八年级英语Chapter-One-France-is-calling沈阳牛津版知识精讲.doc

初二英语Chapter One: France is calling沈阳牛津版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Chapter One: France is calling

二. 重点句子：
1. However, not only is the marble tower beautiful, it is perhaps the strangest tower in the world.
而这座大理石塔不仅仅是漂亮，它可能也是世界上最奇异的塔。
however 是连词，意为：然而。用于句中时，前后都用逗号隔开。
Eg: I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on. 我有点累了，但我能坚持下去。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到，不过，他可能过一会来。
这句话使用了倒装句，原本的句序应该是the marble tower is not only beautiful. 英语表达中，如果将 not only, neither等表示否定意义的词放在句首，通常会引起句子倒装。
Eg: Not only did he teach at school, but he wrote novels. 他不但在学校教书，还写小说。
但是注意，如果not only 与 but also 连用，在句中引导并列结构为主语，这时，句子应适用正常语序。
Eg: Not only Tom but also many other boys enjoy reading the book.
不仅汤姆喜欢读这本书，其他许多男孩也喜欢。
2. It leans to one side and looks like it is going to fall over. 它向一边倾斜，看上去像要倒一样。
look like 在句中表示：“看起来好像……”，后面可以跟名词，v.-ing形式或从句。
Eg: It looks like rain/ snow. 看起来好像要下雨/下雪了。
She looks like crying. 她看起来好像要哭了。
He looks like an athlete. 他看上去像个运动员。
You look like a princess in this dress. 穿上这条裙子，你看上去像个公主。
3. The building of the tower began in August 1173 and took nearly two hundred years to complete. 建造这座塔始于1173年8月，历时近两百年才竣工。
complete 在此处作动词，意为：使完整，完成。此外，该词还可作形容词，意为：完整的，全部的，完成的，结束的。
Eg: The work is not completed yet. 这个工作还未完成。
When will work on the highway be completed? 高速公路什么时候能完工?
Is this a complete list? 这是份完整的清单么?
We can’t go out until our homework is completed. 我们把作业做完才能出去。
4. In 1319, all the floors were finished and years later, work eventually began on the bell chamber at the top.
在1319年，所有的楼层都完成了，多年后，顶部钟房的修建工作终于开始了。
eventually 是副词，意为：终于，相当于at last , in the end, finally.
Eg: The government eventually collapsed in 1970. 该政府终于在1970年倒台了。
He fell ill and eventually died. 他得病了最后去世了。
5. As soon as three floors had been built, by 1178, it began to lean as the ground beneath it sank.
三层一建完，到1178年，随着地基下沉塔就开始倾斜。
as soon as 意为：一……就，用来引导时间状语从句。
Eg: As soon as she saw the coat, the woman said she did not like it.
这位妇女刚一看那件衣服就说不喜欢。
She didn’t finish her homework as soon as she had expected.
她的作业没有她预料的那样快完成。
6. For ten years, the rescue of the tower was a serious problem.
十年来，拯救比萨塔一直是个难题。
rescue 是个名词，意为：援救，营救。此外，该词也可以作及物动词使用。
Eg: Rescue was at hand. 救援近在咫尺。
The rescue attempt was impeded by bad weather. 营救工作受到恶劣天气的妨碍。
We rescued the boy who fell into the river. 我们救起了掉进河里的小孩。
7. Measurements taken in 1911 estimated that the tower would collapse by 2050, if not sooner.
1911年的测量估计，比萨塔将在2050年倒塌，如果不提前的话。
estimate 意为：估计，估量，后接介词at 和that 引导的从句作宾语。
Eg: The police estimated the number of demonstrators at about 5,000.
警方估计示威者的人数为五千左右。
The medicare cost is estimated to be one billion dollars.
老年医疗保健费用估计为十亿元。
collapse 是动词，意为：倒塌。
Eg: Having been neglected for years, the house collapsed. 这所房子因年久失修而倒塌了。
The roof of the old house collapsed. 这座旧房子的房顶倒塌了。
8. However, it was not opened to the public until the end of 2001 and even now, the number of visitors is restricted.
然而，直到2001年末，比萨才向公共开放，即使到现在，游客数量也受到限制。
句中：not …until 结构意为：直到……才，使用时，until后可以使用名词性短语，也可以用表示时间的从句。
Eg: she didn’t go to bed until her daughter came back. 她一直等到女儿回来才去睡觉。
I couldn’t sew until I was six. 我直到六岁时才会用针缝东西。
I couldn’t fall asleep until about three o’clock in the morning. 我直到凌晨大约三点钟才睡。
the number of 意为：……的数目，数量，数字。作主语时，句中谓语常用单数，使用时应注意区别该短语与a number of 的不同，后者表示：大量的，具有形容词性，常用来修饰可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，句中谓语用复数。
Eg: The number of students absent is five. 有五名学生缺席。
There are a large number of people there. 那里有很多人。
9. It is now safe for the next 300 years because engineers have reduced the lean by 50 centimeters to give it the same lean that it had in 1838.
对于未来300年，比萨塔是安全的，因为工程师已经使比萨塔的倾斜减少了50厘米，这样就和1838年的倾斜角度一样了。
reduce 是动词，意为：减少，缩小，降。
Eg: He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。
They’ve reduced the prices in the shop, so it’s a good time to buy.
商店已经降低了商品的价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。

