名词性从句讲解公开课.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,noun clause,名词性从句,第一轮复习,Noun Clause:,Functions as a NOUN in a sentence.,Question:,What is the function of a noun in a sentence?,名词在句中可以充当什么成分,?,Point out the function of each,noun,in the following sentences:,1.The world,loves,nature,.,2.Knowledge,is,power,.,3.We,Chinese,are,peace-,loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,What are noun clauses?,His story,is interesting.,What he said,is interesting.,I heard,his story,.,I heard,what he said,.,I listen to,his story,.,I listen to,what he said,.,This is,his story,.,This is,what he said,.,The idea of,going there is good.,The idea,that we go there is good.,Subject clause,Object clause,Object clause after a preposition,Predictive clause,Appositive clause,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(,Noun Clauses,）,名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,和,同位语从句,名词性从句,noun clause,主语从句,subject clause,宾语从句,object clause,表语从句,predicative clause,同位语从句,appositive clause,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,What kind of clauses are they?,What the driver of the yellow car did,made me extremely angry.,Why she did this,is still unknown.,Its hard to forget,what we have learned,in his classes,.,Please dont tell my mother,when Ill,give her my gift,.,Thats,why I cant follow you,.,The problem is,that its very hard,to catch your words,.,The fact,that he tells lies all the time,makes us surprised.,There is no doubt,that it will rain,tomorrow,.,Im not sure,whether you would,like it or not,.,She felt very surprised,that I,finished it all by myself,.,I have no idea,where he is,.,Please tell us the truth,how many,people were drowned in the flood,.,The novel tells,that the truth always,takes the side of the majority of people,.,I cant explain,why he behaves like that,.,How he finished doing that,is not,important.,Where we will go,hasnt been decided,yet.,名词性从句中的,连接词,有,:,连词,:,that/whether/as if(though);,连接代词,:,what/who/which/whose/,whatever/whoever/whomever,/whichever,，,连接副词,:,where/when/why/how,/wherever/whenever,。,连词,:,引导从句，但在从句中不作成分,that,：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用,whether/if,：“是否”不作成分，起连接作用,If,只用于宾从中,as if(though),：“好象”只连接表语从句,连接代词：,引导从句，并在从句中作成分,What,（,ever,）：（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语,which,（,ever,）：（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语,Who,（,ever,）：“（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾,Whom,（,ever,）：“（无论）谁（宾格）”作宾,whose,（,ever,）：“（无论）谁的，作定,连接副词,:,引导从句，作状语,When,（,ever,）：“什么时候”作状语,where,：“什么地方”,how,：怎样,why,：为什么,从句中用陈述句序：疑问词,+,陈述句语序,分类,词形,词义,作从句的成分,注意点,连接词,that,/,/,宾从中可省,whether/if,是否,/,If,只用于宾从中有,or not,时不能用,as if(though),好象,/,/,连接代词,What,（,ever,）,（无论）什么，,作主，宾，表，定语,.,东西，,事情,which,（,ever,）,（无论）哪一个（些）,作主，宾，表，定语,/,Who,（,ever,）,“,（无论）谁（主格）”,作主，宾,/,Whom,（,ever,）,“,（无论）谁（宾格）”,作宾,/,whose,（,ever,）,“,（无论）谁的，,作定,/,连接副词,When,（,ever,）,“,什么时候”,作状语,/,where,“,什么地方”,作状语,/,how,怎样,作状语,/,why,为什么,作状语,/,Finish exercise on page 9,(textbook),:,underline all the noun clauses you can find,（,1,）名词性从句构成有,3,种,That+,陈述句,That,light travels in straight lines is known to all.,b.if/whether+,陈述句,No one knew,if,/,whether,he lost his sight because of an accident.,c.,疑问词,+,句子的剩余成分,This is,what,we are looking for.,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序：,陈述语序,(1)that,和,whether/if,引导的从句,She sensed something.,A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her,She sensed,that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.,She wondered.,Would the buses still be running?,She wondered,if/whether the buses would still be running.,(2),疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?(),F,T,T,F,1.,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1),.he will succeed,is certain.,2),he will go there,is not known.,3),he said,is not true.,4),he hid the money,is to be found out.,5),comes,is welcome.,6)Its certain,he will succeed.,7),we can help the twins,will be discussed at the meeting.,8),theyll start the project,has not been decided yet.,That,Whether,What,Where,Whoever,that,How,When,由,that,引导,:,1.,That we shall be late,is certain.,2._ is known to all.,(,地球是圆的,),3._ is a pity.,(,你错过了这次机会,),that,无意义,后接一个完整的句子,.,that,不可省,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,考点一:主语从句后置!,为了避,免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,例:,That we shall be late is certain.,-,Its certain that we shall be late.,1.That the earth is round is known to all.,-,2.That you missed the chance is a pity.,-,由连词 whether 和 if,连接代词 what,who,which,和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导.