机械工程专业英语--L04省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,English for Mechanical Engineering,机械工程专业英语,常州工学院机电工程学院,徐红丽,第1页,机械工程专业英语,预备知识,一、Background Information,Metal(金属),Lesson 4 Metals,Chemical properties,Metals are usually inclined to form,cation,s through,electron,loss,reacting with,oxygen,in the air to form,oxides,over changing timescales(iron rusts over years,while,potassium,burns in seconds).Examples:,4Na+O,2,2Na,2,O(sodium oxide),2Ca+O,2,2CaO(calcium oxide),4Al+3O,2,2Al,2,O,3,(aluminium oxide),第2页,机械工程专业英语,预备知识,一、Background Information,Metal(金属),Lesson 4 Metals,Chemical properties,The,transition metals,(such as iron,copper,zinc,and nickel)take much longer to oxidize.Others,like,palladium,platinum,and,gold,do not react with the atmosphere at all.While there are several metals that,have low density,hardness,and melting points,these,(the,alkali,and,alkaline earth,metals)are extremely reactive,and are rarely encountered in their elemental,metallic form.,第3页,Physical properties,Metals in general have,high electric,thermal conductivity,luster,and,density,and the ability to be deformed under stress without,cleaving,.,Lesson 4 Metals,一、Background Information,Metal(金属),kli:vvt.劈开,割开,预备知识,第4页,金属：分黑金属和有色金属,惯用合金：铸铁、碳钢和合金钢-黑金属,1、金属材料机械性能：,弹性：金属受外力作用时产生变形，当外力去掉后能恢复其原来形状性能。,塑性：金属材料受外力作用时产生永久变形而不致引发破坏能力,强度：金属材料受外力作用下抵抗外力而不致失效能力抗拉、抗压、抗剪、抗弯、抗扭、疲劳强度,硬度：金属材料抵抗更硬物体压入能力-综合物理量，表示金属材料在一个小体积范围内抵抗弹性变性、塑性变形和破坏能力,韧性：金属材料抵抗冲击载荷能力,2、金属材料物理性能：比重、熔点、热膨胀性、导热性、导电性等,3、金属材料化学性能：在室温或高温时抵抗各种化学作用能力,主要指抵抗活泼介质化学腐蚀能力，如耐酸性、耐碱性、抗氧化性,金属材料工艺性能：可铸性、可锻性、焊接性能和切削加工性能等,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,预备知识,一、预备知识,第5页,ferrous metals 黑金属 nonferrous metals 有色金属 strength 强度 toughness 韧性 hardness 硬度 rigidity 刚度 elasticity 弹性 plasticity 塑性 ductility 韧性 resistance to wear 耐磨性 magnetic property 磁性 corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀性 iron 铁 alloy 合金 carbon(C)碳 copper（Cu）铜 aluminum(AL)铝 lead(Pb)铅 zinc(Zn)锌 tin(Sn)锡 bronze 青铜 brass 黄铜 magnesium(Mg)镁 nickel(Ni)镍 silicon(Si)硅 manganese(Mn)锰 titanium(Ti)钛 thermal conductivity 热传导性 electrical conductivity 导电性,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,词汇,二、词 汇,第6页,二、词汇,机械工程专业英语,词 汇,Lesson 4 Metals,corrosion,k,E,5rEuVEn,n.,腐蚀,dump,5mAnjuEl,v.倾倒，堆放,recycle,5ri:5saikl,v.使再循环，重复利用,carbon,ka:b,E,n,n.,碳,ore C:(r),n.,矿石,mineral ,5minErEl,n.,矿物，矿石,impurity im,5,pju,E,riti n.,杂质，不纯。,specification,7spesifi5keiFEn,n.,操作规程，技术要求，说明书，规范,extract,iks5trAkt,vt.,提取，萃取，开方，求根 n 汁，榨出物，摘录,第7页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,Why does man use metals still so much today when there are other materials,especially plastics,which are available?,A material is generally used because it offers the required strength,and other properties,at minimum cost.Appearance is also an important factor.The main advantage of metals is their strength and toughness.Concrete may be cheaper and is often used in building,but even concrete depends on its core of steel for strength.,课文分析,第8页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,Why does man use metals still so much today when there are other materials,especially,plastics,which are available?,课文分析,当有了其它各种材料，尤其是有了塑料今天，人类为何依然要使用如此之多金属材料呢，哪些材料更有用呢？,plstik,adj.塑胶,塑造,有可塑性,n.pl.塑料,塑胶,整形外科,第9页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,A material is generally used because it offers the required strength,and other,properties,at minimum cost.,课文分析,通常使用一个材料，是因为它能以最低成本提供所需强度，以及所需要其它性能,Appearance is also an important factor.,外观也是一个主要原因。,prpti,n.财产;全部物(不可数);地产,房地产,财产权,全部权,性能,功效,特征;参数,pl.舞台道具,第10页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,The main advantage of metals is their strength and toughness.,课文分析,Concrete may be cheaper and is often used in building,but even concrete depends on its core of steel for strength.,金属材料主要优点是他们所含有强度和韧性。,混泥土可能是比较廉价，并惯用于建筑上，但就强度角度来说，即使是混泥土依然是取决于其内里钢筋。,第11页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,Plastics are lighter and more corrosion-resistant,but they are not usually as strong.Another problem with plastics is what to do with them after use.Metal objects can often be broken down and the metals recycled;Plastics can only be dumped or burned.,课文分析,第12页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,Plastics are lighter and more,corrosion,-resistant,but they are not usually as strong.,课文分析,塑料比较轻而且含有更加好抗腐蚀性能，但它们通常强度不足。,krun,n.腐蚀;受腐蚀部位,第13页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,Another problem with plastics is what to do with them after use.,课文分析,Metal objects can often be broken down and the metals recycled;Plastics can only be,dump,ed or burned.,塑料另一个问题就是使用之后，怎样处理它们。,金属零件经常能够敲碎并回收利用，而塑料只能废弃或烧掉。,dmp,vt.倾倒,丢弃,倾卸;堆放 倾销,抛弃,第14页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,It is known that metals are very important in our life.Metals have the greatest importance for industry.All machines and other engineering constructions have metal parts,some of them consistonly of metal parts.,课文分析,第15页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,It is known that metals are very important in our life.,课文分析,Metals have the greatest importance for industry.,众所周知，金属在我们生活中是非常主要。