.别理会他的话。 make for 1） 向.放向前进、进行eg：The audience made for the exits when the alarm sounded.警报响起，观众涌进出口。2） 有助于、促进eg：Cultural exchange makes for better understanding .文化交流有助于更好的理解。 make out 1） 免强辨认出、免强认出eg：She has grown up and I cant make her out any more.她已经长大了，我都认不出她了。eg：I cant make out his writing. 我无法辨认出他的字迹。2） 理解eg：I could not make out what he said. 我搞不懂他说什么3） 重写eg：Please make out a fresh copy. 请重填一张。 make up 1） 编造eg：He made up a story about two men and s horse .他编造了一个有关于两个男人和马的故事。2） 化妆eg：She spends hours making up in front of the mirror.她一连几个小时坐在镜子前化妆。 make up for  弥补eg：I must make up for the time I lost this morning.我们必须弥补今天早上失去的时间。 seem to be doing 似乎正在进行某事seemed to be making for 为不定式的进行式，表示正在进行的动作：eg: They seem to be talking about something important.他们似乎正在谈论某件重要的事情。eg: She seems to be looking for somebody/something.她似乎正在找人/什么东西。 nearby 附近的，在附近eg: Do you live nearby/near, don't you?你住在附近是吗？adj.但是只表示空间的话，就只能用nearby，而near表示的是时间the near future不久的将来a nearby village附近的村子2. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. be able to1) can (could) 表示能力、可能, 只用于现在式和过去式can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以做。   He is only four , but he can read.2）因为can不能和其他助动词连用，所以表示将来式时用will be able to3）be able to可以用于各种时态。只用be able to的情况：a. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/ were able to,不能用could。eg: The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out4）Can表示允许（和may意思相近）常见于口语。eg: Can (May) I come in? 我能进来吗？eg: Can I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？5）表可能性eg: Can the news be true? It cant be true. eg: What can he possibly mean? mystery1) n.可数 神秘的事物。奥秘。谜the mysteries of life生命的奥秘eg: It's a mystery to me why they didn't choose him.他们为什么不选择他对我来说是个谜。可做定语a mystery guest一个神秘的客人eg: He's a bit of a mystery.他这人有点来历不明。故做神秘eg: You're full of mystery tonight. What's going on?你今天晚上很神秘。怎么回事？adj.mysterious神秘的adv.mysteriously神秘地，奇怪地eg: Mysteriously, there was no anwer when I rang.真怪，我按了铃但没人应。3.The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft.He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. might be doing sth表示对正在进行的动作的推测（cf第19 课语法）：eg: What can Tom be doing in that room?    汤姆会在那个房间里干什么呢？    He might be reading / watching TV.    他或许在看书看电视。 keep track of  跟踪keep track of 为固定短语，表示“追踪”、“保持联系”、“记录”等（其反义词为 lose track of）：eg: Keep track of the man wearing a grey hat. He looks suspicious to me.    跟踪那个戴顶灰帽子的人。我觉得他看上去可疑。eg: She managed to keep track of her friends.    她设法保持了与朋友们的联系。 object 1） n. 物体、东西eg：Whats that strange object in the box ？那是什么奇怪的东西在箱子里吗？eg：I could see a shining object in the sky . 我可以看到一个物体在天空中闪耀。2）n.对象、目标 an object of interest  感兴趣的内容 ；an object of pity  同情的目标 / 对象3） n. 目的、目标 （aim , purpose） eg：His object in life is to be rich. 他的人生目标就是富有。eg：Whats the object of your visit ？ 你来访的目的是什么？4. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. manage to do sth 设法做成某事 circle1）v. 绕行、环绕eg：The airplane circled the airport. 飞机在机场上空盘旋eg：A big bird was circling around in the air. 一只大鸟在空中盘旋。2） n. 圆 （圈）     draw a circle   画一个圆圈circular    adj. 圆形的     a circular table  圆桌a circular ticket  环程票 ；  a circular tour  环程旅行5. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars. make out 认出、辨认出   recognize a pair of binoculars   一副双筒望远镜在汉语里有许多简单的物品，在英语里则需要成双成对的表达：eg: a pair of glasses (scissors, spectacles, trousers, pants, pliers)(一副眼镜，一把剪刀，一副眼镜，一条裤子，一条裤子，一把剪钳)等。英语的 . of . 结构既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，如：a piece of paper, a piece of information, an article of clothes(一张纸，一条消息，一件衣物)。汉语里的表示度量衡的量词在英语里可以找到相应的表达结构，即 . of .。比如：a cup of water, a packet of cigarettes, a basket of vegetables(一杯水，一盒香烟，一篮子蔬菜)。      最有意思的就是英语关于各种动物群体的称呼了，各不相同。