三. 冠词的用法：
定冠词（the Definite Article），冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中定冠词就是the
定冠词的用法：
（1）表示特定的或上文已提到过的人或物。
①第二次提到。例如：John bought a TV and a radio, but there was something wrong with the TV.
②说话的双方都了解的人或事。例如：He went to the station to meet his father yesterday evening. Could you please pass me the dictionary?
③由短语或定语从句修饰的名词前。
例如：Do you know the girl playing basketball there. This is the recorder that I promised.
（2）表示世界上独一无二的东西。例如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the world, etc.
（3）用在序数词、形容词最高级及对两人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
例如：the second story, the largest room, He is the taller of the two children in his family.
（4）用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派、报纸、杂志、大建筑物、朝代、时代等专有名词前。
例如：the United Nations, the People’s Republic of China, the United States, the Communist Party of China, the “Times”, the Great Hall of the People, the Warring States Period等。
（5）用在江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。
例如：the Changjiang River, the Great Lake, the Rocky Mountains, the Atlantic,等等。
（6）用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习语中。
例如：on the left(right),in the east(west),in the morning(afternoon, evening),on the other hand, the end, in the daytime, to tell the truth, on the contrary, in the middle of, go to the cinema, at the age of, at the beginning of,等等。
（7）用在某些形容词前表示一类人。
例如：the poor(rich, old, young, sick, dead, new, blind, wounded)
（8）用在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人，或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。
例如：The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table. The Wangs are watching TV now.
（9）用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物。
例如：The horse is a useful animal. The brain is the centre of thought.
（10）演奏乐器时，乐器的名词前通常用定冠词。
例如：Do you like to play the piano or the violin?
（11）在逢十的复数数词之前，指某一世纪的某个年代。
例如：In the 1870’s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he began to learn Russian.
（12）在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词。
例如：The compass（指南针）was invented in China four thousand years ago. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
（13）在有些关于国家和民族的形容词前加上定冠词，也可以泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员（这些形容词是以sh, ch, ese结尾的）。
例如：the Irish, the Welsh, the English, the Scotch, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese
（14）在人体部位前加定冠词。例如：lead sb. by the hand, Jim received a blow on the head.
用在惯用语中：
in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning,
in the sky (water，field，country)
in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,
in the middle (of), in the end,
on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre ，on the way

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一、选择：
1. ______ you’ve passed the driving test, you can drive your own car.
A. Though B. When C. Now that D. Not until
2. I hope the school life will help him ______ his wings a lot. Me too.
A. spread B. keep C. start D. grow
3. _______ to the names on the list, there are six other students who want to take part in the activity.
A. In times B. In addition C. In front D. At the back
4. Mr Brown came into the classroom, ______ a book under his arm.
A. for B. at C. from D. with
5. After meal, Eddie went on ______ a cup of tea.
A. to ask for B. asking for C. to ask about D. asking about
6. It’s very hot today, _________ don’t you go swimming? Good idea!
A. How B. Why C. When D. Where
7. During holidays, parents always take their children to the Disney parks to _______ their interests.
A. use B. begin C. further D. see
8. The computer ______ us to calculate much faster than before.
A. enables B. make C. finds D. reminds
9. would you like to buy this digital camera? It’s too expensive. I have to ________ it.
A. think about B. comp up with C. catch up with D. get along with
10. Did you buy a house? Yes, it is a large one_______ a small garden in front of it.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
11. There are many school things in the shop, _______ rulers, pens and pencils.
A. such B. so as C. so D. such as
12. Paris is one of _________ in the world.
A. the more beautiful cities B. the beautiful cities
C. the most beautiful cities D. the most beautiful city
13. That __________ me of a joke I heard last week.
A. makes B. thinks C. remembers D. reminds
14. It’ll take us about half an hour to _________ the airport.
A. reach to B. arrive C. get D. get to
15. Jim, please ______ the lights when you leave.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down