,金属对于工业生产而言是最主要。,第16页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,All machines and other engineering constructions have metal parts,some of them consistonly of metal parts.,课文分析,全部机器和其它工程结构都有金属零部件，其中一些还只能由金属零部件组成。,第17页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,About two thirds of all elements found in the earth are metals,but not all metals may be used in industry.Those metals,which are used in industry,are called engineering metals.The most important engineering metal is iron(Fe),which in the form of alloys with carbon(C)and other elements,finds greater use than any other metal.Metals consisting of iron combined with some other elements are known as ferrous metals;All the metals are called nonferrous metals.The most important nonferrous metals are copper(Cu),aluminum(Al),lead(Pb),zinc(Zn),tin(Sn),but all these metals are used much less than ferrous metals,because the ferrous metals are much cheaper.,课文分析,第18页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,About,two thirds,of all elements found in the earth are metals,but not all metals may be used in industry.,课文分析,Those metals,which are used in industry,are called engineering metals.,在地球上发觉全部元素中大约三分之二是金属元素，不过并不是全部金属都能够用于工业生产中。,那些我们用于工业上生产中金属，称为工程金属。,三分之二,第19页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,The most important engineering metal is iron(Fe),which in the form of,alloy,s with carbon(C)and other elements,finds greater use than any other metal.,课文分析,Metals consisting of iron combined with some other elements are known as,ferrous,metals;All the other metals are called nonferrous metals.,最主要工程金属就是铁（Fe），铁和碳（C）以及其它元素形成合金比其它金属有更大用途。,铁与其它一些元素相结合而形成金属称为黑色金属；而全部其它金属都称为有色金属。,li,fers adj.铁,含铁,第20页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,The most important nonferrous metals are copper(Cu),aluminum,(Al),lead,(Pb),zinc(Zn),tin(Sn),but all these metals are used much less than ferrous metals,because the ferrous metals are much cheaper.,课文分析,最主要有色金属是铜（Cu），铝（Al），铅（Pb），锌（Zn），锡（Sn）。不过所以这些有色金属使用比黑色金属要少得多，因为黑色金属廉价得多。,lumnm,led,第21页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,Not all metals are strong,however,Copper and aluminum,for example,are both fairly weakbut if they are mixed together,the result is an alloy called aluminum bronze,which is much stronger than either pure copper or pure aluminum.Alloying is an important method of obtaining whatever special properties are required:strength,toughness,resistance to wear,magnetic properties,high electrical resistance or corrosion-resistance.,第22页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,Not all metals are strong,however,Copper and aluminum,for example,are both fairly weakbut if they are mixed together,the result is an alloy called aluminum bronze,which is much stronger than either pure copper or pure aluminum.,然而，并不是全部金属强度都高，比如铜和铝都颇为脆弱，但假如将铜、铝混合在一起时，所取得合金称为铝青铜，铝青铜强度比纯铜和纯铝要高得多。,第23页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,Alloying,is an important method of obtaining whatever special properties are required:strength,toughness,resistance to wear,magnetic properties,high electrical resistance or corrosion-resistance.,合金化是取得以下所需各种特殊性能一个主要方法：如强度，韧性，耐磨性，磁性，高电阻率或抗腐蚀性。,lii n.炼制合金，合金化,第24页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,Different metals are produced in different ways,but almost all the metal are found in the form of metal ore(iron ore,copper ore,etc.).The ore is a mineral consisting of a metal combined with some impurities.In order to produce a metal from some metal ore,we must separate these impurities from the metal that is done by metallurgy.,第25页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,Different metals are produced in different ways,but almost all the metal are found in the form of metal,ore,(iron ore,copper ore,etc.).,The ore is a mineral consisting of a metal combined with some impurities.,不一样方法能够生产出不一样合金，不过几乎全部金属都是以金属矿形式（铁矿、铜矿等）被发觉。,矿石是一个由金属与一些杂质相混合而形成矿物。,:n.,矿物,矿石,第26页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,In order to produce a metal from some metal ore,we must separate these impurities from the metal that is done by,metallurgy,.,为了从金属矿石中提炼出金属，我们必须将杂质从金属矿中分离出去，那是靠冶炼来实现。,metldi,n.冶金;冶金学;冶金术,第27页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,Methods of extracting,producing and treating metals are being developed all the time to meet engineering requirements.This means that there are an enormous variety of metals and metallic materials available form which to choose.,第28页,Lesson 4 Metals,机械工程专业英语,课文分析,Methods of,extract,ing,producing and treating metals are being developed,all the time,to meet engineering requirements.,This means that there are an enormous variety of metals and metallic materials available from which to choose.,提炼、生产和处理金属种种方法都一直在研究和发展，以满足工程需要。,这就意味着有大量各种各样金属材料可供选择。,一直,ikstrkt,n.提取、提炼,第29页,