名词性从句专题复习.doc

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名词性从句专题复习
沈永铭
（一）主语从句:在主从复合句中位于谓语之前、充当主语功能的从句叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词常有：连词that， whether；连接代词who，what，which以及其强调形式whoever，whatever， whichever；和连接副词when，where，how， why等。例如：
1． ____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．（99上海）
A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever
2． ____ you don't like him is none of my business．（92上海）
A．What B．Who C．That D．Whether
另外，当主语从句位于句首时，句子整体常常显得很笨重。因此，我们一般要把从句放在句末，前面用引导词it作形式主语，主语从句在复合句中充当真正主语。例如：It’s said/reported/known/announced that clause
3．It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey．（MET92）
A．while B．that C．if D．for
（二）表语从句:在主从复合句中，位于连系动词之后且充当表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词常有：连词that， whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why以及其它连词as if，as though等(It looks/seems as if/though…)。The fact/reason/truth/chance…is/was that …。
4．What the doctors really doubt is____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（2001春季上海）
A．when B．how C．whether D．why
5．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week．—Is that ____ you had a few days off？（NMET99）
A．why B．when C．what D．where
6．Go and get your coat．It's____ you left it．（MET92）
A．there B．where C．there where D．where there
（三）同位语从句:在主从复合句中用充当同位语、说明所修饰的同位名词的内容的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句通常用在idea，news，fact， promise，suggestion，belief，truth，word,reason,chance,information,news,conclusion,possibility, question,ask,doubt,wonder等同位名词的后面，说明该名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词常有：连词that，连接副词how， when，where等。7．Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities．（2001上海） A.While B．that C．when D．as
8.______ came that only German could be taught at the schools in this district.
A. Word B.A word C. The word D. Words
（四）宾语从句:在主从复合句中充当宾语、位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词常有：连词that，whether，if；连接代词who，which，what以及其强调形式 whoever，whichever，whatever；连接副词 when，where，why，how等。例如：
9．—I think it's going to be a big problem ．—Yes，it could be．—I wonder ____ we can do about it．（2002）
A．if B．how C．what D．that
10．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
11．Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late．（2000春季上海）
A．any；who B．every；whoever C．whichever；whoever D．either；whoever
12．It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants．（NMET97）
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever
13．Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____shares her interests．（95上海）
A．anyone B．whom ever C．whoever D．no m atter who
二、在学习名词性从句时还要注意的几方面事项：
1、在名词性从句中，当从句是疑问句时无比要遵循陈述语序的原则。例如：
14．Someone is ringing the doorbell．Go and see ____．（2000上海）
A．who is he B．who he is C．who is it D．who it is
15．Can you make sure ____the gold ring ？（MET90）
A． where Alice had put B．where had Alice put C．where Alice has put D．where has Alice put
16．You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents．（94上海）
A．how they were excited B．how excited they were C．how excited were they D．they were how excited
2、if和whether引导名词性从句时的区别。if和whether都可以用来引导名词性从句，但引导主语从句（位于句首时）、表语从句、同位语从句以及在介词之后引导宾语从句时要用whether，而不用if。
3． who与whoever，what与whatever引导名词性从句时的区别。whoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyone who，those who。 whatever引导名词性从句时相当于anything that。试比较以下句子：
（1） Who broke the window is unknown．不知道是谁打破了窗户。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished．凡是犯法者都要受到惩罚。
（2） Do what you like．你爱干什么就干什么吧。
Do whatever you like．你爱干什么就干什么。（whatever比what语气更强）
4．在宾语从句中还要掌握好否定前移现象。所谓“否定前移现象”就是指当主句的主语是第一人称，且主句的谓语动词是think,believe;suppose;expect等感知动词时，人们常把对宾语从句的否定前移到主句中去的现象。这种现象的语言欺骗性较强，而且还影响到主从复合句的反意疑问句的后部句子的结构。例如：
（1）I don’t think that it’s right for you to do so.我认为你这样做是不对的。
（2）We don’t believe that Tom can pass the driving test,_______?
A. do we B. don’t we C. can he D. can’t he
5. fact,idea,reason,truth,chance,information,news,conclusion,possibility,believe,conclude等表示肯定意义的动词或名词前后的名词性从句一般为肯定句，名词性从句宜用that引导从句；当question, ask, doubt, wonder等表示疑问的名词或动词之前有了否定副词not或否定代词no时，从句一般为肯定句，宜用that引导从句。例如：
The reason why he was absent this morning was that he was badly ill.
