新四级改错联练习.doc

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新 四 级 改 错
实用错误口诀:

（一）谓语和非谓语混用口诀：
　　谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个；
　　其余动词非谓语，非谓形式有三种：V+ing, V+ed 和 to do；
　　现在分词表主动 ，过去分词表被动 ；
　　目的要用不定式，主宾要用动名词；
　　例： Police’s records show a surprised link between changes in the seasons and crime patterns. [surprising]

（二）其它错误口诀：
　　见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语；
　　见到that 想从句，从句里给谓语；
　　见到名词想可数，可数不可数要记清；
　　见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理；
　　见到平行看结构，形式功能要对。
　　例：Business today whether it is running a little gas-station or a big factory take good management.[takes]
　　 A break in their employment, or a decision to work part time, will slow its raises and promotions-because it would for men. [their]

（三）错误口诀实战演练
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society,
include the expression of these patterns in material things.1.__________
Culture is compose of nonmaterial — culture abstract creations 2.___________
like values, beliefs, customs, and institutional arrangements — and material culture — physical object like cooking spots ,computers and bathtubs.3.__________
In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make.4.__________
In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak 5.__________
another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, 6.__________
music, literature, philosophy, or history.
But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured,
because of culture is the common world of experience. 7.__________
Culture is essentially to our humanness. 8.___________
How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store,
or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you? 9.___________
Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, 10.__________
ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.

答案解析：
1. Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.
本题考点：
谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个:
本文已经有两个谓语refers characterize 一个连词that,如果再出现谓语则必须再出现一个连词。一个基本规则请同学们记好：连词数=谓语数-1。所以此时include 后面有宾语最好的改写方式：including

2&3. Culture is compose of nonmaterial — culture abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs, and institutional arrangements — and material culture — physical object like cooking spots ,computers and bathtubs.
本题考点：
　　1)谓语与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个:compose—composed
　　2) 见到名词想可数，可数不可数要记清: object-objects

4. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make.
本题考点：
　　见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称：both A or B—改为both A and B

5&6. In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history.
本题考点：
　　1)谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个: 本句中有三个谓语却只有一个引导词，所以应该加一个连词，在can speak 前加一个who.
　　2)逻辑错误：根据上下文判断 unfamiliar –familiar

7. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience.
本题考点：
介词与连词误用: because of –because 因为后面是一句话

8. Culture is essentially to our humanness.
　　本题考点：
副词与形容词误用: essentially—essential

9. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you?
　　本题考点：
见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称: laugh—laughs

10. Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.
　　本题考点：放弃僻题
　　如果supply with 这个短语你没有背过，这个题目解起来就很吃力，所以我们在考场上对于这种题目所采取的态度是：背过则改，没背过则放弃。

六．新英语四级改错练习题及答案（精选8套）
Error Correction:
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a work, add a work or delete a work. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

(1)
Most people work to earn a living and they 
produce goods and services. Goods are either 
agricultural (like maize) or manufactured (like 
cars). Services are such things like education, 1._________
medicine, and commerce. These people provide 2.__________
goods; some provide services. Other people provide 
both goods or services. For example, in the same 3.__________
garage a man may buy a car or some service which 
helps him maintain his car. 
The work people do is called as economic 4.__________
activity. All economic activities taken together make 
up the economic system of a town, a city, a country, 
or the world. Such economic system is the sum-total 5.__________
of what people do and what they want. The work 
people do either provides what they need or provides 
the money with that they can buy essential 6.__________
commodities. Of course, most people hope to have 
enough money to buy commodities and services which 
are essential but which provide some particular 7. __________
personal satisfaction, such as toys for children, visits 8. __________
the cinema, and books. 
The science of economics is basic upon the facts 9. __________
of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday 
lives and the general life of our communities in order 
to understand the whole economic system of which we 
are a part. They try to describe the facts of the 
economy in which we live, and to explain how it 
works. The economist methods should of course be 10. __________
strictly objective and scientific. 

参考答案：
1. like → as
2. Those → Some
3. or → and
4. called as→ call
5. Such → Such an
6. that → which
7. essential → nonessential or +not
8. visits → visits to
9. basic → based
10. economist → economist’s 

(2)
Americans this year will swallow 15000 tons of
aspirin, one of safest and most effective drugs 1.__________
invented by man. The most popular medicines in the 2.__________
world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad
effects are relatively mild, and it is cheap.

For millions of people suffered from arthritics, 3.__________
it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is
truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the
second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of
poisoning among children. it has side effects that, if 4.__________
relatively mild, are largely unrecognized between users. 5.__________

Although aspirin was first sold by German company
in 1899, it has been around much longer than that.
Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value
of the leaves and tree bark which today is known to 6.__________
contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. During the
19th century, there was a great number of experimentation 7.__________
in Europe with this chemical, and it led in the introduction 8.__________
of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available
in the United States.

A small quantity of aspirin(two five-grain tablets)
relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces down 9.__________
fever by interfering with some of the body's reactions.
Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the formation
of the acids involved in pain and the complex chemical
reactions that cause fever. The chemistry of these acids
is not fully understood, and the slowing effect of aspirin 10.__________
is well known.

参考答案　
1. of ∧ safest → the
2. medicines → medicine(or: drug)
3. suffered → suffering
4. if → though(or: although)
5. between → among
6. is → are
7. number → deal(or: amount, quantity)
8. in → to
9. down → /
10. and → but

(3)
Crime has its own cycles, a magazine reported
some years before. Police records that were studied 1.__________
for five years from over 2400 cities and towns show
a surprised link between changes in the season and 2.__________
crime patterns.

