1、比较级和最高级前的修饰语 在英语中,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级常用某些词或词组加以修饰,来加强语气。现就常见的一些修饰语作一简述。一、比较级的修饰语主要用于两种结构:1用于修饰as(so)as比较句型的修饰语。常见的有almost, exactly,nearly,just,quite,倍数、分数、百分数等,这些词都置于第一个as之前。eg:The rock is almost/nearly as heavy as that one这块岩石与那块一样重。Making the water dirty is just as dangerous as polluting the air水受污染和空气
2、受污染同样有危害。We have produced three times as much rice this year as last year我们今年生产的大米是去年的3倍。The speed of the heavy trucks is two-thirds as fast as the light ones重型卡车的速度是轻型卡车的三分之二。2修饰 more than比较结构的修饰语较多。(1) a(little) bit,a little,slightly somewhat, any等常放在比较级前,表示两者差别不大,常译为“一些”、“一点”、“稍微”,其中any一般用于疑问句,其他
3、则多用于肯定句。These tomatoes are a little cheaper than those这些西红柿比那些稍便宜点。Our garden is slightly bigger than yours我们的花园比你们的稍大点。Are you feeling any better today?你今天好点了吗?(2)(very) much,(by) far, many, greatly, rather, a lot,lots, a great(good) deal等除by far外常放在比较级前表示差别较大,常译为“得多”, by far常用在比较级后;而 many只能修饰形容词比较
4、级,且这个形容词必须修饰着可数名词复数。eg:They are paid much less than white workers他们挣的钱比白人工人少得多。The girl runs a great deal faster than his brother那女孩跑得比他弟弟快得多。He has made far greater progress than his classmates他比他同学的进步大得多。She is by far more intelligent than her boss她比她的上司要聪明得多。Ive made many more mistakes than you我犯
5、的错误,比你犯的多多了。(3)even,still,yet,all常放在比较级前,表示“更”,其中all修饰比较级,之后常跟定冠词; still在下列条件下也可放在比较级之后;(1)词尾为er或不规则变化的比较级。(2)比较级之后无别的修饰语。(3)比较级单独使用,无than从句。The Huanghe River is long,but the Changjiang River is even longer黄河长,但长江比黄河更长。We must unite to win still greater victories我们必须团结起来,争取更大的胜利。Youll be all the bet
6、ter for a holiday一次假期,对你会更好。Tom is tall but Jack is taller still汤姆高,杰克更高。The weather becomes worse still when the winter is near冬季来临时,天气变得更糟糕。(4)no,not any常用在比较级前表示“并不”。The girl is no clever than you那姑娘和你一样笨。The situation is not any better than before与以前相比,情况无任何好转。(5)倍数、分数、百分数等表示数量的词常放在比较级前表示具体差别。My
7、 brother is three years older than I我哥比我大三岁。The room is two-fifths smaller than yours这间房比你那间小五分之二。Cotton output is 57 percent higher than last year棉花产量比去年高百分之五十七。(6) by+具体的数量词常放在句未表示具体差别。He arrived here later than you by an hour他比你晚一小时到这儿。This street is wider than that one by two metres这条街比那条街宽2米。二、
8、最高级的修饰语常见的有:almost,(by) far,by no means,much, nearly, quite, really, next, sec-ond,third等,其中next,second,third等序数词要放在定冠词以及物主代词之后,其余放在之前。eg:This tree is almostnearly the tallest one这棵树几乎是最大的。China has(by)far the largest population in the world中国是世界人口最多的国家。Tourism has become the second largest industry
9、 in the country旅游业已成为该国的第二大产业。This article is much the best这篇文章是最好的。比较级的修饰语 形容词、副词的比较级有多种修饰语。这些修饰语归纳起来可分为表示不定程度和确定程度两种。表示不确定程度的修饰语归纳如下:一、表示疑问。一般用any,可译为“些,点”。如:Is he any better today?他今天好些吗?二、表示否定。一般用no,not any,hardly等,可译为“(并)不”等。如:He went no farther than the bridge他只走到桥边。We cannot wait any longer我们
10、不能再等了。After taking the medicine,he felt hardly any better他服药后几乎并不见好。应该注意的是no(not)与有些比较级已构成约定俗成的短语,如nolonger(no more,notany longer)不再,no soonerthan一就,nomore than仅仅,同样不。三、表示肯定。这类修饰语较多,大致有:1a little,a bit,slightly等表示“稍微”,可译为“一些”、“一点”。例如:This is taking a little more time than we thought比我们预想的要多耽搁点时间。In
11、fact the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during the winter实际上,冬天的时候地球离太阳倒还要近一些。Our room is slightly bigger than theirs我们的房间比他们的稍大些。2much,a lot,greatly,a greatgood deal,far,by far等表示很大程度,可译为“得多”。例如:Growing rice here is much more difficult在这儿种稻子要困难得多。We are a good deal richer than before我们现在比以前富得多了。He has made far greater porgress this term than he did last term他这学期取得的进步比上学期大得多。