There is no doubt that the clever and diligent will pass the college entrance examinations next year
6．在包含名词性从句的复合句中，我们都要遵循主从句动词时态基点一致性原则，即要么都用现在时态，要么都用过去时态。但是，当从句的内容为客观事实、客观真理、生活常识或谚语时，不受主从句时态一致原则的限制，仍要坚持用一般现在时；当从句的内容为历史的事实时，不受主从句时态一致原则的限制，仍用一般过去时。例如：
(1)Our physics teacher once told us that light travels faster than sound.
(2)It is known to us all that the People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1,1949.
7.疑问词前置现象：当宾语从句是疑问句，而主句是特殊疑问句时；我们常把从句的疑问词前置于主句之前的现象。例如：
Who do you know/ is the best student in your class?
What do you think /has happened to Mike?
Exercises:
1. Though _ he said was of little help to me, I thanked him all the same.
a. what b. which c. that d. who
2. ___, I’m sure that he is honest.
a. No matter what people say b. What people say
c. Whatever people say d. It doesn’t matter people say
3. Mr. Smith is a warm-hearted person. He helps me ___ I ask him to..
a. whatever b. whenever c. wherever d. however
4. He took all __ was here and left nothing.
a. what b. which c. that d. /
5. The reason _ I’m writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.
a. because b. why c. for d. which
6. That is the reason _ he gave us for carrying out the plan.
a. because b. why c. how d. which
7. The question of _ they are old or young is not important.
a. / b. whether c. how d. if
8. _ is known to us all is that China is a developing country _ the Third World.
a. As, belong to b. It, belongs to c. What, belonging to d. That, belonging to
9. _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.
a. Anyone b. The boy c. The one d. The one who
10. _ is known to all, oil and water don’t mix up.
a. It b. What c. Which d. As
11. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.
a. that what b. what that c. that d. all which
12. We were all very much worried over the fact _ you were ill.
a. that b. which c. on which d. about which
13. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American people’s hearts with deep sorrow.
a. which b. when c. that d. how
14. The boy didn’t believe the fact _.
a. that most of us thought it to be true b. as most of us thought true
c. most of us thought to be true d. what most of us thought was true
15. It looks _ it’s going to rain.
a. that b. as c. as if d. like
16. The problem is not _ we leave, but _ we can get there.
a. when, how b. when, where c. how, which d. where, when
17. What I asked him is _ the story happened.
a. when and what b. what and where c. which and where d. when and where
18. The reason for his success is _ he worked very hard.
a. why b. that c. because d. for
19. The reason why he was late was _ he had taken a wrong bus.
a. because b. whether c. when d. that
20. Einstein’s most famous theory is _ we call the Theory of Relativity.
a. what b. that c. which d. how
21. China isn’t _ it was ten years ago.
a. that b. what c. where d. how
22. This museum is not _ it used to be.
a. that b. when c. which d. what
23. That’s _ I’ve seen and heard.
a. what b. all which c. all what d. all of which
24. Has all _ can be done _?
a. what, done b. that, be done c. what, to be done d. that, been done
25. Could you tell me _ you have bought this fur coat?
a. by whom b. for whom c. when d./
26. Nobody but Jim and his uncle _.
a. know who is he b. know who he is c. knows who is he d. knows who he is
27. The tourists decided not to make a trip to the flooded area _.
a. but stay at the present place b. so they remained to the place they were now
c. but to remain where they were d. instead of staying at the place
28. I didn’t know what _ , but I knew something was wrong.
a. was the matter b. was matter c. matter was d. the matter was
29. We have plenty of books here. You may take _ you like most.
a. which b. whatever c. whichever d. that
30. College students are free to study _ them.
a. whatever which interest b. whatever interests
c. whatever that interests d.. whatever interesting
31. _ comes back first is supposed to win the prize.
a. Those who b. Anyone c. No matter who d. Whoever
32. It depends on _ we have enough time.
a. if b. weather c. if or not d. whether
33. You have no idea _ for her safety.
a. how anxious I have been b. so anxious I have been
c. how I have been anxious d. I have been so anxious
34. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on _ best in its climate and soil.
a. it grows b. what grows c. does it grow d. what does it grow
35. Now we can see _ problem the problem is.
a. what serious b. such serious a c. how serious a d. so serious
36. Would any one of you please tell me _ to the railway station?
a. how far is it b. how far it is c. how far is d. how far
37. What we have seen is different from _.
a. what we heard b. that we heard c. that we have heard d. what we have heard

KEY:
1. ACBCB 6. DBCDD D 11. AACCC 16. ADBCD
21. BDADB 26. DCACB 31. DDABC 36. BDD