英语动词时态语态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,English Basic Tenses,(,时态,),他每天都来。,他昨天来了,.,他已经来了,.,他明天来,.,汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现,.,任何句子都要先注意时态,.,He came yesterday.,He has come.,He will come tomorrow.,He comes every day.,语态,时态,主动,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,.,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时,v./,v-s/es,V-ed,will+v,would+v.,had+done,have/has+done,have/has been+V-,ing,am/is/are+V-,ing,was/were+V-,ing,语态,时态,主动,将来进行时,will be doing,将来完成时,will have done,导入之一：,How is your daily life as a high school student?,(using 3 sentences or more,使用实意动词,和系动词,注意动词形式变化,),2.,用法,:1),经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如,often,usually,always,every day/year,sometimes,on Sunday,等。,2),表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。,The earth moves around the sun.,I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates,but sometimes I miss my families.,一、一般现在时,(The Simple Present tense),1.,结构,:do/does,3,）汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表将要发生的事。,The train,leaves,at three,this afternoon.,The meeting,starts,at 2:00 p.m.,4,）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即主将从现。,If it,_(be),fine tomorrow,we _(go)to the countryside.,If he _ (come)this afternoon,，,we_(have)a meeting.,is,will go,comes,will have,Example:,I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends.We always _(play)football and basketball together and we _(not)have so much homework to do as now.We _(be)happy at that time.,spent,played,didnt,were,导入之二：,How did you spend your childhood?,二、一般过去时,(The Simple Past Tense),1.,结构,:,谓动用动词过去式,(V-ed),2.,用法,:,在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。,常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,in 1982,等。,examples:,He was in Beijing some,years ago,.,She traveled in Europe,last year.,When I was at collage,I wrote home once a week.,He wet to town,bought some books and visited his daughter,last Sunday.,He said he would go for a holiday,when he,finished his work.,犹如,picture,导入之三：,How will you spend your winter holiday?,I will,Im going to,三,.,一般将来时,.,表示将来时的四种形式,will/shall+,动词原形,be going to do,be about to do,be to do,be going to,有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而,will,表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。,-The telephone is ringing.,-I _ answer it.,will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to,-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?,-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.,A.had B.would C.was going to D.did,be going to,可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而,will,不能表示,Look at the clouds!It _ rain.,is going to,3.be to,表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作,或客观安排或受人指示而做某事。,be going to,表示主观的打算或计划。,I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.,Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,4,be about to do,表示“正要干什么,”,，,1),表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。,2),常与,when,连用，,when,此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词,.,构成句型：,be about to do when.,Eg,:I was about to leave when it rained.,四,.,过去将来时,(The past future simple Tense),1.,用法,:,过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中,.,2.,结构,:,should/would+,动词原形,The boy promised he,would work,hard.,I told my parents,I should return,early.,导入之五：,What are they doing now?,They are playing basketball.,五,.,现在进行时,1,表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态,I dont really work here.Im helping until the new secretary comes.,Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.,A.will have changed B.has changed,C.is changing D.will change,be(am,are,is)+doing,2.,与,always,，,constantly(,不断地；时常地,),等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：,他总是帮助别人。,He is always helping others.,六,.,过去进行时,(The Past Continuous Tense),1.,结构：,was/were+doing,2.,用法,:,表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。,常用的时间状语,at ten yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while,at that time,I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.,has worked B.was working,C.had been working D.had worked,3.,与,always,，,forever,，,constantly,连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：,他总是考虑别人，从未考虑自己。,He,was always thinking of,others,，,never,thinking of himself.,My brother was always losing his key.,七,.,现在完成时,(The present Perfect Tense),1.,结构,:have(has)+done,2.,用法,:,1).,现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延,续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词,.,常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如,:so far,up to now,recently,since,for,over time,等,I have lived in,Zhuhai,for 3 years.,He,has lived,here,since last summer,.,时间线,现在,过去,lived,延续到现在,:has lived,last summer,since,1.