也,常常后置:,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,It doesnt matter if/whether he is a foreigner.,It is a question whether he is willing to come.,It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time.,It,的用法：（形式主语）,It possible/important/necessary/clear,that,很可能,/,重要的是,/,必要的是,/,很清楚,Its said/reported that.,据说,/,据报道,Its been announced/declared that.,已经通知,/,宣布,It seems/appears/happens.that,显然、明显、碰巧,.,Its no wonder that,并不奇怪,/,无疑,Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(,众所周知）,/a common saying.,（俗话说）,It is,well known/reported /thought/said,that,It is,clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful,that,It is,a pity/a shame/an honour,/that,It,doesnt matter,whether,It,seems,that,It,happens,that,考点二,注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数,What,引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,What he needs,_is_,that book.,What he needs _,are_,some books.,宾语从句,宾语从句：,1.,从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,连词：,that,whether,，,if,（,that,常可省略）,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when where why how,1).They know,that,the habit will kill them.,2).It all depends on,whether,they will support us,.,3)I,am afraid,that,he didnt call me.,4).He made,it,clear to the public,that,he did an important and necessary job,.,5).I find,it,necessary,that,we should do the homework.,用,if,或,whether,填空,1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.,2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.,3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether/if,whether,whether,1).whether,和,if,都可以引导宾语从句,a.,当,whether,后紧跟,or not,时,不用,if.,eg:I dont know,whether,I will,stay,or not,.,b.,介词,后面的宾语从句不能用,if.,eg:I worry,about whether,I hurt,her feeling.,2.,注意,whether,和,if,的使用区别,1.It depends on _ we will have enough money.,2._ they can do it matters little to us.,3._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.,whether,Whether,If,2).that,在宾语从句中的省略与保留,a.,在,主,+,谓,+it(,形式宾语,)+,宾补,+that,从句,(,真正宾语,),的句型中,不省略,.,eg:We must make it clear,that,we,mean what we say.,I dont think it right,that,you leave home without telling your parents.,b.,由连词,and,连接的两个由,that,引导,的宾语从句中,第二个,that,不省略,.,eg:He told me,（,that,）,he would come,and,that,he would come on time.,3.,时态一致（主从句中一致）,1,）,.,当从句表达的是客观事实，真理，自然现象时，从句通常用一般现在时。,2,）在“命令，要求，建议”等相关词后的名词性从句中常用虚拟语气（,suggest.advise,）,宾语从句的时态呼应,1.,如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态,.a.,他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的,.He believes _.b.,请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么,.Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time,yesterday,2.,如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。,He told me _.,他说他已离开家乡十年了。,He told me _.,老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。,The teacher tells us _,he was preparing for the examination,He had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,1.The fact is _ she doesnt like pop music.,2.My trouble is _ I dont have enough,experience.,3.The question is _ he will be present,or not.,4.What troubled him was _ he could get,the money.,The predicative clause is also easy!,that,that,whether,whether,/where,/how,3.,表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后,.,作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：,that/whether,/as if/as though,（,if,不引导 表语从句,),连接代词：,who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词：,when/where/why/how/because,The question is,whether,we can rely on him.,Thats,because,we were in need of money at that time.,He looked,as if,he was going to cry.,Thats,why,I was late.,because,as if,也可引导表语从句,:,1.He is absent today.Its _ he is,seriously ill.,2.It looks _ its going to rain again.,True or False:,Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns.,Her suggestion is that we do it by turns.,because,as if,4,同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（,idea,；,belief,；,fact,；,truth,；,problem,；,news,等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明,.,同位语从句常用,that,引导或用连接副词,when/where/why/how/whether,1,),The idea,that computers can recognize human voices,surprises many people.,2),Word,came,that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.,3).Sydney kept his,promise,that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.,同位语从句的格式：,n.+,连接词,+,从句,2.,能接同位语从句的名词有：,fact,、,idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice,等,3.,连接词通常是,that,也可根据含义选用,whether,what,when,where,等来引导同位语从句。,1.I have no idea _ he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,that,whether,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in,China./We heard the news last night.,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,_,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of,England was on a three-day visit in China,.,4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for,the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./,The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./,Many British parents hold the view.,_,_,Many British parents hold,the view,that,teenagers,shouldnt spend too much time online,.,_,_,There is no scientific proof for,the idea,that,time travel,is possible.,_,_,The suggestion,that,Chinese students should be given,more free time,is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,引导名词从句的关联词。