如：an army of elephants(一群大象); a pack / throng of wolves(一群狼); a batch of dogs(一群狗);a brood of chicks(一群小鸡); a hive of bees(一群蜜蜂); a host of monkeys(一群猴子);a school of fish(一群鱼); a swarm of locusts(一群蝗虫);a team / field of horses(一群马); a gang of elks(一群驼鹿)等等。汉语中的形象量词在英语里也能找到对应，如：a head of garlic(一头蒜); a drop of water(一滴水); a flood of moonlight(一片月光);a wisp of smoke(一缕烟); a pane of glass(一块玻璃); a layer of rock(一层岩石);a cloud of smoke(一团烟雾); a beam of light(一束光线); a blade of grass(一片草叶);a block of wood(一块木头); a cube of sugar(一块方糖); a roll of newspaper(一卷报纸);a cone of icecream(一个蛋卷冰淇淋); a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力);a stack of hay(一堆乾草); a loaf of bread(一个面包); a grain of rice(一粒米);a cake of soap(一块肥皂)6. When the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. see sb doing 看见某人正做某事  ；    see sb do看见某人做完某事1)  see sb doing 看到某人正在做某事eg: I saw him playing basketball on the playground.2)  see sb do 强调动作的全过程(要注意这里的do 是省略to的不定式)eg: I saw him go into that room.    如果变为被动to不省略eg: He was seen to go into that room.3)  see sb done 表宾语和动词之间是被动的关系。eg: I saw him tied to a tree yesterday.    我昨天看见他被绑在一棵树上了。如果全过程用do, 过程中的一瞬间用doing另外还有类似的词有 : smell, feel, hear, watch, notice等此类词还有:see,watch,look at,observe,hear, listen to,feel,smell,feel,noticehear sb doing  听见某人正做某事   ； hear sb do 听见某人做完了某事observe sb doing  观察某人正做某事   observe sb do 观察某人做完了某事 take photographs  拍照7. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield.   descend 下降、下来ascend  send vi.渐渐上升，升高 vt.攀登，登上come down  (口)下来    go down   descend + adv.  下降, 降临eg：The elevator descended slowly. 电梯慢慢降下来。eg：The path descents sharply. 小路陡然的急剧下降。descend  + n. eg: I descended the staircase.  我走下楼梯。descend from 传下来eg：This sword descends from our ancestors. 这把剑是从祖先传下来的。descend from father to son  父子相传be descended from 是.的后裔、后代descent  n. 世袭、血统  ；  descendant  子孙 ； ancestor 祖先8. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone. call in 招集call in在这里表示召来.eg: Sam is sick. We'd better call in a doctor.    Sam生病了。我们最好请医生来。邀请召来eg: How many friends did you call in?     你邀请了多少朋友？到某人的家、办公处等拜访，访问eg: May I call in this evening?     我可以在今天晚上来访问吗？  arrest sb  逮捕某人You are under arrest.你被捕了。eg: You are under arrest for so and so reason. You have the right to remain silent. Anything what you say can and will be used in the court of law against you.你因为某种原因被拘捕,你有权保持沉默。你所说的一切都会成为呈堂证供9.for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station!  Members of Parliament  国会议员  Commanding Officer  指挥官10. As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing! one the other   一个、另一个 (两者)one half the other half  这一半边、另一半边5.  make out 6.  see sb doing sth 7.  take photographs8.  be called in【关键词组摘录】1.  seem to be doing sth          2.  be a great danger to 3.  keep track of 4.  manage to do sth【Key structures】  can , be able,  manage to 的用法can 能够 ；  be able  有能力做某事  ； manage to  设法成功做成某事1. 用can , be able来填空： 1）can you show me the way to the station please ？could you show me the way to the station please ？2）I gave him a few lessons and he could soon swim . I gave him a few lessons and he was soon able to swim .3）They were able to jump into the sea before the boat sank.船沉没前他们能够跳进大海。4）You can not leave this room until you get permission .直到你获得许可，否则你不能离开这个房间【Special Difficulties】动词 make 的一些短语  Exercise ：填空：a. I lost my lecture note and had to make out a new set .b. I cant make out what youve written.c. When it got dark we made for home .d. My daughter often make up stories of her own.e. How can you make up for all those lessons you missed ？