-When did he go to America?,-Oh,he _ there since half a year ago.,A.went B.has been C.has gone D.was,2.Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since.You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.,A.left,worked B.has left,had worked,C.left,has worked D.has left,worked,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1).,一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。,My family lived in,Zhuhai,10 years ago.,（现在不在珠海了,),My family have lived in,Zhuhai,for 10 years.,(,目前还在珠海,),2).,过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语,.,I _(study)in,Zhongshan,university in 2000.,I _(study)in,Zhongshan,university since 2000.,I _ just _(buy)an apartment.(,just,表示不确定的时间状语,）,studied,have studied,have,bought,八,.,过去完成时,(The past perfect Tense),结构,:had+done,概念：表示过去的过去,-|-|-|-,过去的过去 过去现在将来,导入之八：,You graduated(,毕业,)from Junior Middle School in July 2013.You,had stayed,there for 3 years when you graduated.,By the end of last te,r,m,we,had learnt,20 units.,现在,过去,过去的过去,the end of,last te,r,m,had learnt,时间线,用法,(1),表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用,by,，,before,，,until,，,when,等词引导的时间状语。如：,2,.,表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算,(“,本想”,;“,本来打算”,),。,I had hoped to see more of ShangHai.,I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.,I had thought you would come tomorrow.,1).When the police arrived,the thieves _(run away).,2).When I came into the classroom,my dear students _(begin)reading.,He walked in as if he,_,_(buy)the school,.,had run away,had run away,had run away,had begun,had bought,3.I _ to take a good holiday this year,but I wasnt able to get away.,A.hope B.have hoped,C.had hoped D.hoped,4.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.,A.has left;comes B.left;had come,C.had left;came D.had left;would come,c,c,导入之九：,-How long have you been studying in this school?,-Almost three months.,九、现在完成进行时,主语,+has/have+been+doing,.,表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在还会继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词,必须用延续性动词,。,He,has been working,here for three years.,The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities,has been rising,steadily since 1990.,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?,-Yes,that why I _to work by train.,A.have been going B.have gone,C.was going D.will have gone,现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别,现在完成时,:,表到现在为止已经完成，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；,现在完成进行时,:,往往强调仍将继续下去的动作。,I have written a letter.,（已完成）,I,have been writing,a letter.,（未完成）,过去,现在,时间线,have written,have been writing,10,将来进行时（,will be doing,）,表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的动作。,I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.,11,将来完成时（,will have done,）,表将来某一时间已经做完某事,We will have learnt 1000 words by the end of this term.,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时,often,always,usually,sometimes,on Sunday,every,at weekends,once in a while,three times a day,(right)now,at this moment,at present,for the time being,this year,always,for,since,so far,in/over/during the past/last few years,lately,recently,just,up to now,up till now,already,yet,ever,never,twice,three times,before,all the time,all this morning,for,since,in the past few years,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,yesterday,last,the day before yesterday,ago,in 2000,in the past,the other day,just now,once upon a time,at 10 last night,then,this morning,at that time/moment,this time yesterday,last year,always,by+,过去时间，,by then,by the end of+,过去时间，,by the time you did sth,.,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,一般将来时,将来进行时,将来完成时,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in 2020,in a few years,in future,in the future,soon,next,another day,at 10 tomorrow,then,this time tomorrow,next year,by+,将来时间,by then,by the end of+,将来时间,by the time you do sth,Exercises,I usually _ up at 6:00,but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30.(get),Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.,I _(be)in Beijing for two years.,How often _ Andy _(surf)the internet?,He fell asleep while he _(read)a book.,group competition,get,will get,got,is knocking,have been,does,surf,was reading,6.I _ never _(hear)of that man before.,7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.,8.Lily said she _(put)on the new dress the next day.,9._ the story _(happen)in London in 1949?,10.What _ his mother _(do)when he opened the door?,have,heard,went,would put,Did,happen,was,doing,11.