机电专业英语省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Lesson 2,Mechanization and Automation,机械化和自动化,Section I Words and Phrases,Section II Text and Translation,Section III Exercises and Answers,词,英,汉,练,End,Next,答,第1页,Section I Words and Phrases,mechanization,meknaizein n.机械化,例句：We are speeding up the mechanization of our agriculture.,我们正在加紧农业机械化步伐。,automation,:tmein n.自动化,in as much as 因为，因为，鉴于，既然,例句：In as much as the debtor has no property,I abandoned the claim.,因为债务人无财产,我放弃了债务。,debtor det n.借方，债务人,Topic,Above,Next,End,第2页,They bought in as much food as would last the winter.,他们买进了足以维持一个冬天食品。,discrimination,dis,krimi,nein n.区分，判别，识别，歧视,例句:He spoke out against racial discrimination.,他声言反对种族歧视。,These robots are capable of shape discrimination.,这些机器人能区分形状。,第3页,feedback,fi:dbk n.反馈,回馈,negative feedback 负反馈,deviation,7,di:vi:,5,ein n.偏差，偏移,背离,例句：Any deviation from the partys faith is seen as betrayal.,任何对党信仰偏离被视作背叛。,betrayal bitreil,n.,1.背叛;密告;泄密2.引诱,spinning,5,spini,adj.旋转 n.纺线，纺纱,例句：Spinning is one of my hobbies.我很喜欢纺纱。,单词起源：spin spin vt.&vi 使旋转，杜撰，纺线，纺纱,Topic,Above,Next,End,第4页,pneumatic,nju:,5,mtik adj.空气，气动,例句：This pneumatic tool will double the speed of assembly.,这个气开工具能够把装配速度提升一倍。,Knowledge of hydraulic,pneumatic and electronic fixture applications.,具备利用液压、气动和电子器具知识。,pneumatic cylinder 气缸 pneumatic actuator 气动执行元件,第5页,Section I Words and Phrases,hydraulic haidr:lik adj.液压,例句：Hydraulic jacks under the machine produce the movement.,是机器下面液压千斤顶造成移动。,hydraulic engineering 水利工程 hydraulic drive 液压传动hydraulic transmission system 液压传动系统,remarkable,ri,5,m:kbl,adj.显著，非凡，值得注意,remarkable achievements 卓越成就,例句：Remarkable quality has good prestige.,卓越品质便有良好信誉。prestige presti:n.名望,声望,威望,;,Topic,Above,Next,End,第6页,displace,5,dis,5,pleis,vt.移置，取代，转移,过去式:displaced 过去分词:displaced 现在分词:displacing,例句：He was displaced by another young man.,他已被另一个年轻人顶替。,The war has displaced thousands of people.,战争使成千上万人背井离乡。,exceptional iksepnl adj.例外;异常;特殊;优异;卓越,第7页,Section I Words and Phrases,old-fashioned,uld,fnd adj.传统，旧,例句：An old-fashioned,fussy person.,老古板思想过时、吹毛求疵人,fussy fsi adj.大惊小怪;难以取悦;挑剔,His values seem old-fashioned.,他价值观念似乎陈旧了。,immense i,mens adj.极大，巨大,例句：They made an immense improvement in English.,在英语方面他们取得了巨大进步。,The expense of living is immense.生活费用很庞大。,Topic,Above,Next,End,第8页,centrifugal sentrifjugl adj.离心,centrifugal force 离心力 centrifugal governor离心式调速器,shaft:ft,n.C,轴；矿井;竖井,valve vlv n.,n.c,1.阀,活门 2.真空管，电子管,innumerable inju:mrbl adj.无数;数不清mass-produced大(批)量生产,第9页,Section II Text,Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century.（自从18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进程一直在不停地发展，而且变得越来越复杂。）The current developments of automatic processes are,however,different from the old ones.（但当前工业自动化过程较以前工业自动化过程有很大不一样）,Topic,Above,Next,汉,End,第10页,The“automation”of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries in as much as mechanization was applied to individual operations,whereas“automation”is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit.（20世纪工业自动化之所以有别于18、19世纪机械化，是因为机械化仅应用于操纵(执行）机构，而自动化则包括整个生产单元执行和控制两个（关键）部分。）,第11页,And in many,though not all,instances the element of control is so great that mechanization displaces muscle,“automation”displaces brain as well.（尽管不是全部情况，但在大多数情况下，控制元件依然发挥着强大力量，机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自动化代替了脑力劳动。,）,第12页,The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is,however,not a sharp one.At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control,while at the other end of the scale are“transfer machines”,as they are now called,which may be as simple as a convey or belt to another.（机械化程度发展在过去和现在区分不是很显著，而在一端是含有强大区分和控制功效电子计算机，另一端是我们当前所说“转换机构”正如传输带一样与其它设备简单地连接起来。）,第13页,An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulate;that is,it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment.（自动调整机构能够自动调整系统，也就是说，它能在没有些人干预和调整情况下，自动对系统或生产过程进行控制和调整。,）,第14页,Now people often talk about“feedback”as being an essential factor of the new industrial techniques,upon which is based an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired conditions can be detected,measured,reported and corrected.