Exercise：1.A pilot noticed a balloon    c   for a royal Force Station .a. make    b. to make   c. making    d. in making 2.He was angry when he heard the news .He was angry   c  the news . a. with hearing      b. in hearing c. on hearing       d. for hearing .3. He could make out three men . Thats how many he could  b   .a. find  找到      b. see 看见、辨认出c. follow  跟随    d. watch 看守、观看4. On turning the corner , we saw the road    d  steeply .a. departing   离开，出发       b. depressing   令人沮丧的c. decreasing   递减的, 减少的  d. descending   下降的;下行的;梯降的谚语1. You cant teach an old dog tricks .老狗学不了新把戏；老年人很难适应新事物(谚)(无法)改变老人的想法、做法等. 语法点精讲：反意疑问句1.反意疑问句的形式反意疑问句一般有以下两种形式：肯定陈述句+否定反意疑问句。This pencil is red, isn't it?否定陈述句+肯定反意疑问句。This pencil isn't red, is it?2.反意疑问句的用法1）当陈述部分是there存在句时，反意疑问部分的主语用there。eg: There aren't a lot of flowers in the garden in winter, are there?eg: There existed different oppinions on this issue, didn't there?2）当陈述部分是以不定代词one作主语时，反意疑问句的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场合用you。例如：One cannot succeed at this, can one?One cannot succeed at this, can you?3）当陈述部分是I'm.结构时，反意疑问部分一般用aren't I。例如：I am a student,aren't I?4）当陈述部分是一个带有that引导的宾语从句的复合结构时，反意疑问部分一般根据主句的主语和谓语动词而定.例如：You told me (that)I had passed the exam, didn't you?He says that everybody in our class will attend the meeting, dosen't he?但是，当陈述部分的主句是I think,I suppose,I believe等结构时，反意疑问部分则往往由that从句中的主语和谓语动词决定，并且要注意否定的转移。例如：I believe(that)it is going to rain, isn't it?I don't think (that)be will come, will he?5）当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，反意疑问部分要根据have的意义及形式而定。a.当have表示“所有”含义时，反意疑部厅以用have形式，也可以用do形式。例如：He has a book in his hand, hasn't he?He has a book in his hand, doesn't he?b.当陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式时，反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如：You haven't a car, have you?You don't have any money with you, do you?c. 当have不表示“所有”含义而表示其他含义时，反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如：We had a good time in the vacation,didn't we?He has his breakfast at seven everyday,doesn't he?You have to get up early tomorrow,don't you?6）当陈述部分带有never,nothing,nowthere,seldom,hardly,rarely,few,little等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。例如：The summit meeting never took place, did it?You can hardly believe what he said, can you?There is little ink in the bottle, is there?Few people know this place, do they?当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有un-，in-，dis-等否定前缀的动词，则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句，那么反意疑问部分用否定形式。例如：He is impolite to the teacher, isn't he?7）当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分在英式英语中用ought to 形式，在美式英语中用should形式。例如：You ought to see the new picture, shouldn't you?Teachers ought to be honoured, oughtn't they?8）当陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可以用used to形式，也可以用did形式。例如：She used to live abroad, usedn't she?There used to be a newsstand in the corner of the street, didn't there?9）当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分需视must的含义而定。a.当must表示“命令或强制”时，反意疑问部分用mustn't。例如：  You must do it by yourself, mustn't you?b.当must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句用needn't，例如：You must see him tonight,meedn't you?c. 当must表示“一定”或“想必”等推测意义时，反意疑问部分不用mustn't，而根据must后的动词形式而定。例如：He must be crazy to do so, isn't he?She must have been there for a long time, hasn't she?They must have stayed at home last might, didn't they?10）当陈述部分带有need时，反意疑问部分需视need的含义而定。如果need用作情态动词，则反意疑问部分用need形式；如果need用作实义动词，表示“需要”，则反意疑问部分用do形式。例如：You needn't go there, need you?She needs to go there, doesn't she?Plants need sun to grow, don't they?11）当陈述部分有I'd better或I'd rather时，反意疑问部分用hadn't或wouldn't。例如：You'd better finish the task before tomorrow, hadn't you?He'd rather stay with us, wouldn't he?12）当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you，won't you, would you。例如：Don't be too late, will you?Close the door, won't you?Come here, will you?Open your books, would you?当陈述部分是以Let's开头