The pattern of crime has varied very little
over a long period of years. Murder reaches its high
during July and August, as does rape and other violent 3.__________
attacks. Murder, however, is more than seasonal: it is a 4.__________
weekend crime. It is also a nighttime crime: 62 percent
of members are committed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m.

Unlike the summer high in crimes of bodily harm,
burglary has a different cycle. You are most likely
to being robbed between 6 p.m. and 2 a.m. on a Saturday 5.__________
night in December, January, or February. The most
uncriminal month of all? May--except for one strange
statistic. More dog bites are reported in this month
than in an other month of the year. 6.__________

Apparent our intellectual seasonal cycles are 7.__________
completely different from our criminal tendencies.
professor Huntington, of the Foundation for the Study
of Cycles, made extensive studies to discover the
seasons when people read serious books, attend scientific
meetings, make the highest scores on examinations,
and to propose the most changes to patents. In all 8.__________
instances, he found a spring peak and an autumn peak
separated by a summer low. On other hand, Professor 9.__________
Huntington’s studies indicated that June is the peak
month for suicides and admissions in mental hospitals. 10.__________
June is also a peak month for marriages!

参考答案　
1. before → ago
2. surprised → surprising
3. does → do
4. however → moreover
5. being → be
6. an → any
7. apparent → apparently
8. to(1) → /
9. On ∧ other → the
10. in → to

(4)
Only a generation ago, Mauritania's capital city was
many day's walk from the Sahara. Today it is in the Sahara. 1.__________
The sand blows through the city streets and piles up in 2.__________
walls and fences. The desert stretches out as far as the
eye can see.

In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, all
the trees have cut down. The earth lies bare and dry in the 3.__________
hot sun. Nothing grow there anymore. 4.__________

Over vast areas of every continent, the rainfall and
vegetation necessary for life is disappearing. Already 5.__________
more than 40 percent of the earth's land is desert and 6.__________
desert-like. About 628 million people--one out of seven--
live in these dry regions. In the past, they have managed to
survive, but in difficulty. Now, largely through problems 7.__________
caused by modern life, our existence is threatened by the 8.__________
slow, steady spread of the earth's deserts.

Many countries first became concerned in 1970s after 9.__________
a terrible drought and famine destroyed Africa's Sahel,
the fragile desert along the south edge of the Sahara.
Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide
effort to send food and medicine to the starved people. 10.__________

参考答案
1. day's → days'
2. in → against
3. have ∧ cut → been
4. grow → grows
5. is → are
6. and → or
7. in → with
8. our → their
9. in ∧ 1970s → the
10. starved → starving

(5)
For centuries the gypsies have lived as a unfettered people 1.__________
who traveled through half the countries of the world,
abiding to their own laws. Scorning discomfort, 2.__________
enduring persecution, accumulating only meager possession, 3.__________
they sacrificed all for their freedom.

To be settled people they seemed both fascinating or fearful, 4.__________
while to the gypsies the settling people were equally fearful.5.__________
Gypsies acquired in ancient times their traditional occupations
like smiths and horse traders. They plied their crafts 6.__________
from village to village, presenting entertainments to attract townsmen. So they became musicians, magicians, animal trainers, and acrobats.

A folk saying held that when a gypsy woman predicted misfortune
it always came fact because she stole something from the victim. 7.__________
The gypsies were known also for the big trick which they 8.__________
deceived the credulous.

A typical trick was to convince a peasant to bury his money, 9.__________
promising that it would be multiplied by magic powers; when the peasant returned to dig them up, the money and the gypsies were both gone. 10.__________
The term “gypsy” soon became synonymous with all the robbers and brigands who infested （骚扰）the countryside.

参考答案　
1.a 改为 an。
2.to 改为 by。
3.possession改为 possessions。
4.or改为 and
5.settling改为settled。。
6.like改为as。
7.fact改为true。
8.which前加in。
9.convince改为 persuade。
10.them改为it。

(6)
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are
no longer interested in spelling. No school I have
taught has ever ignored spelling or considered it 1.__________
important as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly 2.__________
different ideas about how to teach it, or how much
priority (重点) it must be given over general language
development and written ability. The problem is, how to 3.__________
encourage a child to express himself freely and
confidently in writing without holding him back with the
complexities of spelling?

If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher’s
interest, clearly a bright child will be like to 4.__________
“play safe”. He will tend to write only words with his 5.__________
range and choose to avoid adventurous language. That is
why teachers often encouraging the early use of 6.__________
dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than
technical ability.

I was shocking to read on the bottom of a sensitive 7.__________
piece of writing about personal experience: “This work
is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and
your writing is eligible.” It may have been a sharp 8.__________
criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in
writing, but it was also a sad reflection at the teacher 9.__________
who has omitted to read the essay, which contained any
beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The
teacher’s wrong not to draw attention to the errors,
but if his priority centered on the child’s ideas, as 10.__________
expression of his disappointment with the presentation
would have given the pupil more motivation to seek
improvement.

参考答案：
1.taught 之后加in。 
2.important 改为 unimportant。
3.written改为writing。
4.like改为likely。。
5.with 改为within。
6.encouraging 改为encourage。
7.shocking改为shocked。
8.eligible改为 illegible。
9.at改为 on。
10.centered前加had。

(7)
Word came from California of a new weapon in the war on household pests．
Two scientists work for a firm in California developed 1．__________ 
a new method to eliminate insects with using dangerous chemicals．2．__________ 
The new weapon—hot air．The basic idea is that 
insect pests can adjust to temperature much above normal．3．__________ 
In labor