（当代工业技术关键原因就是当前人们经常提起反馈（控制），它是以自动调整系统为基础，借助于系统参考值与期望值之间偏差来控制，可由自动检测、测量、显示和校正方法得到）,Topic,Above,Next,汉,End,第15页,When“feedback”is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums,constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts that have been put to it,it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines.(反馈控制应用于高速运转大型数字计算机进行复杂运算时，对于输入复杂问题，计算机通常会一直运行，直到求出与问题匹配结果。这或许与我们以前熟知机器有很大差异。),第16页,But“feedback”,as such,is a familiar mechanical conception.The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor,two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft.(反馈是我们所熟悉机械概念。旧式蒸汽机安装有离心式调速器，控制杆上两个球不停地绕立轴旋转，,第17页,If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast,the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve.This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed(气压升高，发动机转速变快，旋转调速器速度增加，使立杆上升，关闭阀门，切断蒸汽，从而发动机恢复到适当速度。,),第18页,The mechanization,which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution,because it was limited to individual processes,required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another.(伴随工业革命出现，机械化也随之产生，因为这时机械化仅局限于单个生产过程。所以，需要使用人工控制每部机器及装卸材料，并把材料从一个地方运到另一个地方。),第19页,Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow.(仅仅在极少情况下，这些生产过程才能够自动地衔接起来，形成连续产品生产线。,),第20页,In general,however,although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s,the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together.Electric-light bulbs,bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced articles are made in mechanized factories in which a degree of automatic control has gradually been building up.(普通而言，从20世纪20年代以来，尽管当代工业已经实现了高度机械化，然而通常机械化部分还没有联络在一起。机械化工厂生产了电灯泡、瓶子和大量生产产品元件，这些机械化工厂自动化程度日益得到了加强),Topic,Above,Next,汉,End,第21页,The development of the electronic computer in the 1940s suggested that there were a number of other devices less complicated and expensive than the computer which could share the field of mechanical control.(20世纪40年代电子计算机发展，意味着在机械控制领域内将出现大量比计算机更简单、更廉价产品。),第22页,These devices mechanical,pneumatic and hydraulic have been considerably developed in recent years and will continue to advance now that the common opinion is favoring the extension of“automation”.(这些装置机械装置、气动装置、液压装置，在近些年内已经有了很大发展，并将继续发展下去，通常认为这有利于自动控制发展。),第23页,Electronic devices,of course,although not the sole cause of what is happening,are nevertheless in a key position.They are gaining in importance and unquestionably hold out exceptional promise for development in the future.(电子设备对当前自动控制发展依然处于举足轻重地位，无疑在今后自动控制发展方面还继续会发挥不可估量作用。,),第24页,自从18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进程一直在不停地发展，而且变得越来越复杂。但当前工业自动化过程较以前工业自动化过程有很大不一样。20世纪工业自动化之所以有别于18、19世纪机械化，是因为机械化仅应用于操纵(执行）机构，而自动化则包括整个生产单元执行和控制两个（关键）部分。尽管不是全部情况，但在大多数情况下，控制元件依然发挥着强大力量，机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自动化代替了脑力劳动。,机械化程度发展在过去和现在区分不是很显著，而在一端是含有强大区分和控制功效电子计算机，另一端是我们当前所说“转换机构”正如传输带一样与其它设备简单地连接起来。自动调整机构能够自动调整系统，也就是说，它能在没有些人干预和调整情况下，自动对系统或生产过程进行控制和调整。,Topic,Above,Next,英,End,第25页,Section II Translation,当代工业技术关键原因就是当前人们经常提起反馈（控制），它是以自动调整系统为基础，借助于系统参考值与期望值之间偏差来控制，可由自动检测、测量、显示和校正方法得到。反馈控制应用于高速运转大型数字计算机进行复杂运算时，对于输入复杂问题，计算机通常会一直运行，直到求出与问题匹配结果。这或许与我们以前熟知机器有很大差异。就其本身而论，反馈是我们所熟悉机械概念。旧式蒸汽机安装有离心式调速器，控制杆上两个球不停地绕立轴旋转，气压升高，发动机转速变快，旋转调速器速度增加，使立杆上升，关闭阀门，切断蒸汽，从而发动机恢复到适当速度。,伴随工业革命出现，机械化也随之产生，因为这时机械化仅局限于单个生产过程。所以，需要使用人工控制每部机器及装卸材料，并把材料从一个地方运到另一个地方。仅仅在极少情况下，这些生产过程才能够自动地衔接起来，形成连续产品生产线。,Topic,Above,Next,英,End,第26页,Section II Translation,普通而言，从20世纪20年代以来，尽管当代工业已经实现了高度机械化，然而通常机械化部分还没有联络在一起。机械化工厂生产了电灯泡、瓶子和大量生产产品元件，这些机械化工厂自动化程度日益得到了加强。20世纪40年代电子计算机发展，意味着在机械控制领域内将出现大量比计算机更简单、更廉价产品。这些装置机械装置、气动装置、液压装置，在近些年内已经有了很大发展，并将继续发展下去，通常认为这有利于自动控制发展。电子设备对当前自动控制发展依然处于举足轻重地位，无疑在今后自动控制发展方面还继续会发挥不可估量作用。,Topic,Above,Next,英,End,第27页,Section III Exercises,I.依据课文填空,1.Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex,the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century.,2.The current developments of automatic processes are,however,different,the old ones.,3.The“automation”of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries,mechanization was applied to individual operations,whereas“automation”is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit.,4.And in many,though not all,instances the element of control is so great that mechanization displaces muscle,“automation”displaces,as well.,Topic,Above,答,Next,End,第28页,5.An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulate;that is,it can regulate or control the system or process,the need for constant human attention or adjustment.,6.The system is based an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue,which any deviation in the system from desired conditions can be detected,measured,reported and corrected.,7.The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted,a centrifugal governor,two balls on levers.,8.The,mechanization,which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution,because it was limited,individual processes.,Section III Exercises,Topic,Above,答,Next,End,第29页,Section III Exercises,9.The components of innumerable mass-produced articles are made in mechanized factories,which a degree of automatic control has gradually been building up.,10.The development of the electronic computer in the 1940s suggested that there were a number of other devices less complicated and expensive,the computer which could share the field of mechanical control.,Topic,Above,答,Next,End,第30页,Section III Exercises,II.将以下短语和句子译成汉字,1.Industrial Revolution,mechanization and automatization,self-regulating system,feedback,mass-produced articles,hydraulic control,component,load and unload.,工业革命，机械化和自动化，自我调整系统，反馈，大量生产产品，液压控制，元件（部件），装卸和卸载。,Topic,Above,答,Next,End,第31页,2.Now people often talk about“feedback”as being an essential factor of the new industrial techniques,upon which is based an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired conditions can be detected,measured,reported and corrected.,当代工业技术关键原因就是当前人们经常提起反馈（控制），它是以自动调整系统为基础，借助于系统偏差与期望值之间偏差来控制，可由自动检测、测量、显示和校正方法得到。,第32页,3.The mechanization,which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution,because it was limited to individual processes,required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another.,机械化引入工业革命，因为仅局限于单个生产过程。所以，需要使用人工控制每部机器及装卸材料，并把材料从一个地方运到另一个地方。,第33页,Section III Exercises,.将以下句子译成英文,1.,普通来说，自从20世纪80年代计算机技术和信息技术就已经发展很快。,In general,computer technology and information technology have rapidly developed ever since the 1980s.,Topic,Above,答,Next,End,第34页,2.借助自动调整系统，这个生产线生产产品质量已经越来越高，生产成本越来越低。,By virtue of the automatic self-regulating system,the quality of products made by this mass-produced line has become higher and higher,and lower and lower in the productive cost,第35页,3.机械化引入工业革命，因为仅局限于单个生产过程。所以，需要使用人工控制每部机器及装卸材料，并把材料从一个地方运到另一个地方。,The mechanization,which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution,because it was limited to individual processes,required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another,第36页,4.自动机械装置是一个能够自行调整，不需要人工调整系统。,An automatic mechanism is a system which has a capacity for self-regulate without the need for human adjustment,第37页,5.这台机器人装备有先进智能控制元件。,5.This robot is fitted with the advanced intelligent control components.,第38页,Section III Answers,I.依据课文内容填空,1.,ever since 2.from 3.in as much as 4.brain 5.without 6.of 7.with 8.to 9.in 10.than,II.,将以下短语和句子译成汉字,1.工业革命，机械化和自动化，自我调整系统，反馈，大量生产产品，液压控制，元件（部件），装卸和卸载。,2.当代工业技术关键原因就是当前人们经常提起反馈（控制），它是以自动调整系统为基础，借助于系统偏差与期望值之间偏差来控制，可由自动检测、测量、显示和校正方法得到。,3.机械化引入工业革命，因为仅局限于单个生产过程。所以，需要使用人工控制每部机器及装卸材料，并把材料从一个地方运到另一个地方。,Topic,Above,Next,Return,End,第39页,Section III Answers,.将以下句子译成英文,1.In general,computer technology and information technology have rapidly developed ever since the 1980s.,2.By virtue of the automatic self-regulating system,the quality of products made by this mass-produced line has become higher and higher,and lower and lower in the productive cost.,3.,The mechanization,which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution,because it was limited to individual processes,required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another.,4.An automatic mechanism is a system which has a capacity for self-regulate without the need for human adjustment.,5.This robot is fitted with the advanced intelligent control components.,Topic,Above,Next,Return,End,第40页,