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.,12._ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?,13.They _(not)call you the day after tomorrow.,14.Tom _(work)there since two years ago.,15.By the time I _(walk)into the classroom,the teacher _(start)teaching.,doesnt rain,will go,Does,has worked,wont,walked,had started,play,Jenny,Jenny _(be)a foreign girl.She _(come)from the United States.Look,she _(draw)pictures in the living room.,Two years ago,her parents _(move)to China.Jenny _(not have)any friends,so she _(feel)lonely.But now,she _(have)many Chinese friends and _(study)with them everyday.Jenny _(visit)her grandparents in the United States next month.,is,comes,is drawing,moved,didnt have,felt,has,studies,will visit,One good turn deserves another,I _(have)dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.Tony _(work)in a lawyers office years ago,but he _(work)at a bank now.He _(get)a good salary,but he always _(borrow)money from his friends and never _(pay)it back.Tony _(see)me and _(come)and _(sit)at the same table.He _ never _(borrow)money from me.While he _(eat),I _(ask)him to lend me twenty pounds.To my surprise,he _(give)me the money immediately.I have never borrowed any money from you,Tony said,so now you can pay for my dinner!,was having,worked,is working,asked,saw,came,has,sat,gave,was eating,borrows,gets,pays,borrowed,动词的语态,(voices),动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；,主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。,动词谓语部分结构：,be+,v.pp,动词时态语态一览表,(,以,do,为例）,时态,主动,被动,一般现在时,do/does,现在进行时,am/is/are doing,现在完成时,have/has done,一般过去时,did,过去进行时,was/were doing,过去完成时,had done,一般将来时,will do,将来完成时,will have done,am/is/are done,am/is/are being done,have/has been done,was/were done,was/were being done,had been done,will be done,will have been done,类别,构成形式,例句,时,态,一般现在时,am/is/,are+done,English is widely used in the world.,一般过去时,was/,were+done,We were asked to help them.,一般将来时,will/,shall+be,done,A class meeting will be held next Monday.,过去将来时,should/,would+be,done,She said those flowers should be watered.,现在进行时,is/am/,are+being,done,The blackboard is being painted now.,过去进行时,was/,were+being,done,Those flowers were being watered when I left.,现在完成时,have/,has+been,done,All these flowers have been watered.,过去完成时,had+been,done,The building had been completed before I arrived.,主动形式表被动意义,The steel feels cold.,His plan proved(to be)practical.,The yogurt in the fridge _,(,已经变质）,.,has gone bad,1.,连系动词,look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.,构成系表结构,主动表被动。,2,.,表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如,:,begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等,主动表被动。,Work began at 7 o,clock this morning.,The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.,3.need/want/require doing,be worth doing,be to blame主动表被动。,The equipment in the corner _,(,需要修理,).,requires repairing,A,I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.,A.is to blame B.is going to blame,C.is to be blamedD.should blame,Who do you think _ for the failure of their marriage?,A.to blame B.to be blame,C.is to blame D.is to be blamed,C,Nylon cleans easily.,This material has worn thin.,Your pen writes smoothly.,The recorder won,t play.,(,这种布耐洗。,),(,他的书,没有销路。,),The cloth washes well.,His book does not sell.,4.,表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,。,如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink.这类动词一般不单独使用,，,常有一个修饰语。,Murtiple,choice,1.This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.,A.was named B.named C.is named D.names,A,2.I need one more stamp before my collection _.,A.has completedB.completes,C.has been completed D.is completed,D,3.The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.,A.has been designedB.had been designed,C.was designedD.would be designed,B,说明：,by the end of,短语一般都与完成时连用。,4.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.,cut B.are cut,C.are being cut D.had been cut,C,1,、对於这个问题，关注很少。,Little attention was paid to this problem.,2,、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。,Group discussion should be encouraged in class.,3,、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。,It is reported that a new road will be built here,.,4,、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。,Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.,