,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,I dont doubt,（,that,）,you will succeed.,I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.,I doubt if/whether you will keep your promise.,3,个句子中的连词,that,whether,if,（是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，,在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词,注意：,a.that,本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。,B.whether,和,if,有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但,whether,可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而,if,仅可以用于宾语从句。,连接词,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“,whether”,不能用“,If”,。,一般情况下，“,that”,不能省。引导多个并列宾语从句时，引导第一个宾语从句“,that”,可以省,It is/was because.,这是因为,It is/was why.,这就是为什么,3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.,4 The reason is because/why,that .,另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空,:1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied,2.The reason _ he gave for his absent is _ he was ill.,reason,后面的,表语从句,只能用,that,引导,不能用,why,引导,但,reason,后面的定语从句可以用,why,或者,that,引导。,综合运用：,The earth is round,_ is known to everybody,.,as/which,2._ is known to everybody,the earth is round.,As,3._ the earth is round is known to everybody.,That,4._ is known to everybody that the earth is round.,It,5.Everybody knows _ the earth is round.,that,6._ surprised us very much that our teacher left,without a word.,It,7._ surprised us very much was that our teacher,left without a word.,What,Choose the correct sentence from each pair:,He said(that)he couldnt tell you right away,and,that,you wouldnt understand.,He said(that)he couldnt tell you right away,and you wouldnt understand.,Just then I noticed,for the first time,our,master was wearing his fine green coat.,Just then I noticed,for the first time,that,our,master was wearing his fine green coat.,I must never tell anyone,that,I could,not see the cloth.,I must never tell anyone I could,not see the cloth.,We think it important,that,we study hard.,We think it important we study hard.,Whether,he will accept your offer,I dont know.,If,he will accept your offer,I dont know.,I think that he will,not,appear.,I,dont,think that he will appear.,Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.,If she comes or not doesnt concern me.,When and where we will go are still not known.,When and where we will go is still not known.,I wish I,saw,you yesterday.,I wish I,had seen,you yesterday.,The doctor suggested that she,rests,for a few days.,The doctor suggested that she,rest,for a few days.,考点二,:,虚拟语气,subjunctive mood.,Its high/about time that I,leave,.,Its high/about time that I,left,.,It is demanded that he,(should),leave,at once.,It is demanded that he,left,at once.,1.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.,A.while B.that C.if D.for,2._he said at the meeting astonished everybody,present.,A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter,3.All finished,we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner.,A.that B.which C.what D.it,历届高考题,4.Mr Mike didnt understand _ made,his wife so upset this morning.,what was it B.why it was this,C.how that was D.what it was that,5.I wonder_.,who of them should I elect,B.who of them I should elect,C.which of them should I elect,D.which of them I should elect,6.It was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.,that;what B.that;that,C.when;what D.when;that,7.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _ more than10,000 years ago.,A.this is Alaska B.Alaska is now,C.is now Alaska D.what is now Alaska,8.-Is this factory _ the false wine was made?,-Yes.And also the one _ used to sell forged cigarettes.,the one;where B.that;that,C.what;which D.where;that,9._Do you think _ we should do to improve our English?,A./;what B.What;that C.What;/D.How;that,10.The argument remained extremely heated_ there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars.,A.that B.whether C.if D.about which,11.You,d better give the task to _ you think can succeed in carrying it out ahead of time.,A.whomever B.no matter who,C.anyone D.whoever,12._turn color and fall to the ground is a sign of winter.,A.That leaf B.That leaves,C.Those leaf D.Those leaves,13.Your shoes are_.,A.where they were B.the place you put,C.in the corner that you put D.there they are,14.The boy dived into the water and after_ seemed to be a long time,he came up again.,A.that B.what C.it D.which,15.When Christopher Columbus reached _is now the USA,he called the people of the new world“Indians”.,which B.what,C.where D.the place where,16._he was ill,I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me for I didn,t have much experience.,A.If B.If that C.That D.That if,17.Mary wrote an article on _,the team had failed to win the game.,why B.what C.who D.that,18.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.,whichever B.however,C.whatever D.whenever,19.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.,A