二、用适当形式填空
1. The centre of France is a big __________ region. (agriculture)
2. I like the beautiful __________ of the Great Wall in China. (scene)
3. Shanghai is known as the shopping paradise. It has got the same __________ as Hong Kong. (attract)
4. My ambition is to be a top jewellery __________ in the world. (design)
5. France is a __________ in art and culture. (lead)

三、改写句子：
1. Can you tell me the way to the post office?
Can you tell me ___________ to _________ to the post office?
Can you tell me __________ the post office _________?
2. Turn right at the first crossing.
__________ the first ______ ______ the right.
3. You’ll see People’s Square before you .
You’ll see People’s Square ______ ______ ______ you.
4. Walk to the end of the road.
Walk _________ the road __________ you reach the end.
5. Where is the bank?
Which is ______ ________ ________ the bank?

四. 阅读分析
（A）
A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well, but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly（肚子）or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people’s rule. They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar（奇特的） to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy
to work in that way.
Now the very same thing is true to literature（文学）. And the question, "How shall I begin?" only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced（有经验的） enough to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will
never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail --that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.
1. A friend of the writer’s drew the horses ____.
A. very well
B. in the way of western rule
C. in the way of his own rule
D. all of the above
2. The writer was surprised because ____.
A. the artist began to draw at the head of the horse
B. the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse
C. the artist made his own rule
D. the artist did not follow other people’s rule
3. You are not yet experienced because ____.
A. you don’t know where to begin
B. you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail
C. you always asked question
D. you do not trust to your own powers
4. When you become more experienced you will ____.
A. never ask question
B. often begin at the tail
C. write the end of the story
D. think of the beginning
5. The topic of the passage is ______.
A. How to draw a horse
B. How to write a story
C. How to make your own rules
D. Trust to your own powers

（B）
James wrote a play for television about a family who came to England from India, and the play was very interesting. It was bought by an American TV company（公司）.
James was then invited to go to New York to help them. He lived in Washington, which is an hour away from New York by air. The plane was going to take off at 8:30 in the morning. So he had to be at the airport at bout 7:30. He ordered a taxi for 6:30 and went to sleep. He forgot to wind the clock, and it stopped after midnight. Also the driver of the taxi had to work very late that night and he got up very late the next morning.
James woke with the feeling that something was wrong. He looked at his clock. It stood there silently with the hands pointing to ten past twelve. He turned on the radio and knew it was ten. He was late for the plane.
He was just preparing his coffee when the radio sent out another news, “Reports are coming in of a plane crash（飞机坠落）near Washington airport. A Boeing 707 fly to New York crashed shortly after taking off this morning. Plane number 2234…” James suddenly turned pale（苍白）.
“My plane,” he said aloud. “If I haven’t been late, “I’d have been on the plane!”
根据短文内容，判断各句是否符合短文意思，符合的划“√”，否则划“×”。
1、James was a writer from England.
2、He had to reach the airport at half past eight.
3、James would like to take a taxi at six thirty.
4、The driver came to pick him up on time.
5、When he turned on the radio he heard the speaker saying that he missed the plane.
6、James was lucky because he was not able to get on the plane.
7、The plane crashed while flying towards London.
8、Sometimes bad things can change into good ones.
【试题答案】
一. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. D 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B

二. 1. agricultural 2. scenic 3. attractions 4. designer 5. leader

三. 1. how, get, where, is
2. At, turning, on
3. in front of
4. along, until
5. the way to

四. （A）CDDCD
（B）1、× 2、× 3、√ 4、× 5、× 6、√ 7、× 8、√